1、译林版九上U3知识点总结1. Hobo，I have a problem.霍波，我有一个问题。解析：problem是可数名词，意为“难题，问题”。拓展：(1) have some problems with sth意为“在某方面有些困难/问题”，相当于have some problems (in) doing sth。例：I have some problems with listening. 我在听力方面有些困难。(2) No problem. 没问题，没关系。辨析：problem, questionproblem所指的问题总是与困难联系着，表示“有待于解决的问题”。question所指的问
2、题总是和疑问联系着，表示“有待回答的问题”，它常与ask,answer连用。一言辨异：The question is how to solve the Maths problem.问题是如何解出这道教学难题。2. Im getting fat. 我正在变胖。解析：get做系动词，意为“变得”。例：It is getting colder and colder. 天变得越来越冷了。拓展：系动词除be以外，还有感官动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel等，及三个“变”。即get, turn, become.例：She looks worried. 她看起来很焦虑。3. Why
3、not eat less and exercise more?为什么不少吃多锻炼呢?解析：Why not意为“为什么不”，相当于“Why dont you”，常用来提出建议，后接动词原形。例：Why not go out for a walk? 为何不出去散散步呢?4. Ill finish the food for you then.那么我会替你吃完这些食物。解析：finish做及物动词，意为“完成”，后接名词、代词或动名词。例：You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成家庭作业。辨析：finisth，endfinish指做完某事或完成某一动作，其
4、后可接名词或动名词做宾语；end侧重到此结束，多指某活动或战争等结束。例：We often finish our homework at home.我们经常在家里完成作业。The World War I ended in 1945.第二次世界大战于1945年结束。5. The TV is always on at my home. 我家电视总是开着。解析：be on意为“开着的，准备好的”，on是副词，意为“在进行着，处于工作状态中”，常指电灯、电视等电器开着。其反义词组是be off。例：The light is always on at night. 晚上灯总是开着。固定搭配：from n
5、ow on从现在起；go on with继续.；on ones way to在某人去.的路上；on fire着火；on foot步行；on show在展览；on sale出售；on duty值日；on business为了公事(出差)；on time准时。6. Sometimes I feel lonely. 有时我感觉孤独。解析：lonely是形容词，意为“孤单的；寂寞的；偏僻的”。例：The old wouman felt lonelier without her husband. 没有了丈夫，这位老太太感到更加孤独了。辨析：lonely，alonelonely是形容词，意为“寂寞的,偏僻
6、的，可做定语和表语，常带有浓厚的感情色彩。alone可用做形容词或副词，指“孤独无伴的客观情况，不含感情色彩。一言辨异：My grandpa lives alone in my hometown but he doesnt feel lonely. 我爷爷独自居住在我的家乡，但他并不感到寂寞。7. Sometimes I get low marks in exams.有时候我考试的分数很低。解析：mark是可数名词，意为“分数”。例：Amy got a good mark for her English test. 埃米的英语测试得了个好成绩。拓展：mark做可数名词，还可意为“污点，斑点”；
7、做动词，意为“标记，做标记”。例：The dogs are always rubbing against the wall and making dirty marks.这些狗总是往墙上蹭，留下了点点污斑。Can you mark your house on this map? 你能在这张地图上标出你的房子(的位置)吗?8. I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it.我有一个难题，而且我不知道应该怎样处理它。解析：deal是不及物动词，意为“处理”。deal with意为“处理应付”。例：Can you tell
8、 me how to deal with it ? 你能告诉我如何处理它吗 ?辨析：deal with，do withdeal with意为“处置，处理，常与疑问词how连用；do with也意为“处置，处理”。常与疑问词what连用。9. I often have to stay up late. 我不得不经常熬夜到很晚。解析：stay up意为“不睡觉，熬夜”。例：I stayed up late last night. 我昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。拓展：含stay的短语：stay up不睡觉，熬夜；stay with sb与某人待在一起；say at home待在家里10. I know it
9、 is important to finish all my homework on time.我知道按时完成所有的作业很重要。解析：on time，意为“按时，准时”，强调事情发生于指定时间。例：The train leaves at 6:05 on time. 火车在6:05准时出发。辨析：on time，in timeon time意为“按时准时”，强调准点，指事情发生于指定时间，不早不晚in time意为“及时”，指动作在规定的时间内或提前发生。11. I cannot imagine my life without hobbies.我不能想象没有业余爱好的生活。解析：imagine意
10、为“想象，设想，既可做及物动词，又可做不及物动词。例：You cant imagine how I missed you all.你们不能想象我多么想念你们大家。拓展：imaginative adj. 想象的，富于想象力的。例：My brother is an imaginative boy.我的弟弟是一个富有想象力的男孩。12. I dream of a long holiday so that I could have more time for my hobbies.我梦想有一个长假，好让我有更多时间从事我的业余爱好。解析：so that意为“以便,以至于；为的是”，引导目的状语从句，表
