1、一轮复习一轮复习 课本回归讲义课本回归讲义学习提纲学习提纲:话题话题1.English language and its development(英语语言及其发展英语语言及其发展)2Different kinds of English(不同种类的英语不同种类的英语)功能功能 Difficulties in language communication(语言交际困难语言交际困难)语法语法 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech():requests&commands直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(2):要求和命令:要求和命令重点单词重点单词official,vo
2、yage,native,actually,base,lightningpresent,gradually,vocabulary,spelling,latter,block,cabidentity,fluent,fluently,frequent,usage,command,request,dialect,expression,recognize,accent,straight,elevator,petrol,apartment,重点短语重点短语because of,play a part(in),come up,at present,be based on,such as,even if,mo
3、re thanmake use of,make sense,believe it or not,such as,重点句型重点句型1.现在,英语在南亚也被当作现在,英语在南亚也被当作 外语或第二语言来说。外语或第二语言来说。English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.2信不信由你,没有标准英信不信由你,没有标准英 语之类的东西。语之类的东西。Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.3.即便不说同一种英语,这些以英语
4、为母语的人即便不说同一种英语,这些以英语为母语的人 也都也都能彼此明白。能彼此明白。Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.4比我们今天说的英语,比我们今天说的英语,它更多地以德语为基础。它更多地以德语为基础。It was based more on German than the English spoken today.5.当前,说英语的人比以往任何时候都多。当前,说英语的人比以往任何时候都多。Today,more people sp
5、eak English as their first,second or a foreign language than ever before.6.这是因为在早期的电台节目里,人们期望新闻播音这是因为在早期的电台节目里,人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。员所说的英语是最好的英语。(L3.P13)This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.那么,英语为何会随时间而改变呢?那么,英语为何会随时间而改变呢?S
6、o why English has changed over time?8 多么好的秋天啊!多么好的秋天啊!What a lovely autumn day(it is)!9事实上,当不同文化互相交流渗透时,所有的语言事实上,当不同文化互相交流渗透时,所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。都会有所变化、有所发展的。Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.10.你知道世界上不止有一种英语吗?你知道世界上不止有一种英语吗?Do you know that
7、there is more than one kind of English in the world?11.因此美国东南部山区的人的方言与美国西北地区的因此美国东南部山区的人的方言与美国西北地区的人的方言几乎相同。人的方言几乎相同。So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.记忆有方记忆有方actually a matter of fact in fact presently vocabular
8、y enrich/expand ones vocabulary make use of latter latter former command have a good command of accent dialect officialfluent frequent recognize recognition straight command gradually Because of apartment native official plays an important part dialects At present come up with based on requested gas
9、es cabs 学习有道学习有道.词汇短语过关词汇短语过关1native adj.本地的,出生地的;天赋的本地的,出生地的;天赋的 n.本地人;出生于某国的人本地人;出生于某国的人be native to.原产于某地原产于某地ones native country/land本国,祖国本国,祖国native place出生地出生地ones native language本国语,本族语,母语本国语,本族语,母语a native of当地人当地人/产于产于的动的动/植物植物即学即练即学即练1(1)China is our _,and Chinese is our _.中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母
10、语。中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母语。(2)The tiger _ India.这种虎产于印度。这种虎产于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。他是北京人。native countrynative languageis native toa native of2base vt.以以为根据为根据 n基部;基地;基础基部;基地;基础base sth.on/upon sth.以以为基础为基础(或根据或根据)base sb./sth./oneself in以以为据点为据点(或总部等或总部等),把把(总部等总部等)设在设在the base of a column/glass/pyra
