1、名词的学习一 名词的概述：名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名 词的词。可以说名词是万物之名词。二 名词的分类：名词 专有名词：表示具体的人、事物 地点或机构的专有名 称，如the Great Wall，Tom，America， the Peoples Republic of China. 普通名词 个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词，如apple、ship 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名词，如family、 class、people、team等。 物质名词：表示无法分为个体实物的名词，如ink、tea、 fire、water、rain、air、bread等。 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的名
2、词，如表示动作、状态、品 质或其它的抽象概念的名词，如happiness、 friendship、heath、leadership等。注：巧记不可数名词的歌诀： 金木水火土，肉食面茶布。 gold、wood、water、fire、soil，meat、flour、food、tea、cloth例：1、There are two kinds of （bread）in the shop.2、There are many different kinds of （fish）in the lake.考点1：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词并非绝对，如上述例题中物质名词在表示不同种类/类别的该物质时也可用作可数名
3、词，可以有复数形式。三：名词的数1、 可数名词单数变复数的规则：规则变化 一般情况：在词尾加-s，如book-books、car-cars 以s、x、ch、sh结尾：在词尾加-es，如box-boxes、watch-watches 以辅音字母加y结尾：把y变i加-es，如city-cities 以f或fe结尾：把f或fe变为v后加-es，如knife-knives 辅音字母加o结尾 有生命：在词尾加-es，如potato-potatoes 无生命：在词尾加-s，如piano-pianos注：a.巧记常见的以辅音字母加0结尾的名词加-es变复数的三个单词： 英雄（hero）爱吃土豆（potato
4、）和西红柿（tomato）。b.巧记以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数的歌诀： 树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀上山冈，架后窜出一只狼，好像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf，half，self；wife，knife；shelf，wolf；thief，life例：“What do we need for the salad？”“We need two apples and three ？”A. orange B.tomatoes C.broccoli考点2：可数名词复数形式的考查。不规则变化 变oo为ee，如foot-feet、tooth-teeth 变a为e，如man-men、woman-women、fireman-
5、firemen 在词尾加-ren，如child-children 单复数相同，如fish、deer、sheep 表示哪国人 中日不变，如Chinese，Japanese 英法把man变成men，如Englishman-Englishmen 其它一般加-s，如Canadian-Canadians注：a.巧记不规则名词单数变复数口诀： oo常要变ee，foot-feet是一例；男人、女人a变e，woman-women又一 例。还有一个应记准，child的复数是children。鹿和绵羊是一家，单数、 复数无变化。B.巧记“某国人”变复数口诀： 中日不变英法变，其余后面-s添。某国人后含女男，a变e
6、来记心间。例：The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit考点3：可数名词和不可数名词的区分；单复数同形的名词考查。2、 不可数名词的“量”的表达： 经常由可数名词来帮助表达，常用结构表示数量的词+量词+of+不可数名 词，如a cup of tea，two bottles of water，a bowl of rice.（此结构也 可用于表示可数名词的量，如a basket of apples，two bags of potatoes.）例：Can I
7、 help you？Id like for my twin daughters.A. two pair shoes B.two pairs shoesC.two pairs shoes D.two pairs of shoes考点4：表示名词量的固定短语的考查。3、 修饰名词的数量词只能修饰可数名词的有：many、several、hundreds of、thousands of、millions of、a number of、a group of、a pair of、quite a few、（a） few、only a few、very few等.只能修饰不可数名词的有：much、a grea
8、t deal of、a bit of、a drop of、a drop of、a piece of、（a) little等.既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有：some、any、plenty of、a lot of等.4、 只有复数形式的名词： clothes、trousers、glasses、scissors、shorts、pants、jeans （以上名词在句中用作复数，谓语动词或相应的代词要使用复数形式。）四、 名词所有格 1.加s构成 表示有生命的人或事物的名词的所有格，一般在词尾加s， 如Marys bike、the students books 表示时间、距离、国家、城镇、价
9、值等无生命的名词的所有格， 也可以加s构成，如an hours walk、Qingdaos parks 2.以s、es结尾的名词，一般只加构成， 如my friends hometown、 Teachers Day 3. 表示几个人共有时，只在最后一个名词的末尾加s或； 如果是表示分别拥有，则在每个名词后都加s或。 如This woman is Tom and Jacks mother.These bikes are Toms and Jacks .4. 用of短语表示 对于无生命的东西，一般用of短语表示所有关系，如 the legs of the chair、the cover of th
10、e book 有生命的名词较长或名词有较长的定语时，常用of短语表 示所有关系，如the story of Dr. Smith、the bag of the woman with a baby in her arms例1：How far is it from your home to school？ Its about twenty walk.A. minutes B.minutes C.minutes例2：Jenny and Janes coming to my office.Can you help to find the girls？ No problem.They will be he
11、re .A. mothers are;in a moment B.mother is;at the momentC.mothers are;right away D.mother is;in a moment考点5：名词所有格和短语时态的考查。五、 名词的用法1.主语：The boy opened the door. The radio says that it may stop raining later.2. 表语：Class 3 is the winner! Thomas Edison was a great inventor.3. 宾语：Im trying to draw a hors
12、e. I told him a story.4. 定语：We are discussing the population problem. There is a girl student in the classroom. All the women teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 5. 状语：He sat here a long time.6. 宾语补足语：He named her Jenny. We elected him monitor.7. 与介词连用：a kind
13、of.8. 称呼语：What are you doing,Jim? 名词专项练习（历届中考题）1.Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule2.Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! Mind your own _ ,Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way3.The lette
14、r from my uncle was short. There wasnt_ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few4.-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night? -Because I didnt have any_with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money5.John always says that he likes apples of all the _ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks6.-You look worri
15、ed. Whats your _ ? -I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job7.-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? -Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information8.Emma, who are you taking _ of at home? My grandma, she g
16、ot hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care 9.-How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? -You have to wait till _ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter10.Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention11._ the teachers in their
17、 school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers. A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman12. Mike and his friend are going to the _ to see the new action movie tonight. A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema13.-Shall we go sh