11、示一种意图或可能性，相当于in order that，该从句常用can/ could, may/ might, should, would等情态动词，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号。例：Daniel works hard so that/ in order that he can pass the exam.丹尼尔努力学习为的是能通过考试。拓展：(1) so that引导的目的状语从句可以与表示目的的动词不定式(not) to do或in order (not) to do互换。例：He went to the railway station so that he could meet his
12、parents.= He went to the railway station to meet his parents.= He went to the railway station in order to meet his parents.他去火车站是为了接他的父母。(2) so that也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，该从句表示一种事实，从句中的谓语动词根据需要使用相应的时态，主、从句之间可以用逗号隔开。例：He had not planned his time well，so that he did not finish the project on time.他没有计划好
13、时间，因此没有按时完成项目。13. I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望快点收到您的来信。解析：hear from sb意为“收到某人的来信”，相当于receive/get a letter from sb。例：I have heard from him. 我已经收到了他的来信。拓展：(1) hear意为“听见，听到”强调听的结果。hear sb do sth意为“听到某人做某事”指听到动作的全过程。hear sb doing sth意为“听到某人在做某事”，指听到动作正在进行。例：We often hear her sing this song in the n
14、ext room.我们经常听到她在隔壁房间里唱这首歌。He heard the wind blowing.他听到了风在吹的声音。(2) hear of意为“听到，听说”，通常可与hear about互换。例：I heard about/of it not long ago. 我是不久前听说此事的。注意：hear from本身就意为“收到.的来信”，所以后面不可再接a letter 等词，即不可说hear a letter from。14. Then I get into trouble because my parents do not allow me to play outside aft
15、er 6 p.m.然后我就陷入麻烦中，因为我父母不允许我在晚上六点以后在外面玩。解析：allow是动词，意为“允许”；sb be allowed to do sth是被动结构，意为“某人被允许做某事”，其主动形式为allow sb to do sth；allow doing sth意为“允许做某事”。例：He doesnt allow fishing here. 他不允许在这儿钓鱼。Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant. 这家饭店不允许抽烟。15. I do not understand why they are so strict with me
16、.我不理解为什么他们对我要求这么严格。解析：strict是形容词，意为“严格的，严厉的”。例：Our teacher is very strict and we have to do what he says.我们的老师很严格，我们不得不按他说的去做。固定搭配：be strict in sth对某事要求严格；be strict wih sb对某人要求严格例：Our English teacher is strict in his work.我们的英语老师对工作要求严格。My parents are strict with me.我的父母对我要求严格。16. He has made a list
17、 of keywords in their litters.他列了一张他们的信里的关键词的列表。解析：list是可数名词，意为“清单”，make a list of 意为“列一个.的清单”。例：You should make a list of the things you want to buy.你应该把你想要买的东西列个清单。17. It seems that you spend a lot of time playing football.你好像花费很多时间踢足球。解析：seem是连系动词，意为“似乎,好像,看起来”。It seems that. 意为“好像/似乎.”，相当于seem t
18、o do sth。例：It seems that she knows it. = She seems to know it. 她好像知道这件事。拓展：(1) seem做系动词后面可接形容词做表语，意为“好像”。例：He didnt seem very sure. 他好像并不十分确定。(2) seem也可用于There be句型中。例：There seems to be trouble soon. 好像不久就会有麻烦。18. Daniel does not know whom he should talk to.丹尼尔不知道他应该和谁谈。解析：whom意为“谁(宾格)”，对宾语提问，可用who代
19、替。例：Whom/ Who are you witing for ? 你在等谁?注意：对宾语提问时可用 who替提whom，但对主语提问时，不可用whom替换who。19. I need silence when Im studying. 当我学习时我需要安静。解析：silence n.安静，寂静；沉默。例：Your silence on recent events surprises me.你对最近事件的沉默使我惊讶。固定搭配：in silence 默默地。拓展：silent adj.沉默的，寡言的；keep silent保持沉默。例：Youd better be silent about
20、what happened.对发生的事，你最好保持沉默。辨析：silent，quiet，calmsilent主要用于人，表示“沉默的，不出声的”，但不一定没有活动。quiet强调“安静”，指“安静的，宁静的”，没有干扰活动。calm强调“镇静的,平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇静”，指大自然“无风无浪”。一言辨异：He is a man of silence and he spent a quiet night again.他是一个沉默的人，又度过了一个安静的夜晚。20. Where can we buy a good dictionary?我们在哪能买到一本好字典?解析：dictionary意为“