11、mid 柱基柱基/玻璃杯底玻璃杯底/金字塔底座金字塔底座a military/naval base军事军事/海军基地海军基地即学即练即学即练2(1)What are you _ this theory _?你这种理论的根据是什么?你这种理论的根据是什么?(2)They decided to _ the new company _ New York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。(3)The town is an ideal _ for touring the area.这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。(4
12、)_ facts,the film is moving.basing onbase inbaseBased on3command nC命令;指令命令;指令U掌握掌握 vt.&vi.命令;指挥;支配命令;指挥;支配at ones command随心所欲地随心所欲地by ones command奉某人之命奉某人之命in command of指挥;统帅指挥;统帅under ones command=under the command of由由指挥指挥take command of担任担任的指挥的指挥have a good command of很好地掌握很好地掌握command sb.to do st
13、h.命令某人做某事命令某人做某事command that.(should)do.命令命令即学即练即学即练3(1)The army is _ _.军队由国王直接统率。军队由国王直接统率。(2)She _ the German language.她精通德语。她精通德语。under the kings commandhas a good command of(3)He commanded us _ immediately.He commanded that we _ immediately.他命令我们马上离开。他命令我们马上离开。她的法语棒极了。她的法语棒极了。She has an excellen
14、t _ of French.这个师由乔治将军指挥。这个师由乔治将军指挥。The division was _ _ _ General George.翻译句子翻译句子我命令你们马上动身出发。我命令你们马上动身出发。_ to leaveshould leaveI command you to set out at once.I command that you(should)set out at mandunder the command of学以致用学以致用4request n.&vt.请求,要求请求,要求request sth.of/from sb.向某人请求某物向某人请求某物request
15、sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事请求某人做某事request that sb.(should)do sth.请求请求Its requested that.据要求据要求at ones request=at the request of sb.应某人之请求应某人之请求be in request=in need 有需要,受欢迎有需要,受欢迎make a request for sth.请求,要求请求,要求即学即练即学即练4(1)These materials are _ _.急需这些材料。急需这些材料。(2)She _ some water.她请求给点水。她请求给点水。(3)May I _
16、your attention?请你们注意一下好吗?请你们注意一下好吗?(4)I request(of him)that he _.我要求他离开。我要求他离开。(5)Visitors are requested _ the paintings.游客不许动油画。游客不许动油画。in great requestMade a request forrequestshould leavenot to touchDont respond to any emails _ personal information,no matter how official they look.Asearching Bask
17、ingCrequesting Dquestioning完成句子完成句子她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。She _ _ _ _ her decision.requested that no one should be told of学以致用学以致用5recognize vt.辨认出;承认辨认出;承认recognition n认出,识别认出,识别recognizable adj.可认出的可认出的recognized adj.公认的公认的recognize sb./sth.by/from.根据根据认出某人认出某人/事事(物物)recognize sb./sth.as/
18、to be.承认某人承认某人(物物)是是Its recognized that.人们公认人们公认out of/beyond recognition认不出来认不出来receive much recognition 大受赏识,大受注意大受赏识,大受注意即学即练即学即练5(1)I _ Mary _ her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。(2)Lawrences novel _ eventually _ _/_ a work of genius.劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。(3)_ en
19、vironment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。recognized by was recognized as/to beIt is recognized thatOh,its you!I_ you.Ive just had my hair cut,and Im wearing new glasses.Adidnt recognize Bhadnt recognizedChavent recognized Ddont rec
20、ognize完成句子完成句子他认出那个人是其中的一名警官。他认出那个人是其中的一名警官。He _ the man _ one of the police officers.相遇时朱莉娅几乎没认出吉尔来。相遇时朱莉娅几乎没认出吉尔来。Julia _ _ Jill when they met.recognized ashardly recognized学以致用学以致用易易 错错 点点 拨拨 自我完善自我完善误区备考误区备考recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉,经过一段时间的间隔或指原来很熟悉,经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。别的原因后又重新
