1、语法专题突破语法专题突破 专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-3-高考感悟考点归纳.单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.2.(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7
2、 percent.3.(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause).4.(2018浙江卷)Making Chinese dishes(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.5.(2017全国卷
3、)This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect)such as overweight and heart disease.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-4-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2017全国卷)As a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.7.(2016全国卷)Recent studies(study)show that we are far more prod
4、uctive at work if we take short breaks regularly.8.(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-5-高考感悟考点归纳.单句改错1.(2018全国卷)When I was little,Fridays night was our family game night.FridaysFrid
5、ay2.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.在countryside前加the3.(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.chickenchickens语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-6-高考感悟考点归纳考点一考点一 名
6、词的数名词的数一、可数名词的复数1.规则变化语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-7-高考感悟考点归纳语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-8-高考感悟考点归纳注意以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是:英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿,即heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves。它
7、们是:为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。但有的以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s。如:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,做定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman doctorwomen doctors。语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-9-高考感悟考点归纳2.不规则
8、变化(1)常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人;means方式;works工厂;sheep绵羊;deer鹿;series系列;fish鱼;fruit水果等。其中 fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子childrenman男人menfoot脚,英尺feettooth牙齿teethmedium传播媒介mediamouse老鼠micephenomenon现象phenomena语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-10-高考感悟考点归纳3.有些名词通常只用复数。如:glass
9、es眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle牛,congratulations祝贺有些固定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:have words with sb.同某人吵架,in high spirits 情绪高昂,give ones regards to sb.向某人问候,in rags衣衫褴褛,have good manners 有礼貌语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-11-高考感悟
10、考点归纳二、不可数名词1.常见的不可数名词:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,practice,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,wood,English,America 等。Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.财富始于一个目标,要一美元一美元地积攒。2.有些名
11、词既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但意义不同。work当表示“工作”时为不可数名词,但当表示“作品;著作”时则为可数名词。glass“玻璃”(不可数),“杯子”(可数);room“空间”(不可数),“房间”(可数);experience“经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);paper“纸”(不可数),“报纸、文件、试卷”(可数)。语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点二考点二 名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-s所有格和of所有格两种形式。1.-s所有格(1)多用来表示有生命的东西。Many
12、students eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.(2)用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-s或;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms(各自的房间)Tom and Jims room(共同的房间)语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-13-高考感悟考点归纳(3)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbersat the teachers2.of所有格表示无生
13、命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所属关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。From the top of the hill,you can get a birds view of the city.3.双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of+名词所有格”。a play of Shakespearesa friend of my wifes语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-14-高考感悟考点归纳考点三考点三 不定冠词不定冠词a/an的用法的用法不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素
14、开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:a pen 一支笔;an old man 一位老人一、不定冠词的基本用法1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)个事物。The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,一个和谐、和平、发展之梦。2.表示“一”,相当于one。Ill return in a day or two.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和
