1、牛津译林英语8B Unit8知识点一、 重点词组、短语和句型1. Will more trees be planted this year? 今年会种更多的树？ plant trees植树 句中will be planted 意思是“将会被种植”，“will be + 动词的过去分词”是一般将来时的被动语态。 The panda will be sent to the zoo tomorrow. 这只大熊猫明天将被送到动物园2. be good for. 对.有益处 be good at. 擅长于.3. Are you serious? 你是认真的吗？ nothing serious没有什么严
2、重的事情 beseriousaboutsth.=takesthseriously严肃对待 aseriousillness一个严重的病4.save water by taking shorter showers 通过少洗澡来节约水 take/have a shower 洗淋浴5.save energy by turning off the lights 关灯节约能源turn on/off + the light/the computer/TV/the radio 打开 turn up 开大音量; 出现turn down 关小音量；拒绝6. What should we do to live a
3、green life? 为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢？ live a life 过着的生活7. drive to sp. = go to sp. by car意思是 “开车去某地”。 more and more 越来越多 less and less 越来越少8. remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做了某事 Eg. You must remember to close the door when you leave the classroom. 当你离开教室时，你必须记得关好门。 I remember closing the d
4、oor when I leave the classroom. 我记得我离开教室时把门关好了。9. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。 (1) separate意指从.分离、挑拣出来的意思， separate.from 从一个大的整体里分出来。 The children are separating the good apples from the bad o
5、nes 孩子们正在把好苹果与坏苹果分开。 England is separated from France by the Channel 英吉利海峡把英国和法国分开。We walked until midnight and then separated 我们散步到午夜才分手。(2)divide 意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开。它常与into连用。He devided the apple into 4 pieces.他把那个苹果分成了4份（苹果是一个整体） (3)separate into 是指把一些东西分离，不是一个整体，如：We are separated into
6、4 groups.我们被分为4组（因为我们每个人都是一个单独的个体，所以不能算作整体）10. some, some, and others . 一些， 一些， 还有一些。（固定句型）another, other, others和the others 用法辨析：a)another通常用于指三者或三者以上, “下一个的,另一个的”.This pair of shoes is too short for me, and I want to try another one. 这双鞋对我来说太短了，我想尝试另外一双新的鞋。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时，则也可接复数名词。如：Eg. In anoth
7、er two weeks itll be finished. 在接下来的两周里它将被完成。 b)other 指剩下的一部分,相当于some, Some people are playing on the playground, other people are playing chess under the tree.一些人在操场上玩，还有一部分人在树下下棋other之前常用定冠词the一定范围内两人（物），一个用one,另一个用the other. Eg. I have two cats, one is black and the other is white. 我有两只猫，一只是黑色的，另
8、一只是白色的。泛指别的人或物时，用others。 当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时候，也用others.others 和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他”讲, someothers Eg. Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。c)the others 是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部,He is cleverer than the others the other students in his class.他比他们班的其他学生都聪明。some, so
9、me, and others 一些，一些，还有一些。（固定句型）Eg. Some people enjoy reading in their spare time, some enjoy riding, and others enjoy staying at home.11. be not allowed to cut down trees 不允许砍树allow v. 允许，准许 Im afraid we dont allow people to bring dogs into this restaurant.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 sb be allowed
10、 to do sth（被动）allow doing 允许做某事Eg. We do not allow smoking in the hall. 我们不允许在大厅里抽烟。cut down 砍到 cut down trees 吹倒树木 12. be fined by the police 被警察罚款fine 用作动词，表示罚款 fine sb for sth / doing sth. 因某事/做某事罚某人款He was fined 50 pounds for driving without lights.他因为没有遵守红绿灯交通规则而被罚款50英镑。 用作名词，表示罚款 Youll get a f
11、ine if you park your car here. 如果你把你的车停在这儿，你将被罚款。13. laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空气和水污染的法律limit n. (1) 限度，限制 Eg. He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. 他因为超过限速而被罚款。（2）界限，范围 Eg. Lorries are not allowed within a two- mile limit of the town centre. 运货汽车不允许在两英里的镇中心范围内通行。 v. 限制，限定 Eg. Im
