1、必修2重点语法汇总Unit4will和be going to用法区别：1. will的用法（will是情态动词，后接动词原形。常表示依据直觉、知识、经验等做出的揣测）will表将来存在的状态、将要发生的动作或将来的经常性、习惯性动作，常与时间状语next week, tomorrow等连用。例：They will be doctors 5 years later. 五年后，他们将成为医生。Each time he comes to the city on business, he will visit his English teacher. 每次来这个城市出差，他都会拜访他的英语老师。I w
2、ill go to Britain next week. 下星期我要去英国。事物固有的属性、特征或发展的必然趋势。例：It will become warm when spring comes. 当春天来临时，天气将变暖。Fish will die without water. 鱼儿离开水会死。说话时临时做出的决定。I hear Jim was injured in a car accident. He is in hospital now. 听说吉姆在一场交通事故中受伤了，现在在医院。Then I will go to see him. 那我这就去看他。表示请求和邀请，常用于第二人称。Wil
3、l you come in and have a drink? 你愿意进来喝一杯吗？说话者对未来作出语言和揣测。You will be all right after taking this medicine. 吃过这药你就会好了。可以表意愿、意图、自愿或坚持做某事。Hell take you home. You only have to ask. 他愿意送你回家，你只要跟他说一声就行。be going to的用法（打算，将要）事先经过考虑或准备，打算最近或将来要做的事。What are you going to be when you grow up? 等你长大，你想要成为什么？根据现在的迹
4、象，预计要发生的事。The old man is so weak, he is going to die. 老人如此虚弱，他活不长了。will与be going to表将来时的区别be going to可用于表将来时的条件状语从句中，而will不行。错误：If you will play basketball, you have to finish your homework first. 正确：If you are going to play basket, you have to finish your homework first. will可以用在带有条件状语从句的主句中表将来，而be
5、 going to不行。错误：If it is fine, we are going to go camping.正确：If it is fine, we will go camping.be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则更远一些。He is going to writhe a letter tonight. 他打算今晚写封信。He will write a book one day. 他打算将来写本书。will临时决定要做的事，be going to事先考虑要做的事。Why are you taking it out? 干嘛要把它拿出来？Im goi
6、ng to wash it. 我想把它洗一洗。Where is the telephone book? 电话簿在哪里？Ill get it for you. 我去给你拿。虚拟语气if条件句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去时（be动词一般用were）”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If I saw him now, I would be very happy. 如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去完成时”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词
7、”。If he had followed my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. 如果他当时接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去时或should/were to+动词原形”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”。If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos. 如果明天下雪，我们就照相。混合虚拟语气：主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据所指的不同时
8、间选择各自适当的形式。If he hadnt hurt his leg in the last training, he would join in the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次训练中他的腿没受伤的话，他会参加他渴望已久的世界杯。含蓄虚拟语气：有时为了表达的需要，假设的情况并不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过but for, without, otherwise, or等介词、副词暗含在上下文中。But for your help, it would have caused a serio
9、us loss. 要不是你的帮助，将会导致巨大损失。若条件从句中有were, had, should，可把if省略，把were, had, should放在主句前，形成倒装。Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. 如果你听了我打建议，你就不会考试不及格了。其他从句中的虚拟语气在名词性从句中，表示命令，建议，要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。即一坚持insist；二命令order, command；三建议suggest, propose, advise；五要求require, request
10、, demand, desire, urge + that+主语+(should) do。He insisted that he (should) be sent here. 他坚持他应该被派去那里。suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词的标语从句，同位语从句要用虚拟语气。wish后面所跟的宾语从句的虚拟语气对现在事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+动词过去式或wereI wish I knew where he lives. 我要是知道他住在什么地方就好了。对过去事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+ had + 过去分词This watc
11、h has gone wrong, I wish I had bought a better make. 这只表坏了，我真希望我买的是好点的牌子。对将来事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+ would + 动词原形I wish you wouldnt leave your clothes all over the floor. 我真希望你不把衣服丢的满地都是。would rather的虚拟语气，表示“宁愿，但愿”。Id rather you set out earlier tomorrow morning. 我宁愿你明天早晨早点出发。It is (high/about) time (that) 的
12、虚拟语气Its high time that you went to bed. 该是你睡觉的时间了。if only引导的虚拟语气，表示愿望。If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。as if从句，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气.She talked it again and again as if she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事，好像永远也谈不完。Unit5在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一部分作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、
13、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九类。时间状语从句：主要由when, whenever, after, before, as, (ever)since, as soon as, (not) until, while, immediately, the moment等连词引导。when, while, as（当时）的用法区别当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作，从句中的谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以互换。例：I got the news on the radio when/while as/ I was having breakfast. 当主，从句的谓语动词都表示非持续性动作，而且两个动作几
