1、 P19重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织； organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school _organized_ a spring outing.2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill.3). China has joined World Trade _organization_.4). He is the _organ
2、izer_ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化；
3、simplified: a 被简化的。Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is simple_ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while _simplified_ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _simply_ a ques
4、tion of procedure.4). The _simplification_ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于， tend to do sthe.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.Or old people tend to get fatter.6. managerial: a 经理
5、的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论； argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事； argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事。e.g. 1. The young couple always argue with each other over their child”s educ
6、ation.2. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.旅行8. define: v 给下定义； definition: n 定义9. profitability: n 赚钱， 获利由此我们可以联想到：profit: n 利润； profitable: a 有利可图的, 有好处的；profitless: a 没有利润的。1). He has made a _profit_ from running a small restaurant.2). The deal was _profitable_ to all of us.3)
7、. They valued profitability_ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.10. correctness: n 正确性； 字根：correct: a 正确的； v 纠正， correction: n 纠正； incorrect: a 不正确的。11. unintended: a 非计划中的，由此我们可以联想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention: n ； intend
8、ed: a 计划中的重点单词、词组详讲1. interview: n/v 采访、面试；interviewer: n 采访者； interviewee: n 被采访者e.g. 1. Whos the most famous person youve ever interviewed on TV?2. In a TV interview last night, she denied she had any intention of resigning.2. criticism: n 批评，评论； criticize: v 批评； critical: a 批评的、挑剔的、关键的；critic: n
9、评论家, 请填填看。1 He is a literary _ critic _.2 We are at a _ critical _time in our history.3 He cant take _ criticism _ _.4 The boy was _ criticized _ by his father for being late for school.Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized3. indifference: n 冷漠、漠不关心；indifferent: a 冷漠的，反义词：enthusiastic: 热情
10、的cf: different: a 不同的，名词：difference; 反义词：same.4. inefficiency: n 无效，由此联想得到：efficient: a 高效率的； efficiency: n inefficient: a 低效率的5. conservative: a 保守的、保存的； conserve: v 保存； 蜜饯conservation: n 6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申请某物e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.7. take the trouble to do sth
11、: 不辞劳苦、费力地做某事e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what I was saying, youd know what I was talking about.8. put oneself in somebodys place: 设身处地If you put yourself in your mothers place, you will understand why she is so worried about you.9. in hand: 手头上有，进行中Ive got enough money in hand to buy a
12、 new car.10. turn down: 调小，降低，拒绝Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.He turned down the job because the pay isnt good enough.Learn new words and phrases1. astronomer: n 天文学家；astronomy: n 天文学2.explode: v 爆炸,由此联想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸药；explosion: n 爆炸1). When the bomb_exploded_, many people were
13、 seriously wounded.2). The unexpected _explosion_ frightened the little girl.3). It might be possible to convert _ explosive _ energy into heat.Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive3. density: n 密度；联想产生：dense: a 密度大的，反义词：sparse; densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的1). The
14、 _dense_ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction.2). The business area of the city is _densely_ populated.3). This liquid has a much greater _density_ than water.Answers: dense, densely, density4. shrink: v 收缩、退缩、缩水1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a chi
15、lds size.2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.5. measurement: n 衡量、测量；由此联想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、测量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可测量的1). We must take _measure_ to protect our environment.2). We have come within _measurable_ distance of success.3). Clocks give us a _measurement_ of time.4). There the rainfall
16、 is _measured_ not in inches but in feet.Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured6.implication: n 含义、暗示；imply: v 暗示7. basis: n 基础、根据，由此可以联想得到：base: n 底部；v 以为底，为根据；basic: a 基础的，根本的；basically: ad 根本上来说, 1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid _basis_.2). The furnitur
