1、20202020中考语法专项中考语法专项 非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）分词）构成构成句子成分句子成分不定式不定式todo除谓语外的任除谓语外的任何成分何成分有将要之意有将要之意分分词词现在现在分词分词doing表语表语 宾语宾语 定定语语 状语状语主动、进行主动、进行过去过去分词分词done表语表语 宾语宾语 定定语语 状语状语被动、完成被动、完成动名词
2、动名词doing主语主语 宾语宾语 表表语语 定语定语表一般情况表一般情况动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式 to do 的 用法1.To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。2.To get up early makes you healthy.早起使你健康。3.It is wrong to play tricks on others.捉弄别人是错误的。4.Its our duty to clean the classroom.打扫教室是我们的责任。注意：动词不定式短语作句子的主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形
3、式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。即用“It is形容词to do sth.”或“It is 名词to do sth.”结构。It takes sb.some timeto do sth.；It seems/appearsadj.to do sth.等。不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等。1.His wish is to be a policeman.他的愿望就是当一名警察。2.The first important thing is to save the tourists life now.现在最重要的事情就是救那名游客的性命。动词不定式 to do 的 用法(3)作宾语作宾语常见的
4、跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有decide(决定)，would like(想；要)，hope(希望)，plan(计划；打算)，learn(学会)，seem(好像；似乎)，ask(请求)，choose(选择)，fail(失败)，agree(答应；同意)等。动词不定式 to do 的 用法 1.We agreed to start early.我们答应早点动身。2.Id like to go with you.我想和你一块去。3.She decided to study abroad.她决定出国留学。4.They planned to go hiking.他们计划徒步旅行。巧学妙计:后跟to do作宾
5、语的动词：决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope)，同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend)，胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail)，准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help)，提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford)，答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed)，以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。动词不定式 to do 的 用法(4)作宾语补足语 常见的接带to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语的动词有tell(告诉),ask(请求),want(要),orde
6、r(命令),teach(教),invite(邀请),wish(希望),help(帮助),warn(警告),get(使)等。I told him not to draw on the wall.我告诉他别在墙上画。My brother taught me to read when I was three.三岁时，我哥哥就教我读书。We wish her to go to a good college.我们希望她能上一所好大学。His mother warned him not to go swimming in the river.他母亲警告他别在那条河里游泳。动词不定式 to do 的 用法巧
7、学妙计巧学妙计:后跟后跟to do 作宾语补足语的动词或短语列举如下：作宾语补足语的动词或短语列举如下：告诉、请求、要、命令告诉、请求、要、命令(tell,ask,want,order)希望、邀请、教、帮助希望、邀请、教、帮助(wish,invite,teach,help)警告、喜欢、使警告、喜欢、使(人人)恨恨(warn,like,get,hate)注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但在变为被动语态
8、时，不定式符号to要还原。eg.：The boss made the workers work all night.The workers were made to work all night by the boss.那个老板让工人们工作了一整夜。(5)作定语动词不定式短语作定语，须放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.医生说他没有办法帮助这个男孩。注意：如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，切记不能忘掉介词。I have a s
9、mall room to live in.我有一间小屋居住。Do you have a pen to write with？你有写字的钢笔吗？动词不定式 to do 的 用法6作状语(1)表原因。Im sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很抱歉。(2)表目的。作目的状语既可放在句首，也可放在句末。To keep healthy，we should eat less meat.We should eat less meat to keep healthy.为了保持健康我们应该少吃肉(3)表结果。作结果状语时，常与一些有终止意义的动词连用。如：learn，find，see，make等
10、。A few years later we came to our home to find that our hometown had greatly changed.几年后我们回到家里，发现家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。动词不定式 to do 的 用法注意：两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号常常省略。She has learned to read and write.她已经学会了读和写。I dont want to visit my teacher or ask him some questions.我不想去拜访我的老师，也不想向他问问题。动词不定式 to do 的
11、 用法7.疑问词动词不定式疑问词动词不定式动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how,when,where,which等之后，作主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。Its a question how to get there.怎样到那儿是个问题。I dont know what to say.我不知道说什么。He showed me how to use the computer.他教我怎样用电脑。动词不定式 to do 的 用法There is no difference between the two words.I really dont know _Ato choose whichBwhich
12、to chooseCto which choose Dto chooseexercises:1.Whenever we kids come over,Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything.A.make B.made C.to make D.making2.)Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network？Right.5G will allow us English movies faster th