14、乎同时发生时，不用while, 可用when和as。例：I met as/when I was getting off the bus.当从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，只能用when引导从句，不可用as或while。例：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.当主句谓语动词是be doing/be about to do/had done时只能用when, when在此时相当于and at that moment就在那时。例：They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the
15、 lights went out.当主、从句的动作同时发生时，或表示对比关系，用while。例：She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.as表示“随着”例：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.1. 表示“一就”的结构Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan和as soon as例：I had hardly/scarcely got home, when it beg
16、an to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.比较until和tilluntil/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。例：We shall wait until/till he comes.not until/till表
17、示“直到才”，主句通常要用短暂性动词，这时until和till可用before代替。例：I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语，谓语要使用倒装语序。例：Not until she stopped crying did I leave.注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。2. 名词词组引导的时间状语从句，如：every time（每次），the next time（下次），the moment（一就），the instant（一就），the secon
18、d（一就），the day（那天）等。I didnt have a penny the last time I saw you.3. since和before的用法比较：两者均可用于“It + be+since/before+从句”的句型。区别是since表“自从以来”，其结构是：It is/has been some time since sb. did sth.; It was some time since sb. had done sth.。而before的含义是“过了多久才”，结构是：It will be some time before sb. do(es) sth.; It wa
19、s/had been some time before sb. did sth.。例：It is three years since he joined the army.让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, as, while, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whetheror, no matter(who, what, etc), even if, even though等词或短语引导。althoug
20、h/though这两个词意思是一样，都意为“虽然，尽管”。although比though正式。although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。而while突出主句和从句的对比。例：Although/Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.even if, even though这两个词语气比though, although强，意为“即使”，两者可以通用。例：We wont be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times.however,
21、whatever, whenever, wherever相当于no matter(how, what, when, where, etc)，这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.连词as同though一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。例：Children as he is, he knows a lot.原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now(that), considering that
22、, seeing that等。because, since, as, for的区别because语气最强，表示产生某结果的直接原因，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开，在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because。例：You shouldnt get angry only because some people speak ill of you.since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，语气比because弱。例：Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. as表示的理由最
23、弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。例：As you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.注意：because不能与so连用now(that)（既然，因为），considering that, seeing that（鉴于的事实，考虑到），in that（在于，由于）例：Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash
24、 your hands.目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。in order that与so that表示“为了，以便，”一般放在主句之后，in order that也可放在句首。从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。例：I will speak slowly so that you can understand.注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转
25、换成相对应的动词不定式结构。例：We got up early so that we would arrive in time.=We got up early so as to arrive in time.in case, for fear that都表示“以免，以防，唯恐”，含有否定意义。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that, sothat, suchthat等。结果状语从句经常至于主句之后。1. so that, such that
26、。其中so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中；such that可以连用，意思是“如此以至于”。例：What has happened that you look so worried?2. sothat如此以至于。其引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：so+形容词/副词+that从句例：The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句例：It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.so+ many/few
27、+复数名词+that从句例：I have had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.so+ much/little+不可数名词+that从句例：I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.3. suchthat如此以至于。其引导的结果状语从句有以下三种结构：such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.such+ 形容词
28、+复数名词+that从句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.提示：“such +a/an+形容词+单数名词”结构，可以和“so+ 形容词+a/an+ 单数名词”结构互换。例：He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.注意：有些时间，地点，条件，方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是
