1、Unit 3Sports and Fitness Step 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章(2020浙江高考阅读理解C)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age,a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University o
2、f Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then,for eight years,the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those
3、who had held mentally stimulating(刺激),demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the particip
4、ants overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,”says Francisca Then,who led the study.“After a long run,you may feel like youre in pain,you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at worksure,you will feel tired,but it can help your brain stay healthy.”Its not just c
5、orporate jobs,or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit,then points out.A waiters job,for example,that requires multitasking,teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.And“running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(
6、协调),”she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”Of course,our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still,continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping y
7、our mind busy can only help.按要求完成任务1.Please translate the first paragraph into Chinese._2.How does your brain stay sharp according to the passage?_周三在周三在Neurology杂志发表的一项研究表明杂志发表的一项研究表明,需要大量分析思考、做计划和其需要大量分析思考、做计划和其他管理能力的富有挑战性的工作可能会使你的大脑在你变老时仍然很敏锐。他管理能力的富有挑战性的工作可能会使你的大脑在你变老时仍然很敏锐。Doing high-level offi
8、ce work,running a family household.Step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸;尊重;头衔【教材原句】As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.(P38)作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家赢得了荣誉。【词块必记】in honour of sb./sth.=in sbs./sths.honour向某人或某物表示敬意;为了纪念某人或某物be an honour to sb./sth.是某人/某物的光荣have the honour of doing
9、 sth.有幸做某事Its an honour to do.很荣幸做honour.for.因为而纪念in honour of出于对的敬意;为了纪念【语境速测】单句语法填空I feel_(honour)to be invited here to deliver a speech.It is _(honour)to make a life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.honouredhonourable完成句子_the contribution he has made to the citys development.因
10、为他对城市发展所做的贡献政府应该纪念这位工程师。He is a promising young engineer with _.他是一位很有前途的年轻工程师,拥有很多荣誉。The government should honour the engineer formany honours2.injure vt.使受伤;损害;伤害【典型例句】After suffering a serious injury,he could do nothing but sit on the stand to watch others playing football on the playground.在遭受了严
11、重的受伤之后,他除了坐在看台上观看操场上其他足球队员比赛之外什么也做不了。【词块必记】(3)injure ones health损害某人的健康injure ones feelings伤害某人的感情injure ones reputation损害某人的名誉【语境速测】单句语法填空Some of the _(injure)who are in critical condition are being treated in a hospital.Tom got badly _ in the car accident.The _ to his leg was really serious.(injur
12、e)句式升级(省略句改写)If it is necessary,take the person who are injured to the hospital at once._injuredinjuredinjuryIf necessary,take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.【写作金句】Hearing he wasnt injured in the car accident,everyone laughed in relief.听到他在车祸中没有受伤,大家都欣慰地笑了。3.failuren.U 失败,衰竭;
13、故障;C 失败的人或事物【教材原句】Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.(P38)乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中吸取教训。【词块必记】(1)fail vt.&vi 失败;没做成fail to do sth.未做成(2)heart failure心脏衰竭power failure停电【熟词生义】There were also several accidents mainly caused by engine failures on take-off.(故障,失灵)还有几起事故主要是由起飞时
14、发动机故障引起的。【语境速测】单句语法填空Not only did we forget to turn off the lights in the kitchen,but we also failed _(lock)the front door.Under great pressure,I couldnt apply myself to study,resulting in_(fail)in the examination.完成句子_(上一次的活动失败了),so were pinning all our hopes on the next one to save the business.It
15、 was _(直到我在生活中遇到很多失败)I realized knowledge is valuable.to lock failingThe last event was a failureonly when I had failures in my life that4.stress n.压力;紧张;重音;vt.使紧张;重读;强调;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安【典型例句】Exercise can make people feel more energetic,less stressed and,yes,happier.锻炼可以使人们感觉更有精力,不那么有压力,是的,更快乐。【词块必记】(1
16、)under stress在压力之下put sb.under great stress使某人感到沉重的压力lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事物(2)stress the importance of强调的重要性(3)stressful adj.有压力的【语境速测】单句语法填空After a _ week of work,all the employees were extremely _ and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under _.(stress)Things can easil
17、y go wrong when people are_ stress.完成句子_many times,learning English well is of great importance to your career development in future.正如所多次强调的,学好英语对未来事业发展是很重要的。stressfulstressedstress underAs has been stressed.核心短语5.rather than而不是【典型例句】It was the culture,rather than the language,that made it hard for