13、an ever.AdownloadBdownloads Cto download Ddownloading3.Daniel，do you know that bees never get lost.Yes.Bees always remember the same way as they went.Acome back Bcame back Ccoming backDto come back4.The government is setting up nature parks protect pandas.Ato help Bhelp Chelped Dhelps5.In China,pare
14、nts will do everything they can _ their children.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helps动名词 V-ing 动名词动名词由“动词ing”构成，具有名词的特征和功能，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，其否定形式为“not动词ing”。其常见用法如下：作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。作宾语时，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语，表示经常性的动作或长期的习惯。I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。Sta
15、mps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。动名词 V-ing avoid doing避免做consider doing考虑做enjoy doing喜欢做finish doing完成做forget doing忘记做过imagine doing想象做mind doing介意做practice doing练习做remember doing记得做过suggest doing建议做be busy doing忙于做be used to doing习惯于做be worth doing值得做cant help doing忍不住做devote oneself to do
16、ing献身于/致力于做end up doing以做作为结尾feel like doing想要做give up doing放弃做have fun doing做很开心have trouble/difficulty doing做有困难keep(on)doing继续/一直做look forward to doing盼望做make(a)contribution(s)to doing为做贡献prefer doing to doing与相比更喜欢含动名词的常见搭配 .忘记做过某事（已做）/忘记去做某事（未做）2./.3.(继续去做别的事)/（继续做某事）We had supper and went on t
17、o watch TV.我们吃过晚饭，接着看电视。He didnt have a rest and went on working.他没有休息，继续工作。4./5./I mean to go，but my father will not allow me to.我打算去，但我父亲不会允许我去。Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。6.(遗憾要做某事)/We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.我们很遗憾地通知你，我们没法给你这份工作。I didnt regret te
18、lling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉她我的想法。7./exercises:1.I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant _ too much time_ that.A.take;doing B.spend;doing C.spend;for doing D.take;to do2.We know that she enjoys _ books very much.Aread Breads Creading Dto read3.Would you mind care of my pet fish while Im away on
19、 holiday？AtakeBtaken Cto takeDtaking4.Mr.Wu keeps his students that the future belongs to the welleducated.Atelling Bto tell Cordering Dto order5.Where is Mike？I saw him with Mr.Smith in the hallway just now.Ato talk Btalking Ctalked Dtalks功能说明例句定语现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。1.Do you k
20、now the girl singing in the room？你认识房间里唱歌的女孩吗？2.Do you know a girl called Linda？你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗？状语作状语时，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状态等。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；过去分词作状语时，其与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。1.The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。2.Working there，he was an advanced worker.在那儿工作时，他是一名先进的工人
21、。(时间状语)3.Bitten by the neighbors dog，he dare not go there any more.由于被邻居的狗咬了，他再也不敢去那儿了。(原因状语)4.Lefttoitselfintheroom,thebabybegantocry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。（时间状语）功能功能说明说明例句例句表语现在分词多指主语的性质、特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。The opera is very moving.这出歌剧很感人。The boy is too excited to say a word.男孩激动得说不出话来。补足语现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语
22、或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。1.Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。2.I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。3.Hell have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。英语形式英语形式成分词类成分词类主语主语谓语谓语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语 非非谓谓语语动动词词不定式to do 动名词V-ing 分 词现在分词 过去分词 exercises:1.He
23、took off his expensive watch the fact that he was rich.Ato hideBhid Chide Dhidden2.Life is like a story.your story wonderful，youd better improve yourself all the time.AMakeBTo make CMaking DMade3.Smartphones by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.AmadeBmaking Cto make Dmake4.So
24、mething is wrong with my bike.I will have to get it .Ato repairBrepairing CrepairDrepaired5.Tom，have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens？Yes，I finished reading it last winter vacation.AwroteBto write CwritingDwritten6.Where is Mike？I saw him with Mr.Smith in the hallway just now.Ato talkBtalking Ctalked Dtalks