12、 limiting myself to one cup of coffee one day. 我限定自己一天只能去喝一杯咖啡。14. depend on its rich resources to live 依靠它丰富的资源生存depend v. 视情况而定 Can you lend me some money? That depends how much do you want?你能借给我一些钱吗？那取决于你所需要的东西有多少。depend on/upon 依靠；取决于 They depend on donations from the public.他们依靠公众的捐赠。15. run ou
13、t 用光run out (of sth.) 用完；耗尽 Weve run out of coffee. 我们已经把咖啡用完了。My passport runs out next month. 我的护照将在下个月过期。16.produce little pollution 少产生点污染produce v. 大量生产，制造 The factory produced 20 000 cars a year. 这个工厂每年生产20000辆轿车。 种植，出产 This area produces most of the countrys wheat. 这个区域出产这个国家大部分的小麦。17. do som
14、ething to make a difference 采取措施发挥作用make a difference 对有影响；起作用 Eg. Marriage made a big difference to her life. 婚姻对她的生活产生了很大的影响。make no difference 对没影响；无足轻重 It makes no difference to us if the baby is a girl or a boy.婴儿是男是女对我们来说没有什么影响。make a difference (to sb /sth ) 对.有影响，起作用18. 固定词组搭配：be used up 被用完
15、be invited to the show 被邀请参观展览throw rubbish into. 把垃圾扔进.in the future 将来clean up 打扫干净19. act to improve the environment 行动起来改善环境act v. (1)做事，行动 The doctor had to act quickly to save the child.医生需要快速行动去拯救小孩。 （2)表现 Stop acting like a child! 停止表现得像个小孩子！ (3)扮演，表演 20. living things生物 (1) living意为“活着的、有生命
16、的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the之后，表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。 a living plant活的植物 The living will go on with the work of the dead. 活着的人将继续死者的工作。 all living things所有生物 the living在世者，活着的人们 Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。 He is still living at the age of 95. 95岁了他还活着。 (2) lovely意为“可爱的”“美好的”。如： a lovely girl 一
17、个可爱的女孩(3) alive意为“活着的、有活力的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人或物；在句中做表语宾补或后置定语，不能用作前置定语。 He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往医院时还活着。Although he is old, he is still very much alive. 虽然年老了，但他仍十分活跃。 The fish is still alive/living. 那条鱼还活着。 Keep him alive, please. 请让他活下去吧。 Those alive will gather here. 活着的人将在此相
18、聚。 (4) live laiv (动、植物)“活的”“有生命的”“活生生的”，主要用来说鸟或其他动物，作前置定语；如：a live fish一条活鱼 实况的、现场直播的。如：a live report现场报道； a live show/broadcast/TV program现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目(5) lively意为活泼的、有生气的、生动的。“生动的”可用作表语、定语，指人或物。比如：a lively child活泼的孩子 a lively description生动的描述 a lively mind活跃的头脑；a lively discussion热烈的讨论； a
19、 way of making ones classes lively使课堂生动的方法He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的生动故事。Young children are usually lively. 年轻人通常很活泼。21. 固定词组搭配： turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少于十分钟 recycle empty bottles循环利用空瓶子do a survey 做个
20、调查try our best to do 尽我们的所能去做keep soil in place 保持水土 in place 在正确位置natural resources 自然资源 have a wider use 有更广泛的用途 dig sth. up 挖掘出；探究 22. be harmful to our health =do harm to our health 对我们的健康有害 harmful adj. 有害的 Eg. Traffic fumes are harmful to the environment.交通车辆尾气对环境是有害的。harm v. 损害,伤害 Too much su
21、n can harm your skin. 阳光太多会损伤到你的皮肤。n. 伤害,损害 These berries didnt do him any harm. 这些浆果对他没有害处。 句型转换：Air pollution is harmful to our health.= Air pollution does harm to our health.23. change for the worse 变得更糟 change for the better/ worse 变好/ 变化for a change 变化一下，变变花样 I usually ride to work, but today I
22、 decided to work for a change. 我通常骑车去工作，但今天我决定改变一下。make a change 使不同于以往； 换个口味24. take steps 采取措施 take steps to do sth = take action to do sth 采取措施干某事25. 固定词组搭配： in order to save water 为了节约水turn off the power 关闭电源be in use 正在使用plastic bags 塑料袋do more exercise 多做锻炼watch less TV 少看电视follow these small
23、steps 按照这几步走make a big difference to the earth 对地球产生大的影响 26. cause serious air pollution cause 的用法：1)cause 用作动词时表示“造成”或者“使(发生)”的意思时，有如下搭配。cause 后可直接用造成的结果或者发生的事情作宾语。eg. Human pollution causes global warming. 人类的污染造成了全球变暖。cause 后面可接双宾语或接不定式的复合结构。cause sb sth = cause sth to sb 给某人带来某物cause sb to do st