18、opping now? -Sorry. Its not the right _. Im too tired. A. way B. weather C. place D. moment14.-Im afraid I cant get there before 9 oclock. -Thats OK. Theres _ .A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry15.-What makes you so upset? -I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didnt give me
19、a(n) _. A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse16.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news17.Look at the flowers! They are in different _: red, yellow, pink A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names18.Id like _ grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ or
20、ange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few19. What would you like to drink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread 20.-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? -Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business
21、21.We should not eat _ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too22. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little23.This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my si
22、sters24. A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list25.-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you? -OK. Lets go and buy some _ . A.orange B. bread C. chocolate26.Hurry up. Th
23、ere is _ time left. A. a little B. little C. Few27.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. idea 28.You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information29.The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.expe
24、rience C.surface D.service30.Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!.A. look B. noiseC. voice31.We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea D.news32.-Would you like some _? -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.books
25、C.clothes D.bread33.When will the 2010 World Expo(世博会) come to a close? Itll close at the end of _. A. September B. October C. November D. December34.It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job. A suggestion B decision C plan D speech35.Good news. We will have a _holiday. -Ive he
26、ard of it.But its coming in_. A.three days ; three days time B.three days; three days C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time36.Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? -Im afraid its not a good _.I have been there several times. A.way B.place C.advice D.idea37.Mr Black gave us _on how to
27、learn English well.A.an advice B.many advices C.some adviceD.some advices38. With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _. A. A friend of mineB. A friend of me C. A friend of my sisterD. A friend of you 49.Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_ here. I cant do anything. A. sound B.
28、 voice C. noise D. footstep40.How many _can you see in the picture? Only one. A. dog B. sheep C. child D. tree 41.Whats your ? I like swimming. A.job B. age C.hobby D. Number42.What would you like，sir? . A. Two pop B. Two bottles pop C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottle of pop43.I have a_ for breakfa
29、st everyday. A. hot dog B. Cookie C. dumpling D. hamburger44.A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle has _ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving _ these days. A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy45.What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob? -Id love to.But iss not th
30、e right _.I am busy now. A.placeB.moment C.weather46.If you work hard,youll get good _. A.grades B.notesC.lessons D.answers47.Lucy, do you like _? -Yes.Most of my clothes are _. A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orange C.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange48. Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_ beca
31、use he has been here for over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home49.Im not sure about the meaning of the word. Youd better look it up in a _. A. letter B. dictionary C. postcard D. Notice50.-Whats the news about ? -_ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. A. A membe
32、r of B. A kind of C.A packet of D.A number of51.What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨栏）. A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters52.When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _. A. blackboard B. desk C. dicti
33、onary D. postcard53.I saw many _ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep54. The land in the southwest of China is in great need of . Yes ,it hasnt rained for a long time there. A. milk B.tea C coffee D. water 55.The pants I bought last year are too small now. I think I need a ne
34、w . A. belt B. pairC. shirtD. space56.Mike: I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market. Oscar: Well, you can make a of things you want to buy. A. Habit B. listC. pack D. wish57. What is the_of the 2010 World Expo（世博会）? It is “Better City, Better Life”. A. song B. theme C. custom58.Wo
35、uld you like some drinks, boys? Yes, _ , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola59.Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes60.She was very happy. She _in the math test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake答案：DCCDB CADCA CDDDB CABCC CCCDA BDDDC CDBBC DCACB CCDCB ABDBD AADDB BBDDC
