1、语篇视角下的试卷讲评课Click here to add A title现现 状状Click here to add A title现现 状状不就是中考真题吗？都做过了Click here to add A title试卷讲评中的痛点试卷讲评中的痛点1.1.诊断评价目标模糊诊断评价目标模糊；（缺乏基于数据分析意识）；（缺乏基于数据分析意识）2.2.以教师为中心，以教师为中心，试卷讲评变成语言知识讲解试卷讲评变成语言知识讲解；（碎片化）；（碎片化）3.3.就题讲题就题讲题，无法让学生信服无法让学生信服，纠错表层化纠错表层化；（表层化）；（表层化）4.4.看到的只是题目，看不到这些题目所要表达的更
2、高目标看到的只是题目，看不到这些题目所要表达的更高目标。（思维、文化）。（思维、文化）Click here to add A title中考数据中暴露的痛点中考数据中暴露的痛点“语言积累不够，词块意识和语言积累不够，词块意识和语篇意识语篇意识不强。英语阅读教学仍比较侧重不强。英语阅读教学仍比较侧重“句句”，忽略了忽略了语篇教学语篇教学，很多学生只有碎片化知识，以致从词汇、语法、句法到，很多学生只有碎片化知识，以致从词汇、语法、句法到语语篇篇各个层面的知识掌握难以形成个比较各个层面的知识掌握难以形成个比较完整的知识网络结构完整的知识网络结构，如完形填空中，如完形填空中暴露出来的问题。暴露出来的问
3、题。”contents目录语篇的概念语篇解读的角度基于中考语篇案例分析教学评一致性何为语篇Click here to add A titleSlow语篇语篇Slow！Click here to add A titleu尽管国内外学者对“语篇”的定义不尽相同，各有侧重点，但通过总结会发现他们普遍认为语篇是具有一定交际目的和交际功能的语义单位。它可以是一个词，也可以是一个短语或者词组，还可以是一首小诗、一篇散文、一次对话、一场论文答辩、一次记者招待会的问答、或是一份科研报告、一本文稿等。语篇既可以是口头语也可以是书面语，无论语篇以什么形式体现，它都集它都集形式形式与与功能意义功能意义于一体，于一体
4、，合乎合乎语法、语法、语义和语用语义和语用连贯，连贯，并与一定的并与一定的语境语境密切联系。密切联系。语篇语篇Click here to add A titleu课标中对语篇知识的强调课标中对语篇知识的强调 “学习语篇知识是发展语言运用能力的基础。语篇知识在语言理解与表达过程中具有重学习语篇知识是发展语言运用能力的基础。语篇知识在语言理解与表达过程中具有重要作用。语篇知识有助于语言使用者有效理解听到或读到的语篇要作用。语篇知识有助于语言使用者有效理解听到或读到的语篇.从而提高阅读效从而提高阅读效果。果。.语篇知识有助于语言使用者根据交流的需要选择恰当的语篇类型、设计合理的语语篇知识有助于语言使
5、用者根据交流的需要选择恰当的语篇类型、设计合理的语篇结构、规划语篇的组成部分、保持语篇的衔接性和连贯性。篇结构、规划语篇的组成部分、保持语篇的衔接性和连贯性。”u语篇解读语篇解读 我们所说的语篇主要指我们进行教学以及试卷中出现的英语篇章。而语篇解读则主要是我们所说的语篇主要指我们进行教学以及试卷中出现的英语篇章。而语篇解读则主要是指运用语篇分析的方法进行指运用语篇分析的方法进行语篇组织形式语篇组织形式、句际关系、语篇衔接与连贯、句际关系、语篇衔接与连贯、语境语境等方面的解读。等方面的解读。语篇语篇语篇解读的角度语篇解读的角度Click here to add A title语篇解读是理解语篇的
6、重点语篇解读是理解语篇的重点u语篇解读是理解语篇的重点语篇解读是理解语篇的重点 “对语篇的分析只依靠对篇章中句子和词汇的分析是不够的，学生还是不对语篇的分析只依靠对篇章中句子和词汇的分析是不够的，学生还是不能真正理解整个语篇的意义。句子之间的关系，以及句子如何组合成更大的能真正理解整个语篇的意义。句子之间的关系，以及句子如何组合成更大的语篇单位，语篇的发展方式等都是需要研究的重点。许多学生学习了句子的语篇单位，语篇的发展方式等都是需要研究的重点。许多学生学习了句子的意义后，一个个句子都能理解，但却不能理解整个语篇的意义，特别是在科意义后，一个个句子都能理解，但却不能理解整个语篇的意义，特别是在
7、科技语篇以及文学语篇中更是如此，因此，语篇的部分如何在整体中起作用，技语篇以及文学语篇中更是如此，因此，语篇的部分如何在整体中起作用，如何形成一个整体也是语篇分析的研究重点。如何形成一个整体也是语篇分析的研究重点。”Click here to add A title2）英语阅读测试的发展趋势）英语阅读测试的发展趋势能力定义：认知深度题型设计：综合性考试手段：现代化结果反馈：多维度词 句 篇形式 结构 意义 用法单一技能 综合技能识别 理解 推理 概括 产出聚合思维 发散思维曾用强:中学英语阅读测评体系的研究Click here to add A title如何解读如何解读u语篇分析些什么语篇分
8、析些什么 语篇类型（结构）语篇类型（结构）句际关系句际关系 衔接与连贯衔接与连贯 语境语境u解读语篇类型解读语篇类型叙述类叙述类 Narration阐释类阐释类 Exposition观点类观点类 Argumentation报道类报道类 Report应用文类应用文类Click here to add A title如何解读如何解读n 根据不同语篇类型采用不同解读策略技巧根据不同语篇类型采用不同解读策略技巧 拉波夫叙事结构与完形填空和补全短文拉波夫叙事结构与完形填空和补全短文 结构模式类型与主旨大意类试题结构模式类型与主旨大意类试题 预测性阅读排除冗余信息干扰预测性阅读排除冗余信息干扰 从文体、语
9、用、篇章技巧角度学习掌握词汇从文体、语用、篇章技巧角度学习掌握词汇基于中考语篇解读的案例分析基于中考语篇解读的案例分析Click here to add A titleLabove（1972）根据自然叙事顺序总结出来的叙事结构模式）根据自然叙事顺序总结出来的叙事结构模式Abstract(点题，摘要）：叙事开始要讲的内容的简短概括点题，摘要）：叙事开始要讲的内容的简短概括Orientation（指向，定位）：叙事者对时间、地点、人物所做的交代（指向，定位）：叙事者对时间、地点、人物所做的交代Complicating action（进展，叠合事件）：接下来发生的事情，是构成故事的主要事件的发展安排
10、（进展，叠合事件）：接下来发生的事情，是构成故事的主要事件的发展安排Evaluation（评论，评价）：外部评价和内部评价。（评论，评价）：外部评价和内部评价。Result or resolution（结果或结局，解决）：叙事者对情节、人物、事件等所做的评议（结果或结局，解决）：叙事者对情节、人物、事件等所做的评议Coda（回应，结尾）：故事世界和讲故事时的现实世界之间构建的一种联系。（回应，结尾）：故事世界和讲故事时的现实世界之间构建的一种联系。解读篇章结构：完型填空解读篇章结构：完型填空Click here to add A titleFrom Hobby to Job Yesterday
11、 at the Minnesota Fashion Week,the 15-year-old designer(设计者)Rachel amazed the fashion world when she showed her clothes for the first time.36 agreed that they looked fantastic.Rachel taught herself to make clothes when she was just 7.“I didnt like my own clothes and wanted to 37,so I usually added t
12、hings-like pockets or ties.My Mom used to get a bit 38 about all the scissors and pins lying around,laughed Rachel.Then one year,she decided to have a summer 39 at a fashion and design school,where she learned many skills from her teacher Joan.When Rachel was 12,Joan invited a few teenagers to 40 he