17、e of out dorm is really _basic_: two beds, two chairs and tables.3). The charges are false for they are not _basically_ on proven facts.4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the _based_ workable one.Answers: basis, basic, based, basically8. observatory: n 天文台；由此可以联想得到：observe:
18、 v 观察；observation: n 观察；observer: n 观察家9. convincing: a 有说服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有说服力的，常见搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that1). He gave us a convincing speech.2). He convinced me of his sincerity.10. operate: v 运转、操作、动手术；operation : n 手术，操作；operator: 操作者11. research into对进行研究S
19、he is researching into possible cures for AIDS.12. swallow up: 吞没、耗尽Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.13. apply to sb/sth：适用于某人/某事，请对比：apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事；apply A to B将A 应用于B1). You should apply what you have learned to your work.2). I applied to him for a new jo
20、b.3). The study method doesnt apply to everyoneLearn new words and phrases1. revolve: v 旋转，常见搭配关系为：revolve around sb/sth围绕转。She spends all of her time revolving around her family.The earth revolves around the sun.2. solar: a 太阳的，日光的solar energy太阳能；solar system太阳系；solar month阳历月3. concerned: a 有关的、担心
21、的Her job is something concerned with computer.He is concerned about the result of the exam.4. colored: a 有色的，对比；colorful: a 丰富多彩的I like orange-colored coat.Everybody likes colorful life.5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔诚的；请对比：region: n 地区；regional: a 地区的6. circumstance: n 情况、境遇；Under no circumstances
22、 can we waste time.7. a great many = a number of = many很多，修饰复数名词。而a great deal of + u.nA great many students are absent today.I have wasted a great deal of time.8. above all: 首先、首要After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言As a rule, I only watch sports news.L
23、earn new words and phrases 1. weaken: v 削弱、减弱，字根：weak: a 虚弱的 构词形式：adj/n + en或en + adj/n = v Shorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tighten etc. 2. nationwide: a 全国范围的，通过该词我们可以得到：worldwide:全世界范围的，region wide, etc. 3.legal: a 合法的，反义词：illegal,不合法的；legalize: v 使合法化。 The Netherlands became the first c
24、ountry to legalize euthanasia. 4. ensure: v 确保、担保，常见用法如下： 1). The police can ensure the witness from danger. 2). We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way. 5. oppose: v 反对、对抗；名词：opposition , 形容词：opposed 1). What he said was totally opposed to the facts. 2). Many people oppose buildin
25、g a new highway because of the great cost. 6. tradition: n 传统，由此可以联想到： traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反义词为：modern 1). _ Chinese medicine is believed to be effective for many diseases. 2). Its important to keep up the fine _ of plain living and hard work. 3). Christmas is _ a holiday for a family
26、 to get together. Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally 7. consideration: n 考虑、体谅、照顾，由此可以联想到： Consider: v 考虑；considerate: a 体谅的，be considerate of; considerable: a 相当多的。请练习一下： 1). Losing 30 pounds changed her appearance _. 2). It is very _ of you to send me a birthday card. 3). The matter is
27、 receiving the serious _ of the manager. 4). He left behind him a _ amount of debt. Answers: considerably, considerate, consideration, considerable 8. disabled: a 残疾的，伤残的，由此可以联想到： able: a 有能力的；be able to do sth; unable: a 没有能力的；enable: v 使人能够enable sb to do sth; ability: n 能力；disable: v 使人残疾 1). As
28、long as they are physically _, they tend to live on their own. 2). The _ to be clearly heard is extremely important for any speaker. 3). Id like to go to the cinema, but Im _ to. 4). Education should _ every student to develop morally, intellectually and physically. 5). A car accident _ him from pla
29、ying football. 6). Special care should be given to the _. Answers: able, ability, unable, enable, disabled(v), disabled(a) 9. prohibition: n 禁止、禁令，prohibit: v prohibit sb from doing sth; 10. sensitive: a 敏感的， be sensitive to sb/sth; 同根词：sensible: a 明智的，be sensible of sth 1). I am sensitive to your c
30、riticism. 2). Its sensible of you to make such a decision. Learn new words and phrases 1statistics: n 统计数字；keep statistics; statistical: a 统计的；statistician: n 统计员2. diplomat: n 外交家，由此联想得到：diplomacy: n 外交，外交手腕；diplomatic: a 外交的；请对比：diploma: 文凭3. exploit: v 开发、开采、剥削，由此联想得到：exploitable: a 可开发的；exploite
31、d: a 被开发的；exploitation : n 1). The workers in capitalist countries are cruelly exploited by the capitalists.2). There are laws against the exploitation of child labor. 3). His highly exploitable talent cant create wealth for society if he doesnt make great efforts. 4. abuse: v/n 滥用，如: abuse ones aut