21、认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词是延续性动词,指互相间十分熟悉指互相间十分熟悉,十分了解。十分了解。应用应用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room.recognizedrealizeknown6.present adj.出席的出席的,在场的在场的,现在的现在的 vt.出席出席,展
22、现展现,颁发颁发 n.现在,赠品,礼品现在,赠品,礼品be present at the meeting出席会议出席会议(反义反义:be absent from)at present at the present timenow现在,目前现在,目前present sth.to sb.present sb.with sth.make a present of sth.to sb.把某物赠给某人把某物赠给某人in the presence of sb.in ones presence在某人面前在某人面前for the present眼前;暂时眼前;暂时(for the time beingfor
23、the moment)presence n出席,到场出席,到场温馨提示:温馨提示:present用作形容词时,既可作表语,也可作定语。用作形容词时,既可作表语,也可作定语。作前置定语时表示作前置定语时表示“现在的,目前的现在的,目前的”,作后置定语时表示作后置定语时表示“出席的,现场的出席的,现场的”。We do not need any help at present.目前目前,我们不需要任何帮助我们不需要任何帮助.They are preparing for the examination at the present time.现在他们正在为考试做准备。现在他们正在为考试做准备。7、la
24、tter a.后面的后面的;后半的后半的;末了的末了的;(两者中两者中)后者的后者的This latter point was of great importance.后面这点极为重要。后面这点极为重要。Here are Tom and David;the latter is my brother.这是汤姆和戴维这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。后者是我的兄弟。former adj.以前的以前的;前任的前任的;原先的原先的 He is a former president of that company.他是那家公司的前任董事长他是那家公司的前任董事长.the former the latter
25、 前者前者后者后者 Tom and William are good friends.But the former is an American the latter is a German.汤姆和威廉是好朋友汤姆和威廉是好朋友.前者是美国人后者是德国人前者是美国人后者是德国人.归纳拓展归纳拓展the latter后者后者,late的比较级和最高级:的比较级和最高级:late later latest 指时间指时间late latter last 指顺序指顺序the latter part后部分后部分the latter point后一点后一点the latter year晚年晚年the fo
26、rmer.,the latter.两者中的)前者两者中的)前者,后者,后者易混辨析易混辨析 later,latterlater是形容词是形容词late的比较级形式,表示时间的先后,的比较级形式,表示时间的先后,意为意为“较后的较后的”、“较新的较新的”,它能作形容词它能作形容词,也能作也能作副词。副词。latter表示事物的先后,意为表示事物的先后,意为“后者后者”,只能作形容词,只能作形容词,不能作副词。不能作副词。8.straight streit 形容词形容词 a.笔直的笔直的;挺直的挺直的,正直的正直的,坦率坦率的的(+with)没有没有straightly这个词。这个词。His fr
27、iend is a tall,slim girl with a straight nose.他的朋他的朋友是位鼻子挺直友是位鼻子挺直,身材高而苗条的姑娘。身材高而苗条的姑娘。The boss is not completely straight with us.上司对我们上司对我们并不完全坦诚。并不完全坦诚。连续的连续的,无间断的无间断的It has snowed for three straight days.已连续下了三天雪了。已连续下了三天雪了。副词副词 ad.直直,挺直地;直接地挺直地;直接地,一直地一直地;立刻立刻,马上马上,直接,直接,正直地正直地,坦率地坦率地Go straigh
28、t down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直走沿着这条路一直走,然后左转。然后左转。He went to bed straight after supper.他吃好晚饭就去睡他吃好晚饭就去睡了。了。Tell me straight what you think of the plan.请把你对这个计划的看法坦白地告诉我。请把你对这个计划的看法坦白地告诉我。练一练:练一练:1、径直往前走,你会找到那家医院的。、径直往前走,你会找到那家医院的。Go straight ahead and youll find the hospital.2、老师在黑板上画了一条
29、直线。、老师在黑板上画了一条直线。Our teacher draw a straight line on the blackboard.3、他坦率地向她表达了爱意。他坦率地向她表达了爱意。He expressed his love to her straight.4、战士们笔直地站着。、战士们笔直地站着。The soldiers stand straight.9.more than(over多于;超过多于;超过not only不仅,不止不仅,不止)联想拓展联想拓展more A than B与其说与其说(是是)B不如说不如说(是是)Anot more than 不多于不多于more than o
30、ne名词名词 不止一个不止一个(作主语时谓语动词用单数作主语时谓语动词用单数)no more than仅仅,只是;和仅仅,只是;和一样不一样不more and more 越来越越来越more or lessalmost 差不多;几乎差不多;几乎the more.,the more.越越,越,越no more 再也不再也不 They are more than schoolmates;they are close friends.他们不止是同学,还是知心朋友。他们不止是同学,还是知心朋友。Its no more than a misunderstanding.这只是个误会。这只是个误会。He i
