1、 2018级高二下期开学考试英语试题第卷 第一部分 听力（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. When will the woman go to San Francisco? A. In June. B. In July.C. In August. 2. How many students come to school on foot? A. 10.B. 20.C. 25.3. How
2、much will the man pay? A. $5.B. $8.C. $10.4. Where are the speakers? A. At home.B. At a restaurant.C. In a movie theater.5. What does the mans mother want him to do? A. Visit her. B. Give her a lift. C. Drop off some mail for her. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独
3、白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the man want the girl to do? A. Go to bed.B. Take a shower.C. Smell herself.7. Why can the girl smell the man? A. He needs a bath. B. He wears perfume. C. His clothes are dirty. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What does the woman usua
4、lly do in the morning? A. Watch TV. B. Read online news. C. Read the newspaper.9. How does the woman watch movies most often? A. She rents them. B. She goes to a theater. C. She downloads them. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Who does the woman want to speak to? A. Mr. Grist.B. Ms. Grist.C. Ms. Jones.11. What
5、will the woman do in the afternoon? A. Go swimming. B. Attend a meeting. C. Shop for some clothes.12. When will the speakers meet? A. At 1:00 this afternoon. B. At 3:00 this afternoon. C. At 3:00 on Thursday.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Whats the main reason the man wont fix the printer? A. He has no time.B
6、. He doesnt know how to fix it.C. Hed prefer to buy a new one.14. Why did the woman have to use the printer at the library? A. It was cheaper.B. She works there.C. The man made their printer worse.15. Who is Jerry? A. A printer salesman.B. The womans brother.C. Someone who fixes printers.16. What do
7、 the speakers decide to do in the end? A. Ask Jerry to fix their printer.B. Read the instructions again.C. Let Tom have a look at the printer.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. How did Heather learn about surfing? A. From her father. B. From a website. C. From her friend Diego.18. When did Heather buy her first
8、board? A. After her first day. B. After six months. C. A year later.19. At what time of day did Heather see the shark? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon.C. At night. 20. How did Heather feel at the end of the story? A. Scared.B. Free. C. Grateful. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节 满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列
9、短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答读卡上将 该项涂黑。ACan you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. Peop
10、le cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).As far back as 172
11、6, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for th
12、ose only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown
13、man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. The skull (头骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that
14、 it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. Though we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.21What does the underlined phrase “with a gra
15、in of salt” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Happily. B. Doubtfully C. Generally. D. Completely.22What is the reason why Johann Beringer was fooled?A. His colleagues were jealous of him and did so to destroy his fame.B. His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him.C. His workmates are eager to become famou
16、s too.D. These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness.23The excited scientists thought that this Piltdown man _.A. was in fact a complex hoaxB. was a great scientific inventionC. had the skull like that of an apeD. contributed to the theory of evolution BAs more and more people speak the
17、global language of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will be likely to die out by the next century, according the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
18、(UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations-UNESCO and National Geographic among them-have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in th
19、e languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starti
20、ng point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important
21、 materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes-which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project-Turin has started a campaign
22、to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to schools but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages
23、 can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.24. Which of the following best describes Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.25. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to.A. having detai
24、led records of the languagesB. writing books on language usersC. telling stories about language speakersD. living with the native speakers26. What is Turins book based on?A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience
25、 in Nepal.27. Many scholars are making efforts to.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for languages communitiesD. set up language research organizations CDespite the anxiety that Jones Hostsaid by some to be the first digital novelcaused in 1993, publishers werent to
26、o concerned that e-books would one day replace printed books. However, that attitude was changed suddenly in 2007 when Amazons Kindle came onto the market, which led to e-book sales jumping up to 1,260%. Since then, e-books popularity has continued to rise steadily. The publishing industry seemed to
27、 have lost all possible ability to regain its position. Will printed books eventually become a thing of the past?According to Mike Shatzkin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual. “Not so unusual that a kid will s
28、ay, Mommy, whats that? but unusual enough that on the train youll see one or two people reading something printed, while everyone else is reading off of a tablet.” And Shatzkin believes that the de mise of print is sure to happen, though such a day wont arrive for perhaps 50 to 100 or more years.Rob
29、ert Stein, founder of the Institute for the Future of the Book, however, believes that books wont disappear entirely, at least not anytime soon. “Print will exist, but it will be in a different field and will appeal to a very limited audience, as poetry does today. Like woodblock printing, hand-proc
30、essed film and folk weaving (编织), printed pages may assume an artisticvalue,” he says. He imagines that future forms of books might be developed not by traditional publishers but by the gaming industry. He also predicts that the distinction between writer and reader will be made less obvious by a so
31、cial reading experience in which authors and consumers can digitally interact with each other to discuss any passage, sentence or line.Is there anything we risk sacrificing, should print really disappear entirely? According to Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Reading and Language Research a
32、t Tufts University, electronic reading can negatively affect the way the brain responds to text, including reading comprehension, focus and the ability to maintain attention to details like plot and order of events. “My worry is that well have a short-circuited reading brain, excellent for gathering
33、 information but not necessarily for forming critical, analytical deep reading skills,” Wolf says.The field, however, is in an early stage, and findings about the negative effects of e-reading are far from certain. In light of this, Wolf hopes that we continue to maintain a “bi-literate” societyone
34、that values both the digital and printed word. “A full reading brain circuit is a huge contribution to the intellectual development of our species. Anything that threatens it deserves our attention.”28. According to Robert Stein, paper books will exist because of.A. the digital interactionB. the art
35、istic valueC. the traditional designD. the growing popularity29. The underlined word “demise” in Paragraph 2 probably means.A. riseB. growthC. deathD. popularity30. It can be concluded from the last two paragraphs that Wolf holds that.A. e-reading will strengthen the power of our brainB. digital boo
36、ks and paper books should not co-existC. e-reading will make us more critical and thoughtfulD. we should not risk losing a full reading brain circuit31. How did publishers feel about the rising e-book sales inspired by the Kindle?A. ExcitedB. .Worried.C. Curious.D. Skeptical.D Scientists are debatin
37、g how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generati
38、ons. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species of plants and animals that are destructive to other species.In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academi
39、es of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released into the wild.Sixteen biologists, ethicists(伦理学家) and policymakers are on
40、 an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying disea
41、ses. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction(繁殖).Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. T
42、hey cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a countrys borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or ev
43、en lead to their disappearance from our planet.32 What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have? A. Making all the species more productive and stronger. B. Changing the Zika virus permanently.C. Removing the destructive species for ever.D. Having changed genes in their ne
44、xt generations.33Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Scientists are not sure what exact results gene modification leads to.B. Scientists wont modify any genes before they make the final decision.C. Gene modification has benefited some farm animals and agricultural plants.D
45、. Scientists have not applied gene modification to wild animals and plants in case of possible danger.34What can be the best title for the passage?A. Stop research on gene controlB. Power and danger of gene controlC. How to change genetic structureD. Advantages of gene control in wild animals and pl
46、ants35.As for genetically changed wild animals and plants ,what are scientists worried about?A. Their genes may spread to later generations.B. They may be more productive.C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.D. They may become weaker or die out.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入
47、空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 36 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 37 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to
