1、 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一一 什么什么 是宾语从句?是宾语从句?试比较宾语从句连接词宾语从句连接词:1.陈述句2.一般疑问句3.特殊疑问句that if/whether原有的连接代词原有的连接代词和连接副词和连接副词1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(that)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ he will
2、 be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注:注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。当成分,在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses with that连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中,由于连词引导的宾语从句中,由于连词that只起引导功能,无具体意义,不担当任何成份只起引导功能,无具体意义,不担当任何成份,因此在口语或非正式的文
3、体中常可省略。然,因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而,大凡规则总有例外的情况,在下列而,大凡规则总有例外的情况,在下列that引引导的宾语从句中,导的宾语从句中,that则不能省略。则不能省略。1.从句的从句的主语主语是是that。如:。如:He says that that is a real kings hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如:从句中含有主从复合句。如:Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如:主、从句之间有插入语时。如:It
4、 says here,on this card,that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。4.若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连词连词that可以省略。如:可以省略。如:She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她说她要来,还要带她的儿子来。她说她要来,还要带她的儿子来。.if和和whether引导宾语从句时,作引导宾语
5、从句时,作“是否是否”讲,一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。讲,一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。但但if常用于口语中,常用于口语中,whether比较正式。如:比较正式。如:Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知道天是否会下雨。Object clauses with if and whether由由if/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句
6、变化方法:变化方法:主句主句+if/whether+一般疑问句。一般疑问句。if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,表示,表示“是否是否”之义,之义,在句中不充当句子成份,在句中不充当句子成份,if/whether可互换。可互换。2.在句子前加上从属连词在句子前加上从属连词 whether,if该一般疑问句要变为该一般疑问句要变为陈述句陈述句形式。形式。If 与与whether 的区别的区别(不可替代的情况不可替代的情况)1.I dont know _ he will come or not.(与(与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether)2.That depends on
7、_he can come back.(介词后只能用介词后只能用whether)3.He wondered _to stay here the next week.(后与后与to do 不定式不定式连用只能用连用只能用whether)4._he will come is not decided.(句首只能用(句首只能用whether)whetherwhetherwhetherWhether 要注意时态变化:要注意时态变化:1.若主句是若主句是一般现在时一般现在时,从句用,从句用任何所需时任何所需时态。态。如:如:He wants to know if/whether they had a goo
8、d journey home.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2.若主句是若主句是一般过去时一般过去时,从句则用,从句则用跟过去相跟过去相关的时态。关的时态。即即一般现在时变为一般过去时、一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如:如:Did the train leave?She didnt know.She didnt know if/whether the train had left.3当宾语从句是当宾语从句是特殊疑问句
9、特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原时,连接词就用原来的疑问词,但来的疑问词,但从句一定要注意用陈述语序从句一定要注意用陈述语序。When did he leave forJapan?could you When did he leave forJapan?could you tell me?tell me?=could you tell me=could you tell me when he left for when he left for Japan?Japan?总结一下吧!宾语从句的三要素:总结一下吧!宾语从句的三要素:一、一、关联词关联词:that,if,whether,what,who,w
10、here,why和和how等。等。二、二、时态时态:当主句用一般过去时时态时,:当主句用一般过去时时态时,宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。三、三、语序语序:宾语从句用:宾语从句用陈述句语序陈述句语序,即,即“主语主语+谓语谓语”。如:。如:e.g.He asked me where my school was.I didnt know who she was.把下列各句变为宾语从句把下列各句变为宾语从句1.Is Jim at home?(I wonder)I wonder whether/if Jim is at home.2.Is June a good time t
11、o visit Hong Kong?(He wonders)He wonders whether/if June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.把下列各句变为宾语从句把下列各句变为宾语从句 3.Does he like sports?(Do you know)Do you know whether he likes sports?4.Will they play basketball after school?(He asks)He asks whether they will play basketball after school.把下列各句变为宾语从
12、句把下列各句变为宾语从句1.Where is Jim?(I wonder)I wonder where Jim is.2.When will the train leave?(He wonders)He wonders when the train will leave.把下列各句变为宾语从句把下列各句变为宾语从句 3.Where is my ipad?(Do you know)Do you know where my ipad is.4.Whats his name?(He told me)He told me what his name was.四、宾语从句的四、宾语从句的否定转移否定转移
13、:如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,guess,suppose 等,等,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中,即否定主句常要前移到主句中,即否定主句中的动词,而从句用肯定形式中的动词,而从句用肯定形式 即:即:主语为第一人称,否定在主主语为第一人称,否定在主句,翻译在从句。句,翻译在从句。Translate the following sentences.1.我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _.2.我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对.I _
14、your answer right.我们相信他还没走我们相信他还没走.We _ that he _.dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gonePractice:根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.我认为玛丽不回来了。我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want t
15、o know _ there is a train to Beijing.willcome was leaving if/whether 总结总结 句句 式式 连连 词词 句句 序序陈述句陈述句That 不变不变一般疑问句一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述句改为陈述句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词改为陈述句改为陈述句主句主句一般现在时态一般现在时态 一般过去时态一般过去时态从句从句保留原来时态保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外客观事实和自然现象除外时态问题时态问题()1.I wonder _.Im afraid well be late.(2
16、011山东青岛山东青岛)A.how we can be on time B.what we are going to do C.why we get to school late D.if we will arrive at the meeting on time中考链接中考链接D()2.Well plant trees tomorrow,and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us.(2011天天津津)A.if B.which C.what D.whereA()3.Do you know _ tomorrow?Sorry,I dont know.You
17、 may surf the Internet.(2011湖南湘潭湖南湘潭)A.whether will it rain B.if it will rain C.whether does it rainB()4.Mum,can we go to the art museum tomorrow?Sure.But first we should find out _.(2011广西南宁市广西南宁市)A.what can we do B.where we can go C.how can we go there D.if it will be openD()5.We dont know _ the m
18、eeting will be held soon.(2011内蒙古包头内蒙古包头)A.when B.what C.whether D.since C()6.Mary,could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow?I think she will come to school if she _ free.(2011山东滨州山东滨州)A.will take part in;will be B.takes part in;is C.will take part in;is D.takes part in;w
19、ill beC()7.Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?Sorry,Ive no idea.(2011广西百色广西百色)A.that B.which C.if D.whetherD()8.He said that light _much faster than sound.(2011山东枣庄山东枣庄)A.has travelled B.went C.travels D.travelledC()9.Can you tell me in the future?(2012江苏宿迁江苏宿迁)A.how life will be like B.how will life be like C.what life will be like D.what will life be likeC