29、be）省略掉。Unit6介词和介词短语介词(preposition)又叫前置词，通常至于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词的用法比较灵活，搭配比较复杂。近几年高考常考介词的词义辨析，介词与名词的搭配，介词与动词的搭配及习惯表达中的介词。介词的种类英语中最常用的介词可分为以下几类：1. 简单介词。如：through, towards, at, in, of, by, about, for, from, except, since, near, with, above, across, after, agai
30、nst, among, around等。2. 复合介词。如：within, inside, outside, onto, into, throughout, without, as to等。3. 介词短语。如：in front of, by means of, on behalf of, in spite of, by way of, in favor of, in regard to, according to, because of, on account of等。4. 双重介词。如：from among, from inside, from behind, from under, til
31、l after等。5. 由分词变来的介词。如：including, considering, concerning, following等。常用介词1. at主要表示方向，场所，时间的某一点。如：at the corner of the street, at dinner, at six miles an hour, point at等。表示动作，感情的原因，意思是“因而；一听到（看到，想到）就”。At the boys remark, the bookseller looked at him curiously. 听到男孩的话，卖书人好奇的看着他。固定搭配：at daybreak, at o
32、ne time, at the beginning of, at the post office, at the airport, at dawn, at the weekend, at the age of, at the same time, at birth, at present, at any time, at a time等。2. on表示在上面，根据，有关或涉及的方面，某天。on the day, on Sunday, on your birthday等。一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at， 如圣诞节at Christmas, 复活节at Easter等。on+名词，动名词结构
33、可表示“一就”。On arriving home, I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。固定搭配：on doing sth., on the afternoon of October 1, on Tuesday evening, on foot, hit sb. on the head, on the left/right等。3. to主要表示方向，程度，结果，关系和位置。a move to the left, from first to last等。与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。to ones surprise/joy/ast
34、onishment/delight/annoyance/shame等。固定搭配：key to, come up to, add up to, be open to, to the point, thanks to, suitto, refer to, dance to, object to等。4. with和，带有。with their family, a man with a suitcase. 表示方式，伴随，原因等。with time passing, with her eyes closed, with fear固定搭配：with your nose in the air, with
35、pride等。5. by表示时间，程度，数量，方式等。by ten oclock, by three inches, by ship, by the pound表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。By my watch, the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。固定搭配：by oneself, by chance, by hand, by then等。6. of表示部分与全体的关系，所有关系，来源和所用的材料。a friend of mine, a wall of stone与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于对应的形容词。of + great/much +
36、 抽象名词 = very + 形容词；of + no + 抽象名词 = not+形容词。a great of, of no use等。It is of great/much value. = It is very valuable.固定搭配：rob sb. of sth., be fond of, make fun of等。介词短语介词短语的构成介词+名词/代词，如：The headmaster lives near the school. 校长住在学校附近。介词+动名词短语或其复合结构，如：He is interested in swimming. 他对游泳感兴趣。介词+从句，如：We ar
37、e discussing about how to study English well. 我们在讨论怎样学好英语。1. 介词短语在句中的成分作主语/表语/宾语，如：The dog came out from behind the tree. 狗从树后出来。作定语/补语/状语，如：She is a woman of strong character. 她是位性格坚强的女人。易混介词的用法辨析on, at与in的区别三个介词如果指时间概念，on可以用在具体的某一天的前面，at用在具体的时刻前面，in用在时间段的前面。besides与except的区别besides表示“除外（还有）”；excep
38、t表示“（只有）除外”；except for“除了”，表示排除的部分与前面内容是不同类别的。except that后跟从句。We enjoyed the party for the loud music. 除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩的很开心。There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我之外，还有三位游客。in, to与on的区别表示在某范围之内用in，表示在某范围之外用to，表示“相邻，接壤”时用on.across, through, past, over与along的区别across指从一个平面上“横穿”或“在对面”。through指从人群
39、或物体内部穿过，或抽象意义上的通过。past表示“从旁边经过”。over指从物体的上方“横越”或“跨越”。along表示“沿着”线，道路，小道等前行。for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. = Sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质，特征时，用of。常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。Its kind of the teachers to
40、help support the poor students. 资助那些贫困生的老师们真善良。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有：important, necessary, possible, impossible等。It is quite important for us to protect our environment. 对我们来说，保护环境很重要。about, on, of关于on多用于慎重的，正式的语言交际场合。常见于学术上的“论文”或“演说”等题目。about表示内容多为普遍的，不那么正式的。of
41、作“关于”讲，表示提及，涉及某人（事），常与动词know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell等连用。常见介词短语1. according to 根据，按照2. as a result of 由于，作为的结果3. as far as 就而论4. at the mercy of 任由摆布5. at the sight of 看到6. by means of 用，依靠，借助于7. by way of 途径8. because of 因为，由于9. due to 由于10. in addition to 除了之外（还）11. in case of 如果，假设1
42、2. in celebration of 为庆祝13. in need of 需要14. in search of 寻求，试图发现15. in place of 代替16. in charge of 主管，掌管17. in spite of 尽管18. in time of 在时刻19. in a state of 处于状况中20. in favor of 赞同21. in honor of 向表示敬意22. instead of 代替23. in memory of 为纪念24. in relation to 关于，涉及25. on account of 因为，由于26. owing to 因为27. thanks to 多亏28. under the name of 以的名义29. under the control of 在的支配下30. within the reach of 在力所能及的范围内