18、 him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。【词块必记】other than不同于;除了外or rather更确切地说more than多于;不仅仅;非常prefer to do sth.rather than do sth./would do sth.rather than do sth./would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做而不愿做【名师点津】rather than而不是,连接两个并列成分;连接并列主语时谓语动词与rather than前面主语一致。【语境速测】一句多译孩
19、子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去,也不愿整天待在家里。The children _at home all the day.(prefer to do rather than do)=The children _at home all the day.(would rather do sth.than do)=The children _at home all the day.(would do sth.rather than do)preferred to cycle to the countryside rather than staywould rather cycle to the countr
20、yside than staywould cycle to the countryside rather than stay【写作金句】I made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.我下定决心更加努力学习而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在无用的事情上。.经典句式6.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球队员不应该假摔即使这样会帮助他/她的球队。【典型例
21、句】Children will act positively when they are praised,even if it is just a nod with a smile.当孩子们受到赞扬的时候他们会表现得很积极,即使仅仅是一个微笑着点头的动作。【句型公式】even if/even though通常引导让步状语从句,意为“即使,尽管”,所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。as if/as though意为“好像、好似”。【语境速测】单句语法填空He was so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his
22、 son even if he _(want)to.She walked here and there on the playground as if _(look)for something.句式升级He wont come to our party even if he is invited.He wont come to our party _.(省略句)wantslookingeven if invited7.Jordans skills were impressive,but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.乔丹的
23、技巧给人们留下了深刻的印象,但是他所展示的精神力量使得他与众不同。【典型例句】Though injured seriously,he tried to cheer up,hoping to make his parents less worried.虽然受伤很严重,他依然努力振作,希望能使他的父母不那么担心。【句型公式】“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构有以下几种形式:(2)make+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语make it+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do(其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语)make+it+形容词/名词+that从句make+it+no goo
24、d/no use.+doing sth.(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有:think,consider,find,feel等。【语境速测】单句语法填空Schools must try to make science more _(attract)to students.Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures,_(make)it a happy home for us.The Internet has made _ possible for us to get to know what happens aroun
25、d the world in much less time.【句式升级】I have a good command of English.I make it easier for me to find a good job.I have a good command of English,_.(非谓语动词形式)attractivemakingitmaking it easier for me to find a good job【写作金句】Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make peop
26、le familiar with them.接触日常生活中使用的英语可以使人们熟悉它们。【备选要点】1.pretend vi.&vt.假装;装扮【典型例句】I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine.我一直在对自己撒谎,假装一切都很好。【词块必记】【语境速测】单句语法填空He pretended _(read)an important paper when the boss came in.She _(pretend)that she likes them so that she can get their he
27、lp.完成句子She _when we met in the street,which really made me upset.我在街上见到她时,她装作不认识我,这确实使我很伤心。to be readingpretendspretended not to know pete vi.对抗;竞争【典型例句】To compete more effectively with others,more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.为了更有效地与他人竞争,越来越多的人用更高级的教育武装自己。【词块必记】(1)compet
28、e in.参加比赛compete against/with与比赛compete for.为争取/得到而比赛/竞争(2)competition n.比赛competitiveadj.有竞争力的competitor n.竞争者;对手【语境速测】单句语法填空Life is like a long race where/in which we often compete _others to go beyond ourselves.All the excited _ who are relatively _ are _ for the honour of winning the gold medal
29、in the _.(compete)完成句子We can _debate contests or speech contests.我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。withcompetitorscompetitivecompetingcompetitioncompete with students from other schools e along跟随;到达;进步;赶快【典型例句】Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight?今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?【词块必记】come about发生come
30、across(偶然)遇见come up with追上;赶上;想出(主意);提出come out出现,结果是;出版come to恢复知觉;共计;达到(某种状态)when it comes to.当谈到【熟词生义】Come along!Were late.快点!我们迟到了。(快点,加油)【语境速测】用come短语填空A large quantity of waste is produced every day on average.Thus,a wide range of environmental pollution problems _Several of his novels _since
31、he graduated.He opened the oven door to see how the food _.Several of the members have _suggestions of their own.Once I _setbacks,my mother will always encourage me to carry on.have come about.have come outwas coming alongcome up withcome across【写作金句】When it comes to the season I like best,spring wi
