1、语篇翻译语篇翻译一、 出题形式1.以一篇短文的形式出现: 3个：英译汉 2个：汉译英2.考纲要求考查对中西文化差异的了解；对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；对句子结构、语法知识的掌握对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。二、考查重点1、 各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、4、主要语法规则及其运用等5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。三、解题指导1.通读短文，了解大意。2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态3.调序、润色。 4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译四、翻译技巧指导：（易错点、难点）1.连词的翻译and :
2、 和、与（1）Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends. 露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省）（2）Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing. （3）The sun is bright,and the sky is clear. 太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。 (X) （4）He left the company in March las
3、t year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar. （5）However ,they worry about their schoolwork and cant fall asleep quickly. （6）他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。 注：解题策略英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。 汉译英，要适当增加连词，成文连贯。如：Though it isnt like a table, I like it very much. 虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。（成对使用） 虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了
4、 注：解题策略英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、 “so”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然但是”、“因为所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。2.定语从句的翻译Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers. He refused to give up the goal which is very clear. 解题策略：对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句He was very thankful to the land where he grew up. I met an o
5、ld man who asked me to pay attention to health. 解题策略：对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。 They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives. （长句拆分 ）3.it 句型的翻译解题策略：引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义,可以省译。熟记 it 句型：It be + adj (for sb) to do sth. It takes sb （some time
6、) to do sth. I find/think it +adj to do sth. It was difficult to remember all the faces and names. I think it hard for them to understand your joke = It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park. 4.否定转移的翻译I dont think he can pass the exam.我认为他不可能通过这次考试I dont believe that he can sp
7、eak to the old so impolitely。我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。解题策略：当主句部分是“I dont think” ， “I dont believe”， “I dont suppose” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时，要注意 。我认为我们不该浪费时间 我相信他不会抽烟。 5被动语态的翻译被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无“被”，一定认真分析主动还是被动。熟记被动语态的各种时态： 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来词： 现在完成时： 情态动词的被动语态： The blue sky is reflected（映衬） in the deep blue lake. 蓝蓝的天空映衬
8、在深蓝色的湖水中 （无“被”）Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.（有“被”） 我们学校是2011年建的。 6.汉译英存在的主要问题（1）时态、语态不对。（2）句子结构不完整：缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌（3）中文式语序：时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前（4）动词直接做主语、表语、宾语（5）固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好汉译英： 诊断、改错（1）他生于1955年，在山东的一个小村庄长大。He born in 1955, in Shandong a small village grow up.- （2
9、）我非常喜欢看电视I very like watch TV.- （语序， 搭配）（3）玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.- （4）最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作The most important thing is balance shoolwork and part-time jobs.- （5）每当我参加聚会，我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。When I take part in the party, my friends encourage me sing.- 湖南2017中考试题研究英语题库英汉互译型
10、话题一 介绍类Passage 1Let me tell you about my hometown. I live in Kinsale. It may be one of the smallest towns in Southern Ireland, but it is also the most famous one.1. The fish restaurants are very wonderful and there are many good cooks here. They cook the best fish for the visitors. 2. 食物昂贵但是人们非常喜欢它。
11、So you can see many people from different countries in every restaurant. My town is very beautiful because it is by the sea. 3. In summer it is very cool and you can go swimming in the sea. There are three small shops and you can buy your friends many souvenirs there. 4. They are very cheap and you