31、s more hardworking than bright.与其说他聪明,不如说他勤奋。与其说他聪明,不如说他勤奋。Mary is no more diligent than Tom.玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。More than one student has failed the exam.不止一个学生考试没及格。不止一个学生考试没及格。完成句子完成句子这个车站离商店不过一英里。这个车站离商店不过一英里。Its _ _ _a mile from the station to the shop.我喜爱足球胜过游泳。我喜爱足球胜过游泳。I like football
32、_ _ swimming.我恐怕吃得过多了。我恐怕吃得过多了。Im afraid Ive eaten _ _ _.与其说他笨,不如说他懒。与其说他笨,不如说他懒。He is _ _ _ _.no more thanmore thanmore than enoughmore lazy than stupid学以致用学以致用10because of因为,由于因为,由于because of是介词短语,后跟名词、代词或动名词是介词短语,后跟名词、代词或动名词,what从句。从句。because是连词,是连词,引导原因状语从句或表语从句。引导原因状语从句或表语从句。即学即练即学即练6(1)He was
33、absent not _ his illness,but _ his father died.他缺席不是因为他生病,他缺席不是因为他生病,而是因为他父亲去世了。而是因为他父亲去世了。(2)It was _ that he had gone abroad.就是为了她,他才出国的。就是为了她,他才出国的。(3)He realized that she was crying because of_.他意识到她哭是因为他说的那些话的缘故。他意识到她哭是因为他说的那些话的缘故。(4)Because of _ ,I said nothing about her mistake.因为她丈夫在场,因为她丈夫在
34、场,对她的错误我就没说什么。对她的错误我就没说什么。because ofbecausebecause of her what he had saidher husbands being there联想拓展联想拓展表示表示“由于,因为由于,因为”的短语的短语due to 作表语或状语作表语或状语owing to 作表语或状语作表语或状语as a result of 作状语作状语on account of 作状语作状语for the reason of 作状语作状语thanks to(幸亏幸亏)作表语或状语作表语或状语【词语辨析词语辨析】because,because ofbecause连词,引导
35、原因状语从句或表语从句。连词,引导原因状语从句或表语从句。because of介词短语,后面接名词、代词、名词性短介词短语,后面接名词、代词、名词性短语或语或what从句。从句。【一句辨析一句辨析】He is absent today,because he is ill.He is absent today,because of his illness.他今天缺席,因为他病了。他今天缺席,因为他病了。The openair celebration has been put off_ the bad weather.Ain case of Bin spite ofCinstead of Dbec
36、ause ofThe old man asked Lucy to move to another chair_ he wanted to sit next to his wife.Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif Weve made such great progress _ _(多多亏了亏了)your help.thanks to学以致用学以致用11.even if/even though即便,即使即便,即使even ifeven though 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句Even if/though we dont like it,we must do it
37、.即使我们不喜欢,也必须去做。即使我们不喜欢,也必须去做。联想拓展联想拓展even now 即使在现在,尽管这样即使在现在,尽管这样even so即便这样,尽管如此即便这样,尽管如此even then即使在那时,尽管那样即使在那时,尽管那样【考点警示考点警示】even与比较级连用,意为与比较级连用,意为“甚至,更,还甚至,更,还”。Look at those clouds!Dont worry._it rains,well still have a great time.(2012北京,北京,21)AEven if BAs thoughCIn case DIf only即使我这次失败了,我还要
38、再试试。即使我这次失败了,我还要再试试。_ _ _ _,I would try again.即使明天下雨,他们也要去出游。即使明天下雨,他们也要去出游。_ _ _ _ _,they would go for an outing.Even if/though it should rain tomorrowEven if/though I failed this time学以致用学以致用12come up走近;走近;(植物植物)长出地面;长出地面;(太阳太阳)升起;升起;出现;被提及出现;被提及(1)come forward走近;赶上;上来走近;赶上;上来(2)rise;come to a hig
39、her place(esp.the sun,the moon)(太阳、月亮太阳、月亮)升起升起(3)be brought up for discussion;be mentioned 被提出讨论,被谈到;引起注意被提出讨论,被谈到;引起注意(4)occur/happen(尤指意想不到地尤指意想不到地)发生发生(5)present oneself出席,参加,到场出席,参加,到场(6)appear above the soil;begin to grow 露出地面,发芽露出地面,发芽即学即练即学即练7写出下列各句中写出下列各句中come up的意思。的意思。(1)Ill let you know
40、if anything comes up._(2)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station._(3)Your question came up at the meeting._(4)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up._(5)The young trees have come up._(6)I came up for an interview but didnt get the job._发生发生走近走近/走上来走上来被提出讨论被提出讨论升起升起发