13、r at the famous Toronto Fashion Week.“I loved it,”said Rachel.”It was just 41 and I knew that I wanted to be there.At the Minnesota Fashion Week,Rachel looked 42 beautiful in her smart jacket with a decoration(装饰)of a small blue butterfly on it.People at the event were 43 her skill and designs.I did
14、 all my work on the clothes after dinner，44 I always had a busy timetable at school and much homework as well.But it was worth it.”Rachel felt proud.Rachel sold all of her works and the 45 went to a local childrens hospital.I know that the hospital needs it to make the childrens stay as comfortable
15、as possible,”said she.Click here to add A titleFrom Hobby to Job Yesterday at the Minnesota Fashion Week,the 15-year-old designer(设计者)Rachel amazed the fashion world when she showed her clothes for the first time.36 agreed that they looked fantastic.Rachel taught herself to make clothes when she was
16、 just 7.“I didnt like my own clothes and wanted to 37,so I usually added things-like pockets or ties.My Mom used to get a bit 38 about all the scissors and pins lying around,laughed Rachel.Then one year,she decided to have a summer 39 at a fashion and design school,where she learned many skills from
17、 her teacher Joan.When Rachel was 12,Joan invited a few teenagers to 40 her at the famous Toronto Fashion Week.“I loved it,”said Rachel.”It was just 41 and I knew that I wanted to be there.At the Minnesota Fashion Week,Rachel looked 42 beautiful in her smart jacket with a decoration(装饰)of a small bl
18、ue butterfly on it.People at the event were 43 her skill and designs.I did all my work on the clothes after dinner，44 I always had a busy timetable at school and much homework as well.But it was worth it.”Rachel felt proud.Rachel sold all of her works and the 45 went to a local childrens hospital.I
19、know that the hospital needs it to make the childrens stay as comfortable as possible,”said she.Orientation（指向，定位）（指向，定位）Complicating action（进展，叠合事件）（进展，叠合事件）Evaluation（评论，评价）（评论，评价）Result or resolution（结果或结局，解决）（结果或结局，解决）Click here to add A title解读篇章结构：解读篇章结构：阅读阅读 BWhen Claire Vases of Montana was
20、in Grade 7,she learned about plans to modernize her middle school.Claire asked the school board(董事会)to add solar panels to the project because,she explained,clean energy would be helpful to a really modern school.The board liked the idea but said it could offer just$25,000-one-fifth of the cost.So C
21、laire organized a group of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest.They sold their second-hand books,put on talent shows and asked for donations(捐赠)，even going door-to-door for them.One donated more than half the cost!After two years of hard work,the group paid for the solar panels,which
22、 now provide one-fourth of the schools electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousands of dollars.“My favorite part about this project was that one person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community,”Claire said.“There are always going to
23、 be hard parts.When theres a challenge(挑战)presented to you,you can learn from it and use it as a chance to overcome it.”What is the problem？How to solve the problem？SolutionProblem-solution patternClick here to add A title解读篇章结构：解读篇章结构：阅读阅读 C CFrank and his brother lived near the ocean.Frank was out
24、going while Jack was shy.They liked doing different things.Frank was famous for organizing games of beach volleyball,football,and any other sport imaginable.Jack preferred to draw,paint,or build sandcastle(沙堡).Frank didnt understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball.He believed
25、 sports often allowed many kids to play together.That was when Jacks idea hatchedhatched.He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!After Jack finished creating a special sandcastle with stairs,towers and walls.he took pictures of it.Then he painted colorful posters featuring(突出)his