24、h. 导致某人做某事eg. My Sister caused my parents much unhappiness. The cold weather caused the plants to die.2)cause 用作名词时，主要有三大意思：表示“原因”，为可数名词。如：Bacteria are often a cause of disease. Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 表示“理由”，为不可数名词。如：He had cause for anger. 他有愤怒的理由。表示“事业”“奋斗目标”，为可数名词。如：He dev
25、oted himself to the cause of science.他毕生奉献于科学事业。27. 句型转换：（1）We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.=We can ride bicycles to reduce air pollution.（2）We can save water by taking shorter showers.= We can take shorter showers to save water.（3）We can protect the environment by recycling waste.=We
26、 can recycle waste to protect the environment.28. 固定词组搭配：throw sth into spl 把某物扔到某地方one of the biggest problems 最大的问题之一try ones best to do sth 尽力=某人最大努力去做某事a survey on. 关于.的调查二、 重要语法知识点（一）、构成：一般将来时的被动语态的基本结构1肯定式will（shall）be动词的过去分词 2否定式will（shall）notbe动词的过去分词 3疑问式Will（Shall）主语be动词的过去分词？ 简略回答Yes，主语wi
27、ll（shall）No，主语wont（shant） 例如： A）肯定句：Anew stadium will be put up here 否定句：Anewstadium will not（wont）be put up here 疑问句及简略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here？Yes，it willNo，it wont 特殊疑问句及回答：What will be put up here？A new stadium B） A lot of athletes will be invited to BeijingBut those who have used il
28、legal drugs will not be invited（但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。）(二)、其他结构 表示将来意义的被动结构还有：1be going to be done；2be to be done；3will（shall）get done等。例如：Some old buildings are going to be put downThe 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008 The workers will get paid before the end of December (三)、注意事项 使用一般将来
29、时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点： 1 在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。Eg. He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this 如果他因为这个被惩罚，他说他将离开这个公司。 2使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。例如： 【误】A new film will shown at the cinema next week 【正】A new film will be shown at the cinema next week. 【误】Is this
30、bridge going to completed before the end of this year？ 【正】Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year？ （四）、基本结构（典型例题） 【经典例题1】 I promise that this matter _ next week. A. will be taken care B. will take care of C. will take good care D. will be taken care of 【思路点拨】 选D。从题干不难看出,一是从句
31、中的 this matter 和 take care of 是被动关系;二是take care of 是固定搭配,不能拆开;三是相对于promise来说,take care of 是将要发生的动作。故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。 【经典例题2】These dictionaries _ the library again (by you ). A. will be taken out of B. wont be taken out of C. will take out of D. wont take out of 【思路点拨】选B。由题干结构及句意可知,此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态的
32、否定式。 另外,我们还应注意:其疑问式为Shall/Will + 主语 + be + done.? 或 特殊疑问词 + shall/will + 主语 + be + done.? 【经典例题3】 Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 【思路点拨】答案选 B。lose jobs 的意思是“失业”。主语是jobs ，谓语动词要用被动语态。条件句中的谓语动词的一般现在时态表示将来。 【经典例题4】 The class _ on everything they
33、have learnt this year. A. is going to be examining B. are going to examine C. is going to be examined D. are going to be examined 【思路点拨】选D。题中the class指全班同学,谓语动词应用复数形式, 并且主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系, 所以谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。 【经典例题5】 An exhibition of painting _ at the art museum when he comes back from abroad. A. is going to hold B. is going to be held C. are going to hold D. are going to be held 【思路点拨】 选B。根据题意, 此处应用一般将来时的被动语态, 而且主谓应保持一致。【经典例题6】The flowers_ soon if you want to keep them aliveA. should water B. are watered C. water D. are to be watered【思路点拨】选D。题中soon要求用将来时态，又有花被浇水，须被动语态，所以要用将来时的被动语态，只有D符合要求。