41、芽发芽到场到场拓展:拓展:come up with想出;提出想出;提出come about发生发生come across偶遇;偶然发现偶遇;偶然发现(come upon)come along一道来;一起去;进步;赶快一道来;一起去;进步;赶快come back回来;记起回来;记起come on(风、雨等风、雨等)到来;演出;赶快;得了吧到来;演出;赶快;得了吧come out出版;出来,出现;结果是出版;出来,出现;结果是come to苏醒;总计;达到;谈到苏醒;总计;达到;谈到Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it _ that she was two h
42、ours late on such a short trip.Acame over Bcame outCcame about Dcame upAlvin,are you coming with us?Id love to,but something unexpected_.Ahas come up Bwas coming upChad come up Dwould come up学以致用学以致用这本词典正在印刷,不久将这本词典正在印刷,不久将出版出版。The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _ _.喂,我的钱包在哪儿?喂,我的钱包在哪儿
43、?快点快点吧!我们野餐快迟到了。吧!我们野餐快迟到了。Now,where is my purse?_ _!Well be late for the picnic.老师问了一道很难的题,但老师问了一道很难的题,但Ted最后还是最后还是想出了想出了令人满意的答案。令人满意的答案。The teacher asked a difficult question,but Ted finally managed to _ _ an satisfying e outCome oncome up with13make use of利用;使用利用;使用make full use of充分利用充分利用make th
44、e best/most use of尽量利用尽量利用make good use of好好利用,合理利用好好利用,合理利用make little use of没有很好地利用没有很好地利用即学即练即学即练8(1)We should _ every minute to learn well.我们应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。我们应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。(2)Our factory _ robots.我们工厂正越来越多地使用机器人。我们工厂正越来越多地使用机器人。is making increasing use ofmake good use of拓展:拓展:be of great use很有用
45、很有用be/go out of use不被使用,废弃不被使用,废弃come into use开始被使用开始被使用be in use在使用中在使用中bring/put.to use加以使用加以使用It be no use doing sth 做做没用没用【注意注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。及词的搭配。How much do you know about the use that we have made of the money?(句子中句子中use做先行词做先行词,关系代词关系代词that代替代替use,在定语从句中做,在定语从句中做
46、make的宾语的宾语.)我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少?我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少?The manager of the company told us that very little_ was made of the waste material in the past.Acost Bvalue Cuse DMatter新的印刷技术最近已开始投入使用。新的印刷技术最近已开始投入使用。New printing techniques have recently_ _ _.这幅地图没有用这幅地图没有用 它没有标明小路。它没有标明小路。The map_ _.it does not show the
47、 minor roads.劝他去那里没有用。劝他去那里没有用。_ to persuade him to go e into useis of no useIts no use trying学以致用学以致用14play a role/part in在在中担任角色;在中担任角色;在中起作用中起作用play an important role/part in在在方面起重要作用方面起重要作用play the role of sb.play/act the part of sb.(在剧中在剧中)扮演某人的角色扮演某人的角色play the leading role起主要起主要(带头带头)作用作用即学即练
48、即学即练9(1)Science and technology _ developing agriculture.科技在发展农业中起重要作用。科技在发展农业中起重要作用。(2)He will _ the doctor in my latest drama.他将在我最新的戏里出演医生的角色。他将在我最新的戏里出演医生的角色。【提示提示】play a role/part in是是“动词名词介词动词名词介词”构成构成的动词短语,这类短语有两个重要考点:的动词短语,这类短语有两个重要考点:(1)用名词做主语,用于被动句;用名词做主语,用于被动句;(2)用名词做先行词,用于定语从句。类似短语有:用名词做先
49、行词,用于定语从句。类似短语有:make use of,pay attention to等等play/act the role/part ofplays an important role/part in15.such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,可与可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和,否则就用所
50、提的事物的总和,否则就用 that is或或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明,其前后多用符号主要用于举例说明,其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末隔开。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于相当于 namely,它所列举的事物的总量等于,它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用个以后,用.and so on进行