1、Grammar Focus(P77)1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时构成：构成：had过去分词过去分词2.过去完成时可以表示过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或或某一动作之前完成的动作某一动作之前完成的动作或或呈现呈现的状态的状态。也就是说发生在。也就是说发生在“过去的过去的过去过去”。6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 现在现在By the time I got up,my sister had already washed all the clothes.By the time I got outside,the bushad already le
2、ft.The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.(1)She has taught English for 6 years.(2)“Where is Susan”“She has gone to America”.表示过去某时发表示过去某时发生的动作，这动生的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。也可能还在进行。(1)She said she had 表示过去某表示过去某taught English for 时之前发生时之前发生6 years.的动作。的动作。(2)By the t
3、ime I got to London,she had gone to America.现在完成时现在完成时:主语主语+have/has done过去完成时过去完成时:主语主语+had done由时间状语来判定?一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点过去的时间点。如如:I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（2）by the end of+过去的时间点过去的时间点。如如:We had learn
4、ed over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before+过去的时间点过去的时间点。如如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(4).for.He had waited there for three hours by that time.(5).since.He had always stayed in his office since that morning.(6).by the timeBy the time he was twe
5、lve,Edison had begun to make a living byhimself.(7).whenWhen the police arrived,the thieves had run away.When my mother got home，I had already done 10 maths problems.(8).afterAfter he had finished his homework,he went to bed.(9).“宾语从句宾语从句”或或“间接引语间接引语”。The teacher asked if we had finished doing our h
6、omework.He said that he had visited the place twice.主语+had+过去分词v-pp.(done)?肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+had+过去分词过去分词.?否定句：主语否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词过去分词.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,主语主语+had.?否定回答：否定回答：No,主语主语+hadnt.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑一般疑问句（问句（Had+主语主语+过去分词）？过去分词）？?被动语态：主语被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+
7、been+过去分词过去分词Translation1.我到家时她已经睡了。我到家时她已经睡了。By the time I got home,she had already gone to bed.3.他走以后我找到了那封信。他走以后我找到了那封信。I found the letter after he had gone away.4.我们到电影院晚了我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。电影已经开始了。We reached the cinema late.The film had already begun.5.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。We found tha
8、t somebody had broken our window.6.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。错误。I soon realized that I had made a serious mistake.7.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。I didnt go because I had already seen the film.8.他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿的选择是对的。的选择是对的。After he checked out all the information,he believed
9、 his daughter had made a good decision.汉译英?1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。By yesterday evening,he had read the text three times.?3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。十点钟前，我们到达了车站。We had got to the station before 10:00.?4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。?He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school.?5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。When we got to the cinema,the film had been on for five minutes.?6.我听说他住那五年了。我听说他住那五年了。I heard he had lived there for five years.Thanks forlistening!
