1、lDear editor,As the college entrance examination is drawing near,we senior high school students are occupied with busy work.To a certain extent,PE class is our only chance to relax and enjoy ourselves at school.However,it is a pity that our present PE class is quite dull and sometimes even replaced
2、by other subjects.Not only can PE class build our body but also can shape our personality.It serves to develop our awareness of cooperation and spirit of competition.Therefore,personally I hold the view that it would be a great loss to us students if it were replaced by other lessons.Meanwhile,I thi
3、nk the teacher can design and organize some fun sports besides dull field and track practice or ball games,where everyone can be involved and have fun as well.After all,not everybody thinks running,jumping or ball games appealing.I hope PE class can not only enrich our school life but also enable ev
4、eryone to find his or her own pleasure in it.On the night of August 8,2008,the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games _(hold)in Beijing.was heldEnglish Basic Tenses(时态时态)&Voices(语态）语态）近五年动词的时态和语态近五年动词的时态和语态在高考中的复现率在高考中的复现率考点年份一般一般现在现在时时现在现在进行进行时时现在现在完成完成时时现在现在完成完成进行进行时时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去进行进行时时过去过去完成
5、完成时时一般一般将来将来时时过去过去将来将来时时总题量200820081 11 11 13 3200920091 11 13 35 5201020102 22 21 15 5201120112 22 2201220121 12 23 3时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为时态为：一般现在时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时过去将来时
6、等等。2、时间、条件、让步时间、条件、让步等等状语从句状语从句中动词的时态；中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3、延续性动词延续性动词和和终止性动词终止性动词的用法区别。的用法区别。4、及物动词（及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。的被动语态。5、某些以、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。的用法。.一般现在时一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如频率的时间状语连用，如always,often/usually/frequently,s
7、ometimes,every,at,on Sundays/.动词的时态动词的时态（Tenses)Fill in the blanks.I _(study)hard abroad every day and I _(get)along well with my roommates,but sometimes I _(miss)my families.studygetmiss Correct the sentence.The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun._2)表客观事实、普遍真理。表客观事实、普遍真理。
8、注意：注意：主语为第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.movesThe shop will close at 9:00 p.m._3)表示按表示按计划、规定，时间表计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等等位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词，常与时间状语连用常与时间状语连用The train leaves
9、at 6 tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in 2 minutes.closesl4.在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。lThere goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.2)表示目前表示目前这段时间这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。但说话时动作未必正在进行。We _(have)English class now.are havingShe _(lea
10、rn)piano under Mr.Smithat present.is learningl Translate the sentence.l这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。The girl is always talking loud in public.进行时态与进行时态与always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/all the time等频度副词等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多
11、用于位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,take off.I_(leave)tomorrow._ you _(stay)here till next week?am leavingArestayingl4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。情。lIts late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder.lAll the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School._belongl
12、(1)表心理状态、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。l(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。l(3)瞬间动词瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。l(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。l现在进行时
13、的标志：现在进行时的标志：lNow,right now,at this moment,look,listenl暂时性动作和经常性动作暂时性动作和经常性动作l The computer is working perfectly.l计算机运转得很好。（暂时）计算机运转得很好。（暂时）The computer works perfectly.l计算机运转很好。（一直如此）计算机运转很好。（一直如此）l 持续性动作和短暂性动作持续性动作和短暂性动作l The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）车停了下来。（渐渐地）The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）车停了。（迅速）l 暂时
14、性动作和永久性动作暂时性动作和永久性动作 She is living in the country.l 她现在住在农村。（暂时）她现在住在农村。（暂时）She lives in the country.l她住在农村。（永久）她住在农村。（永久）l 有感情色彩和没有感情色彩有感情色彩和没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school.l 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）He does well at school.l他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）l3This machine _.It hasnt worked for years
15、.(2006浙江卷浙江卷)l A.didnt work B.wasnt workinglC.doesnt work D.isnt workingl2.Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?l Yes,I have.I guess it _ now.2007 辽宁卷辽宁卷 l A.has graded B.is graded l C.is being graded D.is grading现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1).现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态现
16、在的动作或状态,通常用于通常用于延续性动词延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用常与表一段时间的状语连用,如如:so far,up to/till now,lately/recently,in/during/over the last/past,since,for 等等He _(live)in Guiyang over the past 6 years.has lived2).表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，many times等等.W