15、冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-15-高考感悟考点归纳3.表示“每”,相当于per,常用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。We have three meals a day.4.表示“同一性”,常构成“of+a/an+名词”形式,相当于the same。The children are of an age.5.表示类指,意为“某类”。He wants to be a doctor.6.后面接人名可以表示“一个叫的人”,或是其作品。A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.7.与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”。a success一件成功的事/一个成功的人;a pit
16、y一件遗憾的事;an honour一个引以为荣的人/一件引以为荣的事8.与物质名词连用,表示“一种、一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-16-高考感悟考点归纳9.序数词前使用冠词的情况。“the+序数词”表示排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。Mr.Li has decided to buy a second car.I have failed twice,but Ill try a third time.10.比较级和最高级前冠词的选择。“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或
17、事物中)比更的一个”,属于泛指;“the+比较级”表示“两者中较的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最的一个”;“a most+形容词”表示“一个很/非常”,此时后面没有比较范围,most只表示“很,非常”。Tom is the older of the two boys.The first unit is a most difficult part but not the most difficult.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-17-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用含不定冠词的固定搭配all of a sudden突然a
18、s a matter of fact事实上once a week每星期一次at a loss不知所措,茫然be on a visit参观,拜访be/go on a diet节食give sb.a lift让某人搭便车have a gift for.在方面有天赋have a good time玩得开心have a word with.与谈话in a hurry匆忙地in a way从某种意义上说语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-18-高考感悟考点归纳make a living谋生take a walk散步take an interest in.对感
19、兴趣take/have a rest休息一会儿语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-19-高考感悟考点归纳考点四考点四 定冠词定冠词the一、定冠词的基本用法1.特指上文提到过的、特定的人或事物,或双方都明确的人或事物。I have a car.The car is red.Pass me the book,please.2.表示某一类人或物。The bike is a useful means of transportation.3.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前。the universe;the moon;the Pacific Ocean4.用于
20、乐器前。play the violin;play the piano语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-20-高考感悟考点归纳5.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。Could you tell me the way to the Greens,please?Sorry,we dont have a Green here in the village.6.用于表示国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等名词前。the United States;the Communist Party of China7.用于表示发明物的单数名词前。The compass
21、 was invented in China.8.在逢十的复数数词之前,指某世纪的某个年代。in the 1990s(在20世纪90年代)9.用于表示度量单位的名词前。I hired the car by the hour.(对比I hired the car by time.)语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-21-高考感悟考点归纳10.用于形容词或分词前表示一类人。the rich;the living;the wounded11.用于方位名词、身体部位名词前。The sun rises in the east.hit sb.on the h
22、ead12.用于普通名词转化而来的专有名词前。the Great Wall;the West Lake语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-22-高考感悟考点归纳13.与比较级和最高级连用。(1)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越越”。The more,the better.(2)表示两者间“较的一个”,比较级前加the。Who is the taller of the two boys?(3)三者或三者以上相比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Mary is the tallest
23、child in her family.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-23-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用定冠词的固定搭配at the moment此刻,目前at the same time同时by the way顺便说一下on the spot当场make the best/most of.充分利用in the distance在远处in the end最终in the habit of有的习惯the other day前几天on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面to the point中肯,切题语
24、法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-24-高考感悟考点归纳考点五考点五 零冠词零冠词一、零冠词的基本用法1.专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词。Beijing is the capital of China.Kindness is virtue.Snow dissolves into water.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-25-高考感悟考点归纳2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋类、球类、学科、一日三餐、语言、运动等的名词前一般不加冠词。Spring is the best
25、 season of the year.I have been studying in this college since July,2018.We have a seven-day holiday on National Holiday.Tom enjoys playing chess.The boys like playing football after class.They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science.Do you have breakfast at home or at school?语法专题突破语
26、法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-26-高考感悟考点归纳3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语、补足语及同位语时,一般不加冠词,但用作主语或宾语时要用冠词。Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.Im captain of the class team at school.4.当by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时,名词前不用冠词。Id rather travel by bus than airplane.
