1、状语从句种 类从属连词例 句说 明时间状从whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever指的是“在任何时间”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。I was abo
2、ut to go swimming when our guide stopped me. 我正要去游泳这时向导把我拦住了。when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenHe usually walks when he might ride.虽然他有车可作，但他通常步行。They had only three
3、tables when they needed five.他们虽然需要五张桌子，可是只有三张。How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 如果你不宽恕别人，你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的I like watching TV while he l
4、ikes reading. 我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。while 做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.我虽然了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。While 引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主句之前。While there is life, there is hope.只要有生命，就有希望。While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as,翻译成“只要”asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，不时地一边走一
5、边向后看。as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生As I get older, I get more optimistic.两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。一边一边As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候，就开始下雨了。强调两个动作紧接着发生。As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.当他还是孩子时，就已对数学失去了希望。as+名词
6、，相当于时间状语从句beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。A. We waited a long time before he came out. 我们等了很长时间他才出来。B. We hadnt waited long before he came out.我们没等多久他就出来了。CHe died before he wrote a will.他还没来得及写遗嘱就死了。 The sun had set before we knew it.不知不觉的太阳已经落山了。 Leave me before I changed my
7、 mind.趁我还没有改变主意，快离开我。 Id die before I apologized to them.我宁死也不向他们道歉。 Get out before I call the police.滚开，否则我叫警察了。往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在之前”，A.“ 才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费的力气很大。）B.“就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力气很大。）C“还没有”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否则，要不然”It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. 再过五年他才能回国。It
8、 wont be long before we meet again.过不了多久我们就会再见面的。It+（not）be+some time+before从句。肯定句中，“多长时间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。until/till We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11点钟才停止工作。Unt
9、il he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。Mr. Li has
10、been here since he came back.自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。I have written home but once since I came here.自我到这儿以来，只给家里写过一封信。since后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从他病好以来，经常给我来信。since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.我戒烟已有两年了。It
11、has been two years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟已有两年了。It + be+ some time+since 短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一就我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got ho
12、me when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。一就Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，
13、就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来
14、时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他一到达巴黎，就呗认出是一个贵族，并被关进了监狱。on doing sth.或on ones +名词地点状从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there
15、 is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的地点。原因状从becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强not becauseb
16、ut because 不是因为而是因为partly because 部分是因为because because of sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHe must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是病了，因为他今天没有来。不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the wo
17、rd in the dictionary.由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。Now(th
18、at) everybody is here, lets begin.既然每个人都在，那我们开始吧。seeing (that), now that, considering that和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去in that中that不能省略。now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that 可以省略。目的状从thatso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I
19、 may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免感冒。目的
20、状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号in case Take your raincoat in case it rains.带上你的雨衣，以防下雨。He left early in case he (should) miss the last train.他动身很早，以防误了最后一班火车。In case “以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，in case从句可使用should，但sho
21、uld也可以省略。结果状从so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that前有逗号为结果状语从句sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an intere
22、sting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有趣的书，大家都想看。suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asonceDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。W
23、e shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。unless从句
24、的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时suppose/supposing (that)假定provided/providing (that) ;on condition (that) 在条件下，以为条件Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 假如明天下雨，我们该怎么办？Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.要
25、是孩子们能跟我一起去，我就去。Ill allow you to go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the bank.我将允许你去游泳，条件是你不能游的离岸边太远。方式状从asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什
26、么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处as译为：按照或正如as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气as it is/wasI thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.我原以为情况会有所好转，但事实上反而更糟了。Leave it as it is. 别动它（让它保留原来的样子）。用于句首时，用来陈述真
27、实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上，实际情况是”；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为as they are/were。as it wereHe is, as it were, a walking dictionary.他可以说是本活字典。The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.天空仿佛覆盖着一层黑幕。用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为as it is (was)让步状从althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (ye
28、t) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if, even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和even t
29、hough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how)Do it no matter
30、what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。no matter与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,howe
31、ver)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。短语“尽管”In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we have to depend on him.尽管他有时很自私，我们还是得依靠他。Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.有些人做事根本不管后果
32、。for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that, regardless of (of the fact)等。orRight or wrong, this is my temper.不管正确与否，这是我的脾气。East or west, home is best.金屋银屋，不如自家的土屋。or连接的两个意义相反的词语，在句中也表让步。比较状从asas ,not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so (as)
33、 fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用asas否定句可用not asas 或not soasthanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。the more
34、the moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。 the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从
35、句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面高考状语从句汇总1（ 全国卷I 25）. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B although C. while D. as if2（ 全国卷I 30）. The little boy wont go to sleep _his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether3（全国卷II 7）. Tom was about to close the
36、 windows_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till4（安徽卷29）. The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. wherever B. Whenever C. even if D. as if 5（安徽卷33）. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you
37、a larger one _it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until6（北京卷30）. they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once7（福建卷26）.The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rush
38、ed out to greet her .A. before B. until C. as D. since8（湖南卷32）. Tim is in good shape physically_ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as9（江西卷22）. Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter you enjoyed yourselves.A. as long as B. unless C. as so
39、on asD. though10（辽宁卷29）. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if11（山东卷28）. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. un
40、less12（陕西卷20）. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since13（四川卷20）. Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D. until14（重庆卷32）. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that
41、no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what15（上海卷34）. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem16（上海卷39）. our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C If D. After参考答案： 1-5 CBACA 6-10 DABAC 11-16 DCCBBB
