1、江苏省2020-2021学年度第一学期新高考质量检测模拟试题英语试题考生注意：1答卷前，考生务必用蓝、黑色字迹的钢笔或圆珠笔将自己的姓名、班级、学号填写在相应位置上2本次考试时间120分钟，满分150分3请在密封线内作答，保持试卷清洁完整第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will Nick do tonight?A. Attend a pa
2、rty. B. Go to a concert. C. Have a rest at home.2. Why does the man come here?A. To report his loss.B. To get a train ticket.C. To have a driving lesson.3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The latest fashion. B. A vacation plan. C. A great museum.4. Where will the speakers go?A. Their o
3、ffice. B. A restaurant. C. The city park.5. What does the man think of the film?A. Disappointing. B. Confusing. C. Amusing.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6. How many bed
4、rooms does the apartment have?A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.7. For what didnt Jim rent the apartment?A. The high rent. B. The dark carpet. C. The small kitchen.听下面一段对话, 回答第8至10题。8. When did Jason watch a film?A. Last Wednesday. B. Last Saturday. C. Last Sunday.9. With whom did Jason climb the Great Wall?A. His f
5、riends. B. His colleagues. C. His classmates.10. What does the woman want to do?A. Go back to the US.B. Upload pictures to her blog.C. Read about Jasons experience.听下面一段对话, 回答第11至13题。11. How did Helen contact the company?A. By email. B. By phone. C. By letter.12. What is the duty of the job in the a
6、d?A. To look after children.B. To work for a newspaper.C. To serve in a phone company.13. On what conditions would Helen accept the job?A. The place is fun.B. The pay is good.C. The work is easy.听下面一段对话, 回答第14至17题。14. What is the woman doing?A. Doing a survey.B. Hosting a program.C. Forecasting the
7、weather.15. Which place experienced many thunderstorms last month?A. England. B. Wales. C. America.16. What should the normal temperature be in India at this time of year?A. 42 degrees. B. 45 degrees. C. 48 degrees.17. What is the weather like in Switzerland?A. It is extremely hot. B. It has strong
8、winds. C. It rains heavily.听下面一段独白, 回答第18至20题。18. What is the speaker?A. An environmental official. B. A program producer. C. A scientist.19. Where did the speaker do the task?A. In a boat. B. At a university. C. At a TV station.20. Why are the sharks returning?A. There is more food to eat.B. The wa
9、ter quality is better.C. Hunting is forbidden.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AI decided to ski to the North Pole.It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole.Back in 1996，there had
10、 never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge.I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds，so I sent off the application form.The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived.The words “Are you man enough
11、 for the ultimate(极限的) challenge？” made me angry and even more determined to get on the team.Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team，and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group.In one test，there was a huge rope ladder we had to cli
12、mb，and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights.I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past，leaving me behind.But two others helped me over，and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals，but great team players，and this moment had
13、 shown them who would take care of others in the team.I had revealed(显示) my weakness，and in a place like the Arctic，you have to be yourself，as there is nowhere to hide.These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.I realized that by being myself，I coul
14、d succeed.I was selected for the team.I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imaginedmore importantly，by sharing my story with others，I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.1. How did the author react to seeing the advertisement?A. She got
15、 cross.B. She was determined.C. She got frightened.D. She was hesitating.2. What did the organizers view as the most important in the selection of new hands?A. Personal quality.B. Individual ability.C. Spirit of teamwork.D. Courage to challenge.3. Whats the intention of the author in writing this pa
16、ssage?A. To inspire us to prepare for our future goal.B. To advise women how to turn to others.C. To make suggestions to her team members.D. To encourage people to explore the unknown.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者通过介绍自己参加北极滑雪队选拔测试的经历激励人们探索新世界，多展示自己的能力。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“I decided to ski to the
17、North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole.Back in 1996，there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge.（我在报纸上看到一则招聘参加滑行350英里去北极的滑雪队的广告后，我决定滑雪去北极。早在1996年，还没有一个英国女性能完成这项挑战）” 可知，作者在读到广
18、告之后，下决心去申请参加这项挑战，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals，but great team players，and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.”（后来我发现组织者寻找的不是优秀的个人，而是优秀的团队成员，这一时刻向他们展示谁会在团队中照顾其他人）”可知，组织者认为新人选拔中团队精神是最重要的，故选C。
19、【3题详解】推理判断题。根据作者对自己申请挑战和参加北极探险选拔测试的描述，尤其最后一段中“.I was selected for the team.I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imaginedmore importantly，by sharing my story with others，I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.”（我被选入了这个团队，我意识到我可以取得比我想象中更多的
20、成就。更重要的是，通过与他人分享我的故事，我可以激励他们向新世界迈出一步，展示出更多的能力）”可知，作者旨在通过与他人分享该故事，激励他们迈出一步，进入新的世界，展示他们更多隐藏的能力，故选D。BFor many of us，summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains，or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles.The extra dirt leads us to do one of two thin
21、gs：wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash.But which choice is better for the environment?The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt.Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car
22、 at home，says Katy Gresh，spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.She advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash.“Its just like brushing your teeth，”she says.“You dont want to leave the water running or use more th
23、an you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk：Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather.His organization works to educate the public about storm sewers(
