1、不定式由不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，没有人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语。没有人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作征，在句中可以作主、宾、宾补、表、主、宾、宾补、表、定、状定、状等等。Grammar:the Infinitive1一一.不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能1.作主语作主语:那样做是很幼稚的那样做是很幼稚的.To act like that is childish.为避免句子出现为避免句子出现“头重脚轻头重脚轻”现象，现象，常用常用it 做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。做形式主语，
2、将真正主语的不定式后置。要学好英语不是那么容易的。要学好英语不是那么容易的。It is not easy to learn English well.22.作宾语作宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。她喜欢谈论这件事情。She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作。他希望不久能找到工作。He hopes to find a job soon.3常接不定式做宾语的动词有常接不定式做宾语的动词有：promise,hope,love,ask,attempt,begin,choose,continue,decide,hate,learn,manage,mean,nee
3、d,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,refuse,want,wish等等.4 你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Do you remember which way to get there?我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。Ill ask him how to operate the machine.1)有时有时不定式和不定式和连接代词连接代词/副词副词构成宾语构成宾语。52)有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3)feel,find,jud
4、ge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾补是形容词或名词，常用宾补是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，作形式宾语，把不定式后移。把不定式后移。我发现和他一起工作很困难。我发现和他一起工作很困难。I find it difficult to work with him.6She asked me to stay there.Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.【译】爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。【译】爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。Father will not allow
5、us to play on the street.3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语:动词动词+宾语宾语+to doto do7常带常带 to 的不定式做宾补的动词有的不定式做宾补的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach等。等。8在在中中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略省略to:“五看五看”(see,wat
6、ch,notice,observe,look at)“三使三使”(make,let,have)“两听两听”(hear,listen to)“一感觉一感觉”(feel)。Who made him work all night long?The policeman saw a child play in the street.Dont make the children do such heavy work.但是但是,改为改为后后,应补出省略的应补出省略的to。He was seen to break the window.9The policeman saw a child play in th
7、e street.A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.104.作表语作表语不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。My work is to clean the room every day.他的梦想是成为一名医生。他的梦想是成为一名医生。His dream is to be a doctor.我的工作是帮助病人。我的工作是帮助病人。My job is to help the patient.11我的抱负是在电脑公司里工作。My ambition is to work in a co
8、mputer firm.125.作定语作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作表示未发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.I have some books for you to read.She is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.136.作状语作状语目的状语目的状语:常用的结构常用的结构to do,in order to do,
9、so as to do.I come here to say good-bye to you.结果状语结果状语:常与常与only,enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因状语原因状语:一般用在句尾。一般用在句尾。Im glad to see you.14二、二、不定式的否定结构不定式的否定结构：not+to do否定副词否定副词 not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在
10、街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.15三三.不定式的时态不定式的时态：1.一般时一般时表示的动作表示的动作,有时与谓语动词表示的有时与谓语动词表示的 动作动作同时发生同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作动作之后之后。He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。2.完成时完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作动作之前之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉
11、给了你这么多麻烦。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.163.一般进行时一般进行时表示的动作正在进行表示的动作正在进行,与谓语与谓语 动词表示的动作动词表示的动作同时发生同时发生。他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什么东西。He seems to be eating something.4.完成进行时完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并表示的动作从过去开始并延续延续 至说话的时候至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said to have been working on the problem for
12、 many years.17不定式主动形式用法一般式to do 在谓语动词之后或同时发生完成式to have done在谓语动词之前发生一般进行式to be doing与谓语动词同时发生完成进行式to have been doing动作从过去延续至说话时。18Practice1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest2.Were planning _ a party next week.A.to have B.have C.ha
13、ving D.had C A 193.-Which do you prefer _ your weekends,fishing or watching TV?-Neither.A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend4.Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?A.when to take B.to take C.have taken D.being takenB A 205._ get a complete picture,further information is needed.A.In order
14、 that B.In order to C.Being D.To have 6.Its necessary _ some English grammar.A.for students to learn B.for students learning C.of students to learn D.of students learningB A 217.I ought to _ him the news,but I forgot to do so.A.remember to tell B.remember telling C.have remembered to tell D.have rem
15、embered tellingC 228.I _ you the exciting news,but you were not at home.A.meant telling B.meant to telling C.meant to having told D.meant to tellD 231.It is good to help others.2.My ambition is to work in the computer firm.3.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.4.A big company has
16、 decided to buy it from me.5.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.6.We must call on local government to give assistance to disabled people.辨别不定式辨别不定式(主宾宾补表定状主宾宾补表定状)在句中充当的成分在句中充当的成分:主语主语表语表语定语定语宾语宾语状语状语宾语补足语宾语补足语241.Summarize the rules of infinitive in your own way.2.Finish the exercises of the textbook on Page 5.Homework 25