27、语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-27-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用零冠词的固定搭配in fact事实上 for example例如in danger在危险中with pleasure高兴地in time及时in fear恐惧地at work在上班at dinner在吃饭after school放学后at first起初at last最终by hand手工做的pay attention to注意set fire to放火take pride in以为豪take care of照顾take office就职take part in参加in town在城
28、里keep.in mind牢记in trouble处在麻烦中on foot步行leave word留言on time按时语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-28-高考感悟考点归纳catch sight of看见 do harm to对有害lose weight减肥语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-29-.单句语法填空1.The illegal hunting of Tibet antelope used to be a serious problem in the 1990s.2.Simmons an
29、d her husband grabbed two boards and paddled down the human chain until she reached the swimmers(swimmer).She rescued them one by one.3.Under the direction of these philosophical theories(theory),this kung fu style gains good effects in the boxing and sword skills.4.Chinas silk was introduced into w
30、estern countries(country)through this old trade route.5.The east side of their stems grows faster during the day,causing the stems to gradually bend from east to west.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-30-6.John Dewey,an American psychologist,once said that gaining others respect is the deepes
31、t urge in human nature.7.A hundred years ago,explorers(explorer)at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.8.In fact,figuring out who will get the bill is always a headache for the Chinese at formal meals.9.As Chinese economy d
32、evelops very fast and plays an important role in the world,more and more foreigners learn Mandarin in Confucius Institutes.10.Chinese people are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their stomachs(stomach).语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-31-.单句改错1.She has taught us
33、 a lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.knowledgesknowledge2.First of all,China has made a great progress in the social and economic development in the past decades,and people have more time and energy to enjoy their life.去掉a语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-32-3.It was usef
34、ul experience for all of us,which Ill never forget for the rest of my life,and which Ill always treasure.useful前加a4.From this lesson,we came to conclusion that it was not so difficult to learn English if we could find a good way.conclusion前加 a5.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.advi
35、cesadvice语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-33-.语法填空Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But 1.a different kind of shortage is not easy to see.That is 2.the shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors,engine
36、ers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3.problems(problem)or design a new expert system.There is a way to ease 4.the problems.They can do it with puters(computer).In 6.the past few years,computer scientists around the world have developed what they call“expert syst
37、ems”.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固随堂巩固-34-An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations,it can take 7.the place of 8.a human expert.For example,an expert in the medical system can help to take care of a sick person.After asking a few 9.questions(question)of the pat
38、ient,it can tell what medicine or other 10.treatment(treat)is needed.专题二代词专题二代词语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-36-高考感悟考点归纳.单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give it a try.2.(2018全国卷)Whe
39、n the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find them(they)alive.3.(2018浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.4.(2017浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt myself(I),”says Pahlsson.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词
40、专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-37-高考感悟考点归纳.单句改错1.(2018全国卷)They(My parents)would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.usme2.(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework,but I was shy.myselfmy/the3.(2017全国卷)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.allboth4.(2017全国卷)This picture often brings back to me ma
41、ny happy memories of your high school days.yourmy语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-38-高考感悟考点归纳考点一考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词人称代词、物主代词和反身代词语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-39-高考感悟考点归纳注意形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词。如:her father她的父亲“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格。如:a friend of mine我的一个朋友语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和
42、冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-40-高考感悟考点归纳考点二考点二 it的用法的用法1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。It is half past two now.(指时间)It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.(指距离)It is very cold in the room.(指温度)2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Whos that at the door?It is the milkman.(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)Ive broken a
43、 plate.It(=Breaking the plate)doesnt matter.(it指前面所提到过的事情)语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-41-高考感悟考点归纳3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当的真正的主语或宾语放在后面。It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast.4.enjoy,
44、like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to等动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。I hate it that you leave the door open.我讨厌你把门开着。5.用于某些固定结构。如make it;get it;see to it that;put it。How shall I put it?我该怎么说呢?语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-42-高考感悟考点归纳考点三考点三 替代词替代词it,one,ones,theone,theones,that,
45、those1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一
46、名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-43-高考感悟考点归纳Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldnt find it.So I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one替代a pen)The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books)No pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.(that替代pleasure)语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一
47、名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-44-高考感悟考点归纳2.that和one的主要区别that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(that替代the quality of educa
48、tion)If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get one for me?(one替代a paper 一份报纸)语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-45-高考感悟考点归纳考点四考点四 指示代词指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。I want this book,not that book.I like these an
49、d he like those.The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心考点-46-高考感悟考点归纳考点五考点五 all,both,either,neither,each和和none1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词的使用范围为两者。John and Mary have both won the prizes.The research group produced two repor
50、ts based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions.Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。There are flowers on both sides of the street.There are flowers on either side of the street.语法专题突破语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词核心考点随堂巩固核心