26、sandcastle and the question,Can you top this?He hung his posters everywhere in town,announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry-all ages welcome.When Frank saw a poster,he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come.Still,shortly after sunrise on Saturday,Jack was on the beach digging in
27、 the sand.By mid-morning,four kids were sculpting(雕塑)the sand alongside him.By noon the number had increased a lot.After Frank came back from his ball game,he went to check how his brothers plan turned out.He couldnt believe what he saw.At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastle,and every
28、one was chatting and laughing and working together!It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach.“I guess youve proved me wrong”Frank said.“You should make this sandcastle day a yearly tradition!”Handing Frank a shovel(铲子)with a smile,Jack got started together with his brother on their su
29、per creation in the sandgeneral-specific pattern 概括到具体模式；general-example综合到例证模式general-specific patternClick here to add A title You have lots of things youd like to do.But sometimes its hard to get to the finish line-just like your goal.How can you break your bad habits and develop good ones?66._He
30、re are a few opinions we often get from kids,followed by ideas that might helplI cant get away from screens.67._ If you usually spend time lying on the sofa and watching TV programs or a video when youre bored,go somewhere else instead.Take a book to your room or your violin to the backyard.Or ask i
31、f you can help cook in the kitchen.(2 EXAMPLES)l68._.Start with showing up.Then take one small step or do one tiny task,followed by another and another.For example,how do I practice the piano?First sit at it.Then play one note at a time.Starting with a super-simple step often helps.Why?Its easy,quic
32、k,and gets you in action.69._.lI have no time.Take a look at the choices you make about how you spend time.Do those choices show whats important to you?Can you spare 10 minutes a day to work on a goal?Lets suppose you want to be a singer.70._.Talk with a parent about why your goal counts.Discuss whe
33、ther you can let go of something less important to free up time to achieve A.Then keep taking stepsB.I cant start such a huge goalC.And how can you try to reach your goals?D.To change a habit,try changing where you spend your timeE.Is it more important to practice singing than play video games?类似句型提
34、示了下文的结构框架：类似句型提示了下文的结构框架：There are three major reasons There are three major reasons 解读篇章结构：解读篇章结构：general-example综合到例证模式把握全文脉络把握全文脉络理清行文逻辑理清行文逻辑Click here to add A title阅读阅读 B BWhen Claire Vases of Montana was in Grade 7,she learned about plans to modernize her middle school.Claire asked the school
35、 board(董事会)to add solar panels to the project because,she explained,clean energy would be helpful to a really modern school.Th le board liked the idea but said it could offer just$25,000-one-fifth of the cost.So Claire organized a group of kids and grown-ups who set to work raising the rest.They sol
36、d their second-hand books,put on talent shows and asked for donations(捐赠)，even going door-to-door for them.One donated more than half the cost!After two years of hard work,the group paid for the solar panels,which now provide one-fourth of the schools electricity needs-saving the neighborhood thousa
37、nds of dollars.My favorite part about this project was that one person could start something small and then the project could grow and have a big influence on the community,Claire said.There are always going to be hard parts.When theres a challenge(挑战)presented to you,you can learn from it and use i