12、just need to pay a little money for them.The people in my town are friendly. 5. 他们会和你交朋友。If you feel sick, there is a clinic (诊所) with a doctor and a nurse. Im Andy. You can ask me for help when you have some trouble. I think you will enjoy the holiday.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“我”的家
13、乡金塞尔的一些情况。1. 鱼餐厅非常棒并且这里有很多好的厨师。【解析】The fish restaurants鱼餐厅；and和，并且；there are为固定句型，表示“有”；cooks厨师。2. The food is expensive but people enjoy/like it very much.【解析】昂贵expensive；但是but；喜欢enjoy/like。3. 夏天它很凉爽，你可以在海里游泳。【解析】In summer在夏天；cool凉爽的；go swimming游泳。4. 它们非常便宜，你只需要为它们付很少的钱。【解析】cheap便宜的，廉价的；need需要； pay
14、for为支付。5. They can make friends with you.【解析】交朋友make friends，为固定短语。Passage 2How much does a boy weigh? Im afraid no one could believe a 10-year-old boy can weigh up to 192kg. A 10-year-old Indonesian boy, Arya Permana is such a boy, who was called “the worlds fattest child”. Now he has been on diet
15、according to the doctors warning, because extreme obesity is threatening his life.Arya is from a village in Indonesia. 1. His weight has left him unable to walk, making him unable to go to school. He has to wear a sarong(围裙) because his parents were no longer able to find clothes that fit him. 2. Wh
16、ats more, he often suffers from shortness of breath, and can only sleep with his head against a wall to help him breath.3. 他现在每天吃五餐。If not, he will suffer from hungry. But a doctor said Arya was “healthy” during a recent hospital check-up. Her mother was unable to get a clear answer about Aryas weig
17、ht. 4. However, she said there were “no problems” with her sons health.His mother said that Arya has been on diet for the first half of each day like many children at his age. 5. 他努力坚持节食直到他感觉胃疼。1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了世界上最胖的一个小孩，来自印度尼西亚的Arya Permana。由于身体太胖，母亲只能给他围一个围裙。尽管他很胖，但是医生说他的
18、身体还是健康的，现在他正按照医生的要求进行节食。1. 他的体重让他无法行走，让他不能去上学。【解析】weight体重，重量；(be) unable to 不能，无法；make sb. + adj.使得某人；go to school上学。2. 另外，他经常遭受气短的折磨，【解析】Whats more另外，更多；often经常；suffer from遭受，因而蒙受损害；shortness of breath气短。3. He now eats/has five meals every day.【解析】现在now；每天every day；吃eat/have；五餐five meals。4. 然而，她说她
19、儿子的健康“没有问题”。【解析】However然而，但是；there were为固定句型；no problems没问题；health健康。5. He tries to keep on diet until/till he feels stomach pains.【解析】努力try to do;坚持节食keep on diet直到；until/till；胃疼stomach pains。话题二 学生学习与生活类Passage 3 (2016福州改编)What can you make with pieces of paper? Look at Chen Yiyans works! The 14-y
20、ear-old has origami (折纸) talent at Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, Zhejiang. 1. 但是他并不是生而具有这种才能。When Chen was a fourth-grader, he found his brothers paper-folding book. It got him interested in origami. 2. Since then, he has read many books about origami and practices in his spare time. And h
21、e made his favorite work last year. Its a paper dragon that involved (包含) almost 2000 steps.Chen used to fold (折叠) paper himself until he met Chen Changnan, who also loves origami. 3. 去年他们成立了一个折纸俱乐部。With support from school, they host a paper-folding class every Wednesday afternoon. Now it has more
22、than 20 members. 4. They show their works and teach students how to fold.“Its really exciting to develop my hobby and share it with others at the same time.” said Chen, “5. I hope more and more people get to know origami and love this art.”1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一名14岁的学生拥有非凡的折纸才能。经过他
23、的努力，他创作了许多作品，并和有着共同爱好的学生一起在学校创建了折纸俱乐部。1. But he wasnt born with this talent.【解析】但是but；生而具有be born with；这种才能this talent。2. 自从那时，他阅读了许多有关折纸的书，然后在空闲时间练习。【解析】Since then自从那时；read many books about origami读许多有关折纸的书；practices练习；in his spare time在他空闲时间。3. They set up a paper-folding club last year.【解析】去年last
24、 year；他们they；成立set up；一个折纸俱乐部a paper-folding club。4. 他们展示他们的作品，并且教学生们怎样折纸。【解析】show展示；their works他们的作品；how to fold怎样折纸，作teach的直接宾语。5. 我希望越来越多的人了解折纸并且热爱这门艺术。【解析】本句是一个省略了that的宾语从句。I hope我希望；more and more people越来越多的人；get to know了解；this art这门艺术。Passage 4Most schools are going to start a program called B
25、.Y.O.T.(bring your own technology). 1. 这个课程允许学生带平板电脑去学校。 One aim of this program is that the students dont need to carry textbooks any more. 2. The other is that they can get free educational subjects to play in their free time.Schools have set up free Wi-Fi systems just for the B.Y.O.T. program. 3.