21、字典，词典”，是可数名词，其复数形式为dictionaries。例：I want to buy a new dictionary. 我想买一本新词典。Heres an English-Chinese dictionary. 这儿有一本英汉词典。21. Soon they got his replies. 很快他们就收到了他的回复。解析：reply是可数名词，意为“答复，回答”。例：I shouted Hello，but there was no reply.我喊了一声“你好”，但是没人回答。固定搭配：in reply (to) 意为“答复”。拓展：reply vi.答复，回答。例：I wrot
22、e to him last week，but he hasnt replied.我上个星期给他写了信，但他没有回信。Have you replied to their invitation? 你已经回复他们的邀请了吗?She replied that it was impossible.她回答说那是不可能的。辨析： answer，replyanswer用法很广，可指口说或笔写的“回答”；reply较正式，指经过思考后详细的“回答,答复。一言辨异：The reply is not an answer. 答复不是回答。22. .，cannot run fast and hates swimming
23、 . ,不能跑得很快，讨厌游泳。解析：hate sth做及物动词时，意为“讨厌，不喜欢，憎恨”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等。hate doing sth不喜欢做某事，表示习惯性的行为；hate to do sth 则表示特定的具体行为。例：My mother hates travelling by plane.我的母亲不喜欢乘飞机旅行。I hate to trouble you. 我不喜欢麻烦你。辨析：hate，dislikehate表示“憎恨，怨恨”，含有强烈的感情色彩dislike没有hate那种强烈的情感，只是不喜欢而已。一言辨异：I dislike leaving it
24、to him；that means I hate to leave it to him.我不喜欢把这件事交给他办，那意思是说我对把这件事交给他办很反感。23. .，classmates laugh at her and call her a bookworm. .，同学们嘲笑她并叫她书虫。解析：laugh在这里做不及物动词，意为“笑,嘲笑”。例：He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。拓展：laugh n.笑，笑声，是可数名词。例：At first she was silent，then she gave a nervous laugh. 她一开
25、始默不作声，然后神经质地笑了一声。固定搭配：含laugh的短语laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 langh over 因.而发笑laugh to sb 对某人大笑 langh oneself to death笑得要死一言辨异：He smiled at me,and laughed at my jokes.他对我微笑，听了我的笑话哈哈大笑起来。24. Ive made little progress in my English,Millie.我在英语上没有取得一点进步,米莉。解析：progress意为“进展，进步”，是不可数名词。例：To know oneself is progress. 人贵
26、有自知之明。固定搭配：make progress取得进步。拓展：progress vi. 进展，前进。例：The year is progressing. 光阴似箭。25. Perhaps you should go over what youve learnt as often as possible.或许你应该尽可能经常地复习你所学的内容。解析：as often as possible意为“尽可能经常地”，相当于as often as you can/could.两个as之间用形容词或副词的原级。例：You should go to see your parents as often as
27、 possible.你应该尽可能经常地去看望你的父母。拓展：(1) as soon as 意为“一.就”，引导时间状语从句。例：Hell call you as soon as he arrives there. 他到那儿就会给你打电话。(2) as soon as you can 意为“尽可能快地，尽快”，指时间上尽快，相当于as soon as possile；as quickly as you can/as quickly as possible，意为“尽可能快地，尽快”，指速度上尽快；as much as you can/as much as possible，意为“尽可能多地”；as
28、 early as you can/as early as possible，意为“尽可能早地”。例：If you want to improve your spoken English，you must speak English as much as you can. 如果你想提高英语口语，你必须尽可能多地说英语。My mother always gets up as early as possible every day.我妈妈每天总是尽可能早地起床。26. What else? 其他的呢?解析：else意为“其他的，别的，有以下几种用法：（1）else放在somewhere，anywh
29、ere，nowhere等之后，做后置定语。例：We cant get it anywhere else. 别的地方我们弄不到它。（2）else 放在疑问代词what, who以及不定代词somebody，anybody，nobody，something，anything，nothing等之后，意为“还”。例：Who else is coming? 还有别人来吗?Is there anything else I can do for you?还有什么事我能为你做吗?（3）else放在疑问副词where,when等之后，意为“别的什么地方/别的什么时候”。例：When else can this
30、be arranged? 还可以在另外什么时间安排这件事吗?（4）else放在who以及somebody，anybody，nobody等之后时，可以用所有格形式elses。例：Who eises pen can this be? 这还会是谁的钢笔呢?辨析：else，otherelse和other均可意为“另外(的)，其他(的)”，但用法不同。else 只用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词及疑问副词，且必须后置；而other只用于修饰名词，且置于名词之前。一言辨异：The other boy asked where else she went.另一个男孩问她还去过别的什么地方。27. It helps
