1、上海市张堰中学2021届高三下学期第二次教学质量调研英语试卷学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use
2、one word that best fits each blank.We Must Act Now to Protect Our Threatened OceansLast week, climate strikers young and old came out in force to call upon the government to act with greater urgency in tackling the global climate emergency.They _1_ very well feel a need to step up their demands upon
3、 hearing the awful findings of the special report on the ocean and cryosphere（低温层）in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by the International Panel on Climate Change. The report highlighted the intimate connections which exist between our climate, our oceans and our very existence. It presente
4、d the scientific evidence _2_ our warming climate is placing marine and frozen areas of our planet in grave danger, with some changes happening at a much larger scale and faster rate than previously _3_ (predict).Urgent action is needed _4_ we are to keep our planet and our oceans safe and habitable
5、. This requires _5_ (ambition) targets to reduce our carbon emissions and to shift our energy system away from polluting fossil fuels towards 100% renewable energies. Change is also needed in international cooperation around _6_ our oceans are protected.It is hoped that early next year UN member sta
6、tes _7_ (sign) a strong global ocean treaty that could pave the way for the creation of marine sanctuaries（禁猎区）, _8_ (place) at least 30% of oceans off limits to human activities such as commercial fishing and oil and gas exploration. This is a crucial step towards restoring marine ecosystems and se
7、curing a sustainable future for those _9_ livelihoods depend on our oceans.The government has been a vocal champion for ocean conservation. Now is the time for Britain _10_ (turn) political will into decisive action by leading the way with a new global ocean treaty. The prime minsters direct involve
8、ment could make the difference between a watered-down agreement or a powerful one.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.AapplauseBbackedCconditionsDcreativeE. emphasisF. f
9、ixG. levelH. loyalI. passJ. rewardsK. suspendedKick-starter-funding successKick-starter is an online crowdfunding platform. It is an Internet space where entrepreneurs can _11_ the need for traditional investors such as banks or venture capitalists, and instead gather together a group of financial b
10、ackers from among members of the public.The project creators _12_ the amount they want to raise and then set a deadline by which to do this. If the amount is not reached by the designated time, then no funds are collected from backers. The projects themselves tend to be in the _13_ sphere-technology
11、 and design, music and dance, film and theatre, the arts and publishing. Co-funder, Perry Chen, describes the system as a mixture of patronage and commerce: that is to say, the supporters for the project may simply benefit from the knowledge that they have _14_ something worthwhile or they may benef
12、it in some more concrete and commercial way. For example, a project to start a womens history magazine in Sweden offered funders a range of _15_ from a big thank you and shout out on Facebook to a full page advertisement in the magazine, depending on the _16_ of their contribution.Unlike some other
13、crowdfunding sites, Kick-starter requires no ownership or stake in the project itself; they simply take a five per cent fee on the total amount of money raised. In this way it leaves the creator in control of the their own success. The _17_ it places on the project owners-that the project is origina
14、l, genuine and realizable-are largely based on trust, and projects have been occasionally _18_ which are not honest or feasible.Kick-starter has been a witness to many such successes. To date, nearly $2 billion has been raised through its efforts, and several film and theatre projects have enjoyed c
15、ritical _19_ . Perhaps as important as the funding that enables the project to get off the ground is the _20_ community of followers that each project then takes with them.三、完形填空Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly cant ask animals if they dream, but we can at least _21_ the evi
16、dence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly _22_ task. One is to look at their physical behaviour during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains. The story of
17、how we _23_ how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out _24_ in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep(rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralysed. Resea
18、rchers realised that causing a similar state in _25_ could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cats brain _26_ it becoming paralysed when in REM. The researchers called the
19、 condition REM without atonia or REM-AInstead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of _27_ from their waking hours. _28_ movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now _29_ look into the electrical and chemi
20、cal activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the
21、activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during _30_ and during REM. _31_ , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while the
22、y were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats precise _32_ within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze. Does the behaviour of cats in science experiments actually _33_ dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that
23、they re running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of _34_ that the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what its actually like to _35_ a dream if you re not human remains a m
24、ystery.21AforeseeBcoverCstrengthenDobserve22AdisconnectedBendlessCuncomfortableDimpossible23Amade forBtook overCworked outDturned down24AdialoguesBidealsCmovementsDmeanings25AanimalsBdreamsChumansDchanges26AimaginedBpreventedCappreciatedDwitnessed27AdisastersBactivitiesCsuccessesDfailures28APhysical
25、BAccidentalCHarmoniousDIndependent29ArandomlyBreluctantlyCunconsciouslyDhumanely30AsleepingBrunningCrecordingDstudying31ATo sum upBBy comparisonCFor exampleDIn other words32AlocationBpredictionCmomentDnature33Aaccount forBrely onCqualify asDdiffer from34AdoubtBcertaintyCspecificationDmemory35Aexplai