17、e _(finish)our lunch already._ you ever _(try)this method?have finishedHavetried注意：注意：I have received his letter for a month.（错）（错）I havent received his letter for almost a month.（对）（对）非延续性非延续性/瞬间瞬间/终止性动词终止性动词的否定形式可以的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。如：如：beg
18、in/start,find,see,marry,buy，borrow,return,die,get等。等。1.Daniel _(live)in Beijing since he came to China.2.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.3.I went to Egypt in 1986.Then in 2004 I went there again.I _(be)to Egypt twice.has livedhave just playedhave beensince和和for 填空 since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用
19、来说明动作起始时间 for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。I have lived here _ at least twenty years.I have lived here _ I was born.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsince 固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1).It is(has been)+一段时间+since-clause.2)This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现在完成时).3)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +tha
20、t-clause（现在完成时）.Tips:Multiple choice -Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.paintedB.had painted C.have been paintingD.have paintedNow that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she _ yet.A had considered,hadnt decided B has been considering,hasnt decided C c
21、onsidered,didnt decide D is going to consider,wont decideCB现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示表示从过去开始的一个动从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从过去开始，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的对比：_past&pastpastnowfuture_past&pastpast
22、nowfuturePPT:havedonehavebeendoingPPCT Li Jia _ (read)a book about Stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)Li Jia _(read)a book about Stonehenge.(She is still reading the book.)hasreadhasbeenreading 一般过去时一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如常与表过去的时间连用。如 yester
23、day,last,ago,in,then,just now,the other day等。等。I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends in the countrysideseveral years ago.spentl2.表示说话人始料未及的事情，要用一般过去时。lI didnt know it was you.lI never expect you would bring me a gift.高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!A.promises B.pro
24、misedC.will promise D.had promised2.My uncle _ until he was forty-five.A.marriedB.didnt marry C.was not marryingD.would marry说明说明：until 修饰的动词必须是修饰的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词并且为并且为肯定形式，肯定形式，表示该动作一直持续到表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止后的时间为止；终止性动词；终止性动词只能用在只能用在否定句否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。BB3.-You havent said a word
25、 about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt saying B.dont say C.wont say D.didnt say4.I think the film was interesting,but it isnt._Dthought(1)During the summer of 2010 she _(travel)in Europe.was traveling过去进行时过去进行时 The
26、past continuous tense规则规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作频繁发生的动作.(3)I _(wonder)if you could give me a lift.was wondering规则规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.(2)I met Diana while I _(shop)this morning.规则规则2：某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常用于由用于由when/while,as引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中.was shopping仅
27、限于仅限于wonder，want,hope等，用于提出请求。等，用于提出请求。5.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read was fallingB.was reading fell C.was reading was fallingD.read fell说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动作用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。B7.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she w
28、asnt ever going to find it.A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost 8.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they _ without me.Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone BD表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。发生的事情或存在的状态。lByt
29、heendoflastmonthwehaveviewedscoresofwebsites._hadWe arrived earlier than we_(expect).had expected/expected to规则规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/to do)或用或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/planned to(have done)。
30、lThey had been learning abroad for 6 years till last month.lBob _(serve)in the army before he became a journalist.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 The past perfect continuous tense结构：结构：had been+v-ing表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。had been servingThe employer _(interview)all the employees next Wednesday.Pr
31、ofessor Smith _(lecture)on modern drama tonight.The dark clouds is/was gathering.There _(be)a storm.will interview一般一般(过去过去)将来时将来时(The Simple/Past Future Tense)表示表示(过去过去)将来将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.will/would+v.is going to lecture表表(过去过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。2.am/is/are(was/were)go
32、ing to+v.is/was going to belThey will say/said goodbye,little knowing they _ never _(meet)again.lHe _(apologize)to me when someone gave a sudden blow on his shoulder.will(would)/are(were)meet/to meet3.am/is/are(was/were)to do sth.表按计划、安表按计划、安排排(过去过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等禁止、可能性等