38、t as a chance to overcome it.”54.From Claires words in the last paragraph,we learn that_.A.hard work was her favorite B.the project went smoothly C.a small thing makes a big difference D.solar panels cost a lot55.What would be the best title for the text?A.A Dependent Girl B.A Modern School C.Dont W
39、aste EnergyD.Never Give up（A Girl doesnt Give up plans to modernize her middle school.）借助结构解读精准把握主旨大意类试题What is the problem？How to solve the problem？SolutionClick here to add A title阅读阅读 D DFrom tiny seeds(种子),great discoveries grow.A mini-garden carried on China s Change 4 moon lander recently beca
40、me home to the first plant to grow on another world。This is yet another success for Change 4.On January 2，the probe(探测器)became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us.So we never see it from down here on the
41、earth.Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon,the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side.For example,when all we can see is silver silver of a new moon,the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.Part of Change 4s mission(使命)is to see how a moon base could be bu
42、ilt for humans,including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.Change 4 carried a mini-garden with air,water and soil with seeds planted in it.When plants shoot on the earth,their stems grow away from the gravity(the force that keeps your feet on the ground)and s
43、o they always shoot upwards.The moons gravity is a sixth as strong as the earths,so Change 4s experiment was a test:would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon?Four days after landing,a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon;sunlight will
44、not return until the start of February.As a result,the cotton shoots died.Besides the darkness,the plants cant stand the cold(it can drop to-170c on the moon at night).However,the experiment is a success,since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.62.Which of the following is
45、 TRUE about Change 4?A.It carried a mini-garden B.It landed on the near side of the moonC.It explored the moon base D.It found plants on the moonClick here to add A title阅读阅读 D DFrom tiny seeds(种子),great discoveries grow.A mini-garden carried on China s Change 4 moon lander recently became home to t
46、he first plant to grow on another world。This is yet another success for Change 4.On January 2，the probe(探测器)became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us.So we never see it from down here on the earth.Althou
47、gh it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon,the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side.For example,when all we can see is silver silver of a new moon,the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.Part of Change 4s mission(使命)is to see how a moon base could be built for huma
48、ns,including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.Change 4 carried a mini-garden with air,water and soil with seeds planted in it.When plants shoot on the earth,their stems grow away from the gravity(the force that keeps your feet on the ground)and so they alway
49、s shoot upwards.The moons gravity is a sixth as strong as the earths,so Change 4s experiment was a test:would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon?Four days after landing,a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon;sunlight will not return u
50、ntil the start of February.As a result,the cotton shoots died.Besides the darkness,the plants cant stand the cold(it can drop to-170c on the moon at night).However,the experiment is a success,since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.63.From the text we can know thatA.the f