26、nBexploreCexperienceDexperiment四、阅读理解To hear people talk about Internet friendships, you would think it was one giant web of cat-fishing and e-crime. While we all undoubtedly have to take measures to remain safe online, assuming every friendship or connection made on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook i
27、s cheating or insincere would be a mistake.As a woman who works in the creative industry, I have found real joy in seeking out a community I couldnt find elsewhere, and making some great friends along the way. My first online friendship was on Twitter with my(now) best friend, during the university
28、exam period. We exchanged study notes in dozens of direct messages, set a study date, and havent looked back since.Drawn to each other by similar circumstances, friendships online are similar to offline in that they tend to begin because of shared interest or common ground-maybe theyve read the post
29、 on Instagram. Maybe they have the same taste in food or politics. Or maybe they just love memes too. If online friendships start similar to friendships offline, they grow in the same way, too. Often through mutual support: apart from calling a friend to congratulate him on that new job, you also re
30、-tweet his jokes and praise his Instagram story.Despite my positive experiences when I tell people, most are still suspicious. Eyebrows are raised higher when I explain not only have I found a community online but have made friendships with people I meet face-to-face too. Actually, these are just as
31、 valid as other friendships, according to behavioural psychologist Jo Hemmings, who says online friendships can be real.So how do you know if people are there for the real you or just because youre popular on Instagram? Hemmings has simple rules. She tells me, “You have to equally feel comfortable t
32、hat youre getting something of each other instead of being used to enable something that isnt friendship.”Therefore, if all a “friend” online is asking you to do is to promote their work or personal brand and rarely takes an interest in you, then there may be room to question the basis of the friend
33、ship. On that note it is worth remembering that just because someone has a lot of followers, it doesnt necessarily mean they have lots of friends.36What is most peoples attitude towards online friendship?ANegative.BPositive.CObjective.DNeutral.37Why does the writer share her own experience in paragr
34、aph 2?ATo introduce the background information of the text.BTo convey the writers attitude and give the related example.CTo prove the likely risk for people to develop friendship online.DTo remind people of the various benefits of making friends online.38How can online and offline friendships be dee
35、pened?AThey should be based on shared interest.BThey need to have common ground.CThey require support from each other.DThey cant live without social media.39According to the author, whats the golden rule to make friends online?AA friend to all is a friend to none.BWithout confidence there is no frie
36、ndship.CA friend without faults will never be found.DFriendship cannot stand always on one side.Spanish-American InstituteStudent Cub NotesFree and Low Cost Gyms, Health Clubs and PoolsNYC Department of Parks Recreation Centerswww.nycgovparks.orgRecreation Centers: TheNYC Department of Parks has man
37、y Recreation Centers throughoutNew York City. Recreation Centers offer a wide range offreeandmembershipprograms and services. Some have indoor swimming pools. Almost all have weight rooms, basketball courts, dance studios, boxing rings, art studios, game rooms, etc.All Recreation Centers offer a wid
38、e range of programs such as aerobics, dance, tai chi, fencing, computer classes, and art. Many programs are free and open to the general public but many require membership.You do not need to be aNew York Cityresident to use aRecreationCenter. You may use your annual membership at any and all Centers
39、. Use one near the Spanish-American Institute and then use one near your home.Costs: Freeandmembershipprograms. Standardannualmembership is$50for Recreation Centers and$75for Recreation Centers with pools. (Do you know anyone 55 and older? The senior membership is only$10a year.)Standard annual memb
40、ership provides scheduled access to the gym, pool, and all the other facilities. Instructor-led courses such as aerobics, martial arts, music, or yogamayrequire an additional fee.Membership and Program Information: Go tothewww.nycgovparks.orghome page. On the “Facilities” menu, click on “Recreation
41、Centers.” On the “Recreation Centers” page, you will find information about membership and fees. You will also see links to Recreation Facilities by borough (Bronx, Brooklyn,Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island).On the “Facilities” menu, you may also want to check out other NYC Department of Parks f
42、acilities such as beaches, ice skating rinks, nature centers, running tracks, soccer fields, etc.Recreation Centers: There are several Parks Department Recreation Centers ineachborough. After you go to the “Recreation Centers” page and click on a borough, you will find a list of the centers in that
43、borough with their addresses, phone numbers, and web links. The list will look like that forManhattanbelow. Click on the link for a particular Center to learn more about its services, schedules, and programs.40What special benefits can an annual member of Recreation Centers enjoy?AHaving access to a
44、ll the facilities all year.BExperiencing all programs and services free.CTaking free Instructor-led courses.DUsing only the center near your home free.41If your parents and grandparents (both over sixty) want to get the memberships, how much will they pay?AAt least $20.BAt least $120.CAt least $180.
45、DAt least $220.42You will probably fail to find _ onthewww.nycgovparks.orghome page.Athe cost for various membershipsBthe locations of recreations centersCthe staff and provided servicesDthe facilities, phones and web linksThere will eventually come a day when the New York Times ceases to publish st
46、ories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia (怀旧) for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to abandon print. The infrastructure (基础设施) required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, d
47、elivery trucks isnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial restrictions. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still overshadow their online and mobile counterparts, revenue (收入) from print is still declining.Cost may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says t