33、.was about to apologize4.am/is/are(was/were)about to do sth.(when)“正正/就要做某事就要做某事”（不与具体时间连用）（不与具体时间连用）lI _(enjoy)the beautiful sunshine bath in Florida this weekend.lWe _(accomplish)the service task in this community before next Saturday.will be enjoying将来进行时将来进行时 The Future Continous Tense表将来某个时间正在进
34、行的动作。表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。will be+v-ingwill have accomplished将来完成时将来完成时 The Future Perfect Tense表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。will have+v.ppl1.-Can I join the club,Dad?l -You can when you _ a bit older.l A.get B.will getlC.are gettingD.will have gotl2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watere
35、d if they _.l A.have survivedB.are to survivel C.would surviveD.will surviveABl3.The WTO cant live up to its name unless it will include a country that is home to one-fifth of mankind._l4.Japan will never be recovered/restored even if it will return Diaoyu Islands to China._ 5.The harder you will st
36、udy,the better results you will get._doesdoeswill 含有状语从句的主从复合句时态含有状语从句的主从复合句时态主将从现主将从现。l1.I dont think _.l他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。l2.The Whites expected _Tonny 能出国深造。能出国深造。he will pass(passed)the driving testTonny could study further abroad主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何时态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟何时
37、态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应的过去时态。相应的过去时态。3.See to it/Make sure that you _(be)not late again.4.They dont care who _(take)charge of such activity next time.are在在make sure,see to it,mind,care,matter后的后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。takes1.Leave it with me and I _ what I can do.A.see B.seeing C.a
38、m seeing D.will see2.Please give blood if you can or some lives _.A.scare away B.could scare away C.scared away D.to scare awayDB在祈使句在祈使句and/or/陈述句句型中，陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用陈述句中只能用will/情态动词动词原形。情态动词动词原形。Remember下列句型下列句型It is(has been)/was 一段时间一段时间 since(did/had done)This(That/It)is/was the first(second)time
39、 thathave(has)done/had done This(That/It)is/was the onlythathave(has)done/had done This(That/It)is/was the best/finest/most interesting thathave(has)done/had doneWe had no sooner been seated than the bus started.l=Hardly/Scarcely _ we been seated when the bus started.l=The bus started as soon as we
40、were seated.hadHardly/scarcely过去完成时过去完成时+when 一般过去时一般过去时No sooner过去完成时过去完成时+than一般过去时一般过去时1.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning 2.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is
41、no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will changeDA3._ my sister three times today but her line was always busy.A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning C4.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from t
42、he university next year.A.will graduateB.will have graduated C.graduatesD.is to graduate5.It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A.will not be,will knowB.is,will know C.will not be,knowD.is,knowCC6.By the time Jane gets home,her aunt _for London to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leaves
43、C.will have left D.left 7.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had leftCBRemember:by“到到为止，在为止，在以前以前”表时间其后句子用完成时态。表时间其后句子用完成时态。8.-Oh,its you!I _ you.-Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.didnt recognize B.hadnt recognized C.have
44、nt recognized D.dont recognize A.9.AAl10.When I was at college I _three foreign languages,but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten11.-I havent heard from Henry for a long time.-What do you suppose _ to h
45、im?A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.had happened12.Jack _ a postman for about six years.A.has become B.has turned C.has changed D.has beenBCD 动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/
46、does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去完成时had done一般将来时一般将来时will do将来完成时将来完成时will have doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done及物动词及物动词(vt.)有被动语态，不及物动词
47、有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)或或短语无被动语态短语无被动语态.比较：比较：rise是不及物动词；是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen.The price has raised.The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)主动和被动主动和被动 一、一、get doneThe patient got tre
48、ated once a week.He got injured while searching for the lost boy in the woods.Try to avoid _(受伤害）受伤害）while being in love with others.getting hurtCleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.payB.paying C.paidD.to payC 二、二、主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义 The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)prac
49、tical.The yogurt in the fridge _ (已经变质）已经变质）.has gone bad1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等等主动表被动。主动表被动。Work began at 7 ocl
50、ock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.3.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame主动表被动。主动表被动。The equipment in the corner _ (需要修理需要修理).requires repairingAI feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamedD.should blameWho d