31、us understand what kinds of books or articles we are reading, and where we might find information.它帮助我们理解我们读的是哪类书或文章，以及我们可以在哪里找到信息。解析：kind做可数名词，意为“种类，类型”。a kind of意为“一种.” all kinds of意为“各种各样的. ”；different kinds of意为“不同种类的.”例：This is a new kind of machine. 这是一种新型机器。There are many different kinds of s
32、hoes in the shoe shop.那家鞋店里有许多不同种类的鞋子。拓展：kind做形容词，意为“亲切的，和善的，友好的。”例：It was very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。Our English teacher is always kind to us. 我们的英语老师总是对我们很亲切。28. There is an article called“The trouble with teenagers”.有一篇文章叫青少年的烦恼。解析：trouble是不可数名词，意为“忧虑，苦恼，麻烦；困难；疾病”。例：Is the boy much tr
33、ouble? 这个男孩很烦人吗?Nothing is ever too much trouble for him. 他从不把麻烦当回事。拓展：trouble做动词，意为“麻烦，打扰；使烦恼”。例：May I trouble you to pass the books,please? 麻烦你把书递给我，好吗?Never trouble trouble，until trouble troubles you, 别自寻烦恼。固定搭配：含trouble的短语：trouble sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事in trouble在困难中，处于困境中 fish in trouble water浑水摸
34、鱼have trouble with sth/(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 ask/look for trouble自寻烦恼get(sb )into trouble使(某人)陷入困境29. To get a general idea of a book or an article，we should ask some basic questions. 为了获得一本书或一篇文章的主要内容，我们应该问一些基础问题。解析：句中“To get a general idea of a book or an article”是动词不定式短语做目的状语。例：To catch the early
35、 bus,I got up very early this morning.为了赶上早班车，今天早上我起得很早。I went to the railway station to meet my friend last night.昨天晚上我去火车站接朋友了。30. When did it happen? 它是什么时候发生的?解析：happen是不及物动词，意为“(偶然)发生”sth happen to sb意为“某人发生某事”。例：Did you hear what happened to him last night? 你听说他昨天晚上发生了什么事吗?拓展：happen to do sth意
36、为“碰巧做某事”。例：We happened to meet him at the library. 我们在图书馆碰巧遇见了他。辨析：happen，take placehappen指事情的发生往往带有“偶然”或“意想不到”的意思，通常以物做主语take place多指“有计划地或安排好地发生或举行”，它的主语只能是事物，没有“偶然”的意味。一言辨异：That happened two years ago and after that some changes have taken place there. 那件事发生在两年前，之后那里发生了一些变化。31. She is shy and qui
37、et，and she has no new friends at school.她很害羞而且很安静，她在学校没有新朋友。解析：quiet是形容词，意为“安静的，平静的”；其反义词是noisy，意为“吵闹的”。例：Be quiet, please.请安静。My grandparents live in a quiet village.我的爷爷奶奶住在一个安静的村庄里。拓展：quietly adv. 安静地，平静地。例：He sat quietly at the back of the room. 他安静地坐在房间的后面。32. Thank you very much for telling me
38、 about your problems.非常感谢你告诉我你的问题。解析：Thank you for (doing) sth意为“因(做)某事而感谢你”，相当于Thanks for (doing) sth. ，介词for后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。例：Thank you for helping me carry the box. 谢谢你帮我抬箱子。拓展：thanks to是介词短语意为“幸亏，由于”，相当于because of，例：Thanks to you，I passed the English exam this time.多亏了你，我这次英语考试及格了。33. You ar
39、e unhappy with your weight, but you do not know how to change it.你因为体重不开心，但是你不知道怎样改变它。解析：weight意为“重量”，是不可数名词。例：My weight is 50 kilos. 我的体重是50千克。拓展：weigh vt. 称.的重量；vi. 重(若干)。例：Do you often weigh yourself ? 你常称体重吗?How much do you weigh ? 你有多重?34. I hope you think my advice is worth taking.我希望你认为我的建议值得
40、采纳。解析：advice是不可数名词，意为“建议，忠告”，可用some，much，a lot of，a little，a piece of/ pieces of等修饰；若要说明是某方面的建议时，advice后要接介词on,例：Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。拓展：advise vt. 建议，忠告； advise sb to do sth建议(劝告)某人做某事advise sb against doing sth劝告某人不要做某事； advise doing sth建议做某事。例：I often advise my father to give up smoking. 我经常劝我爸爸戒烟。He often advises people to use their brains. 他经常劝人多动脑。