24、下水道) and water runoff，keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny regions waterways.“We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的) surfaces where the water gets absorbed，”Schombert says.“Soil can break down and help filter(过滤) those things，”Schombert says
25、.“Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.”Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars，which Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding wastewater in storm sewers.According to t
26、he International Carwash Association(ICA)，professional car washes must use water reclamation systems.These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems，but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.4. What worries people
27、 when they have their cars washed?A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.B. Large quantities of water are wasted.C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.5. Whats the disadvantage of washing cars at home?A. It is not easy to deal with.B. It cann
28、ot clean the dirt completely.C. It consumes a larger amount of water.D. It does much damage to the environment.6. What can be the best title of the text?A. Do You Put Carwashing at Risk?B. Which Is Better：Car Wash or DIY?C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?D. Do Americans Use Less Water
29、than They Did Years Ago?【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪一种洗车方法对环境更有益处：在家还是去洗车公司。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt.(这两种选择的主要问题是所使用的淡水量和用于清除污垢的化学物质的类型。)”和“She advises car owners to
30、 put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash.( 她建议车主在整个清洗过程中预留一定数量的水。)”可推断，在外边洗车时，人们担心会浪费掉更多的水。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk：Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.(但即使遵循这一建议，也会带来环境风险：在车
31、道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟)”可知，在家洗车对环境造成很大的破坏。故选D。6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后两句“The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things：wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?(这些额外的脏东西会使我们做以下两件事之一：在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到
32、底哪个对环境更有益处。所以“Which Is Better：Car Wash or DIY?”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。CClassifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spam mail (垃圾邮件), false political news. When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learninghaving the computer learn,
33、using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data photos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether a certain data is positive or negative.Howe
34、ver, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer (零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have
35、 purchased from them (positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them (negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors data.According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could
36、not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using o
37、ur new method, we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”According to Ishida, “This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classifi
38、cation technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints (限制). In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and bio
39、informatics.”7. How can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data?A. By learning the classification boundary.B. By updating the data collected regularly.C. By separating happy faces and sad ones.D. By introducing classification technology.8. Why is the example mentioned in Pa
40、ragraph 2?A. To prove how important the positive data are.B. To confirm that data on customers are complete.C. To argue that retailers get their competitors data.D. To explain why negative data are hard to acquire.9. What do the underlined words “new method” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Analyzing buyi
41、ng intention.B. Building a confidence score.C. Assessing the active rate of app users.D. Equipping the computer with confidence.10. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The History of Classification TechnologyB. Smarter AI: Machine Leaning without Negative DataC. Bigger Data: Computers Assis
42、ting Language ProcessingD. The Comparison between Positive Data and Negative Data【答案】7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。分类对我们的日常生活至关重要，计算机一旦学会了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某个数据是正的还是负的。这项技术的困难之处在于，在学习过程中，它既需要正的数据，也需要负的数据，而负的数据在很多情况下是不可用的。但是一项研究表明，在没有负数据的情况下，只要我们对正数据有一个信心评分，我们就可以让计算机只使用正数据来学习从而进行分类。【7题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“. On
43、ce a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether a certain data is positive or negative.”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某项数据是正的还是负的。所以计算机通过学习分类界限区分正负数据。故A选项正确。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“ For instance, when a retailer (零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find da
44、ta on customers who have purchased from them (positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them (negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors data.”可知，例如，当零售商试图预测谁将购买商品时，他们可以很容易从购买他们的商品的客户那里获得数据（正数据），但基本上不可能从未从他们那里购买过的
45、商品的客户那里获得数据（负数据），因为他们无法访问竞争对手的数据。所以为什么提到第2段中的例子是为了解释为什么很难获得负数据。故D选项正确。【9题详解】词义猜测题。由第三段“as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let computers learn a classifier onl
46、y from positive data equipped with confidence.”可知，只要我们对我们的正数据有一个信心评分，这个得分是由购买意向或应用程序用户的活跃率等信息构成的。使用我们的新方法，我们可以让计算机只从有信心的正数据中学习分类。 第3段下划线的new method 指的是 Building a confidence score“建立信心评分”。故B选项正确。【10题详解】标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as l
47、ong as we have a confidence score for our positive data”可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要，计算机一旦学会了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某个数据是正的还是负的。这项技术的困难之处在于，在学习过程中，它既需要正的数据，也需要负的数据，而负的数据在很多情况下是不可用的。但是一项研究表明，在没有负数据的情况下，只要我们对正数据有一个信心评分，我们就可以让计算机只使用正数据来学习从而进行分类。所以短文的最佳标题为“聪明的人工智能：“在没有负数据的情况下，机器也能够学习从而进行分类”。故B选项正确。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If youre going abroad for college, you might be thinking about how to get yourself a safe and cozy home for the years ahead. Of course, dormitories are always a good place to start, but some l