26、 感谢老师们为成立这个课程付出的所有辛勤工作。 I really think this program will go well in most schools and I also think the learning will be better than ever.4. This program will let students have fun and learn at the same time. If you like your iPads and you like to read, schools are getting started with reading with iP
27、ads. 5. High schools and middle schools have already started and so have some primary schools. But most elementary schools dont come along! Lets tell them: Hurry! Get ready to learn!1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了大多数学校成立的一个名叫B.Y.O.T.的课程的用途、目的以及教育意义。本文意在号召更多的小学学校加入到这个项目中来。1. This program allow
28、s students to bring iPads to school.【解析】这个课程this program；允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.；带去 bring.to.。2. 另一个（目的）是他们可以在他们空闲时间获得可以玩的免费的教育科目。【解析】本句是一个that引导的表语从句。The other另一个；get获得；free免费的；educational subjects教育科目；to play 作后置定语修饰subjects；in their free time在他们的空闲时间。3. Thank teachers for all their hard work
29、to set up this program.【解析】本句考查固定句型。为某事感谢某人thank sb. for sth.；老师teacher；成立set up；这个课程this program；辛勤工作hard work。4. 这个课程会让学生在学习的同时玩得开心。【解析】本句中and连接两个并列成分。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事；have fun玩得开心；learn学习；at the same time与此同时。5. 高中和初中已经开始了（这个课程），一些小学也开始了。【解析】本句中and连接两个并列句，且第二个句子为so引导的倒装句。High schools高中； midd
30、le schools初中；already已经；started开始；some primary schools一些小学。话题三 咨询建议类Passage 5What can you do when people hurt you? 1. You may be angry or even fight with them. But its not a good idea. 2. 最好的方式是和他们交朋友。3. Although it is not easy for you to get on well with the people who hurt you. “Forgiveness makes y
31、ou hopeful. And it is good for your health,” says Fredric, Ph. D. the writer of the book called Forgive for Good.But how can you forgive others?First, think of something nice to make you happy. 4. Dont wait for other people to say sorry to you. If a person hurts you, he or she wont say sorry to you.
32、 They may just want to hurt you or they just dont see things in the same way.Second, try to see things in others shoes. 5. 例如，你可以给自己写一封信。 That can make you understand others better and make yourself happier.At last, dont forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving themselves is the bigges
33、t challenge. And it also makes you more confident.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了原谅那些伤害自己的人的建议，比如：想一些好的事情让自己开心、不要等着别人给你说抱歉、站在别人的立场上看待事情以及不要忘记原谅自己。1. 你或许会生气或者甚至与他们打架。【解析】angry生气；even甚至；fight with sb. 与某人打架。2. The best way is to make friends with them.【解析】最好的方式the best way；与某人交朋友make friend
34、s with sb.。3. 尽管对你来说，和伤害你的人友好相处是不容易的。【解析】本句中Although引导让步状语从句， it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，who引导定语从句。easy容易的；get on well with sb.与某人友好相处。4. 不要等待别人来和你说抱歉。【解析】本句是一个祈使句。wait for sb.等待某人；other其他的；say sorry to sb. 跟某人说抱歉。5. For example, you can write a letter to yourself.【解析】例如for example；给某人写一封信write a lett
35、er to sb.；你自己yourself。话题四 观点看法类Passage 6To many students, joining social media (社交媒体) is more important than making new friends in real life. “I love checking my friends updates (更新).1.我也喜欢在社交媒体上分享新闻。” said Wu Wei, 14, from Hongling Middle School in Shenzhen. 2. Because of enjoying these, Wu keep hi
36、mself away from real life. Deng Yunyun, 14, from Jianfeng Middle School in Shanghai, said that social media had influenced their life. 3. Recently his school held a basketball match, and a student hurt his leg. Instead of giving him some help, students were busy updating micro blogs about the accide
37、nt. They wanted to tell the news to their friends online as soon as possible.4. What makes parents and teachers worried is safety. “Many students are happy to tell their interests and personal information to their social media friends. 5. 这样的信息会给他们带来危险。” said Han Songjun, a teacher at Hongling Middle School.1. _2. _3. _