32、ll always occur to me in no time.当谈到我最喜欢的季节,我立刻会想到春天。4.work out锻炼;计算出;解决;制定出;发展【典型例句】Sometimes parents should leave their children to work out problems in their own fashion.有时父母应该让孩子以自己的方式解决问题。【词块必记】work on从事于,致力于work up激起热情,逐步完善【语境速测】写出黑体部分的词义The more you work out,the more energetic you will become
33、.()His project which was designed to help the students in need just didnt work out as planned.()Things just didnt work out as planned.()This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.()锻炼锻炼制定出制定出发展发展解决解决Step 3 强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020新高考全国卷)Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and mon
34、ey with other amusements.2.(2020全国卷)But we find it difficult to make the plot _(adapt)complete and attractive enough.3.(2020全国卷)Now that youve listed your _(strength),list your imperfections.4.(2020天津高考)Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who _(cheat)of her money.foradaptedst
35、rengthshad been cheated.选词填空In my opinion,good health lies in regular exercise and positive attitude.Meanwhile,you ought to eat healthy food _being _for no reason.In addition,_your time is limited,do take exercise regularly to build up your strength,which will _to your health.To sum up,by _ _yoursel
36、f and your body,you can live a healthy and happy life.make a difference,being positive about,even if,rather than,on dietrather thanon dieteven ifmake a differencebeingpositive about.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Here are two world-famous 1._(legend).One is Lang Ping,the other isMichael Jordan.Lang Ping used to b
37、e a player,who brought honour and glory to her country.Years later she became a coach,2._ led the womens volleyball team to medals at world championships and 3._ Olympics.When 4._(prepare)for the 2015 World Cup,the team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.One of the best players had been inju
38、red,and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.5._(lose)two important players was a big challenge for her,but she did not lose heart.She knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team.Two weeks 6._(late),they were world champions!legendswhothepreparing Losin
39、glaterMichael Jordan,7._(know)as“Air Jordan”,changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.Jordans skills were impressive,but the mental strength that he 8._(show)made him unique.Jordan says that the secret 9._ his success is learning from his failures.Losing games taught him to practise 10._
40、(hard)and never give up.In life,Jordan has learnt to share his success with others.The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.knownshowedtoharderStep 4 直击高考培养思维品质.话题与阅读填句(2019北京高考阅读填句)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams.Most people
41、 believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.1Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?2They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players
42、 to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70%of the players are top talent;above that level,theteams performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomeno
43、n,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.3In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when the
44、re is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If abasketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting th
45、e teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”4 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope
46、 with less force.5An A-team may require a balancenot just A players,but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attent
47、ion.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and baske
48、tball.【文章大意】在当今的世界,很多任务是靠团队完成的。但在运动团队中花费很多钱雇用顶尖队员是否可取?1.【解析】选B。考查上下文逻辑关系。前文是说“在当今的世界,很多任务是靠团队完成的。但在一个伟大的团队中,可能聚集了很多天才的个人”;而后文说“公司花数百万雇用顶尖人才,花那么多的钱值得吗?”所填空处承上启下,具体说一个例子,比如说运动团队,故选B。millions是关键词。2.【解析】选E。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文“They focused on football,basketball and baseball.”,故E项“最近几份研究核查了天才在运动界的角色”,前后对应,故选E
49、。3.【解析】选G。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文“In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.”,是说棒球主要靠个体,而不是靠团队的力量,棒球与足球和篮球不同,故选G。individual是关键词。4.【解析】选D。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据上文“Young children learning to play team sports are often told”以及所举的例子,本部分是说篮球是需要团队的力量的,不突出个人,故D项“显然,顶尖队员并不遵守这种体育精神基本的原则”,
50、与前面相呼应。5.【解析】选F。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据后文“An A-team may require a balancenot just A players,but a few generous B players as well.”可知,建立一个理想的团队不仅仅需要顶尖运动员,其实是很复杂的,故选F。【微技能点拨】利用衔接手段搞定七选五做题时要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感,衔接手段分为三种:词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。考生可以根据这几个原则判断原文的空处与选项是否匹配。一旦确定一个选项,就要在该选项上做出标记(例如可以删掉),以避免干扰和分散注意力。将选项代入到文章中重读,依据行文逻