32、hority 滥用职权5. execute: v 实行、执行，将处死，由此联想得到：executive: a执行的，决策权的，n 行政领导 CEO=chief executive officer首席执行官；execution: n 执行、实行。1). You shouldnt be slow in the _ of your duties.2). The soldiers _ the captains orders as soon as they received the call.3). After the discussion of the _ committee, the labor l
33、aw was put into force in may, 1994.Answers: execution, executed, executive6. guilt: n 有罪、内疚；guilty: a 内疚的；guiltless: a 无罪的7. employee: n 雇员；由此联想得到：employ: v 雇佣；employment: n 雇佣；employed: a 被雇的，有工作的；unemployed: a 失业的；employer: n 雇主1). The police _ force to break up the crowd.2). Many _ were thrown ou
34、t of job as a result.3). Business activities were greatly reduced and almost 60% of the workers were out of _.4). During the Depression, many workers were _.Answers: employed, employees, employment, unemployed8. immigrant: a 移民的，n 移民；immigrate: v ; immigration: n 1). During the gold rush, California
35、 attracted many immigrants from other states.2). Many Italians immigrated to the United States and Canada.3). In the 1980s, a law against the immigration of Asian peoples was put into practice. 9. deport: v 驱逐出境，由此联想得到：port: 港口；import:进口；export:出口；airport:空港；passport:通行证，护照10. be deserving of 值得、应得H
36、is efforts are certainly deserving of praise. New words from text B11. deny : v 否认，拒绝接受，后接doing. He denied lying to us.12. ineffective: a无效的，反义词：effective.13. watch over: 看护、看管。They use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night.14. in unison: 一致地，协调地They sang Happy Birthday to me in
37、unison.15. pay back: 偿还，报复，回报1). If you lend me 50 Yuan, I will pay you back on Friday.2). Ill pay him back for the trick he played on me.Key words and phrases1. musician : n 音乐家，与其同根的常见词汇：music : n 音乐；musical : a 音乐的， musically : adv 从音乐上来说的。 Please do the exercises:1). The _ of the Beatles became
38、very successful and famous during the 1960s.2). Although he was born in America, he could play many Chinese _ instruments.3). Folk music, the blues and rocknroll remained _ and culturally distinct in the 1960s.4). Bob Dylan, a famous folk _ in America, was best known for his anti-war song.Answers: m
39、usic, musical, musically, musician2. consciousness: n 意识、知觉，与其同根的常见词汇：conscious: a 有知觉的、有意识的 = aware，反义词：unconscious = unaware; 副词：consciously, unconsciously。 常用搭配：be aware/unaware of sth; be aware/unaware that.1). I was _ that I had made a mistake.2). _ did not return to the injured man for two hou
40、rs.3). When a person immigrates to a new country, he should _ adapt himself to the new environment.Answers: conscious, consciousness, consciously3. originate: v 发源、发生,与其同根的常见词汇：origin : n 起源、发源； original : a 原始的，新颖的；n 原著、原稿， originality : n 创新、创造力1). The use of steam originated many new reforms.2).
41、I wonder the origins of life on the earth.3). The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America.4). The quarrel originated in conflicts between the two families.5). Her design is of great originality.4. imitator: n 模仿者，联想：imitate: v 模仿；imitation : n 模仿5. limitless : a 无限制的，与其同根的常见词汇：limit :
42、 n 极限，v 限定；limited ; a 有限的，limitation: n 局限1). His knowledge about insurance is rather _.2). His energy seems to have no _.3). A wise man knows his _.4). In front of the _ ocean, he found he was rather insignificant.Answers: limited, limits, limitation, limitless.6. penetrating: a 穿透的，贯穿的，动词：penetra
43、te; 名词：penetration7. participant: n 参加者，参与者，与其同根的常见词汇：participate: v, participation : n 固定搭配：participate in sth.8. take over: 接管、接任、When he retired, his son took over business from him.9. take on : 担任，雇用1). He has taken on a new job.2). The employer takes on twenty more workers.Text B:10). composer:
44、 n 作曲家，动词 compose，名词 composition11). inspire: v 鼓舞，产生灵感，inspiration : n 灵感Genius is 1% of inspiration and 99% of hard work.12. invariably: ad 不变地，同根词：variable: a 可变的；variety: n 各种各样，变化； vary : v 变化；various : a 各种各样的13. sake : n 缘故；for the sake of sth为了的缘故，好处The company has decided for economys sake
45、to close down this department. 14. harmony : n 协调， harmonize: v使和谐；harmonious : a 和谐的15. in a sense: 从某种意义上说。In a sense, you are right.16. it goes without saying that不言而喻，理所当然It goes without saying that you will be paid for the overtime work.Key words and phrases 1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的；inefficient: a 效率低的；inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的 1). He has done much to increase the _ of English teaching. 2). She is very _ in re
