1、动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to +动词原形”，否定形式为“not + to +动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式是全国各地区中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题，全面梳理动词不定式的考点。走进考题，用心感悟 1. Its happy for me _ (have) the bike.2. They prefer _ (stay) at home rather than go out.3. He is old enough _ (join) the army.4. His boss made him _ (f
2、inish) the work after five.5. His plan is _ (spend) her summer in Shanghai.6. Have you got anything _ (say)?7. Do you know when _ (start) our work?8. He went out _ (carry) the big bag.9. _ (do) the homework at school is our duty.10. The teacher told me _ (clean) the classroom after class.请大家大胆尝试做以上十
3、个小题。在做题的过程中，不需要过多考虑，要凭感觉填写，我相信这样的话大家做题的正确率会很高。怎么样？完成了吧？是不是发现这些题的答案大都是“to +动词原形”呢？精心思索，你会发现动词不定式具有以下特点：动词不定式运用范围广，位置灵活；除了不能做谓语之外，动词不定式几乎可以充当其他句子成分。边讲边练，牢记结构一、动词不定式做主语1. 动词不定式直接做主语。例如：To drive less is good for the environment. 少开车对环境有好处。(2020北京)2. 下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真正的主语。“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
4、”意为“做某事对某人来说是的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。“It is a / ones + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.”意为“做某
5、事是的任务/职责/工作”。例如：Its my duty to save patients. 治病救人是我的职责。【真题再现】1. (2020雅安) It is important _ people _ good manners.A. for; to learnB. of; to learnC. for; learnD. of; learn2. (2020钦州) Let me help you carry the box, Granny.Thank you, Li Lei. Its very nice _ you _ me.A. of; to helpB. for; to helpC. of;
6、helpingD. for; helping3. (2020龙东) Its our duty _ our city clean and beautiful.Yes. We should do something for it.A. to keepB. keepC. keeping二、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish, idea, work, task, job, aim等。例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。三、动词不定式做宾语动词不定式做宾语是中考常考点之
7、一，其用法分为两种情况：1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want, decide, learn, hope, plan, afford, need, would like, expect, intend, agree, refuse等。2. think, find, make, feel等动词可用于“v. + it + adj. + to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。【真题再现】4. (2020遂宁) They decided _ a bridge over the river.A. buildB. to buildC. b
8、uilding5. (2020扬州) Some children cant afford _ necessary stationary.Lets donate our pocket money to them.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. be bought6. (2020齐齐哈尔) I found _ not very easy _ to ride a bike.A. that; learnB. it; to learnC. that; to learn四、动词不定式做宾语补足语后接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词分为两种情况：1. 后接带to的不定式做宾补的动词有ask
9、, tell, get, want, would like, need, teach, invite, advise, order, encourage, warn, remind, allow, persuade, force等。2. 后接省略to的不定式做宾补的动词有：一感(feel)、二听(listen to; hear)、三让(make; let; have)、四看(look at; see; watch; notice)、半帮助(help)。但要注意的是，在被动语态结构中，应还原动词不定式符号to，如make sb. do sth. be made to do sth.。【真题再现】
10、7. (2020上海) My friend invited me _ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.A. joinB. to joinC. joinedD. joining8. (2020呼和浩特) Mr. Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam.A. not to watchB. to not watchC. not watchingD. doesnt watch9. (2020临沂) What happens when you hear a stra
11、nge noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us _.A. jumpB. to jumpC. jumpingD. jumped10. (2020呼和浩特) If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh.A. be madeB. be made toC. made toD. make11. (2020呼和浩特) Why dont you watch TV at home?Id love to, but my mother
12、doesnt allow me _ that.A. doB. didC. to doD. doing12. (2020黔西南) Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.A. stoppingB. to stopC. stopsD. stopped五、动词不定式做状语动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、结果或者原因等。【真题再现】13. (2020未名) Mr. Li is a kind-hearted man. Though he is not rich, he always does everything he can _ the homeless
13、 children.A. to supportB. supportC. supportingD. supported14. (2020泰安) When you leave, please turn off the lights _ energy.A. saveB. to saveC. savingD. saved15. (2020丽水) Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast?Yes. She eats like a bird _.A. to wake upB. to be strongC. to lose weightD. to fall asl
14、eep六、动词不定式做定语1. 动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后，做后置定语。2. 如果不定式动词与被修饰语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。【真题再现】16. (2020漳州) We dont have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?The best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A. raiseB. to raiseC. raising17. (2020凉山) When you move somewhere new, the
15、 first thing for you is to find a place _.A. to liveB. living inC. to live in18. (2020毕节) Would you like something _?Yes. Id like _.A. drink; orangeB. to drink; orangeC. to eat; orangeD. eat; oranges七、特殊结构中的动词不定式动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where等词连用，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语。此结构通常位于
16、下列动词之后：tell, teach, know, wonder, learn, show, ask等。【真题再现】19. (2020福州) So beautiful flowers! I cant decide _ for my mum.For Mothers Day, it cant be better to take some carnations (康乃馨).A. when to chooseB. which to chooseC. how to choose20. (2020自贡) I really dont know _ this question. It is too hard.
17、A. which to answerB. how to answerC. what to answer返璞归真，活学活用“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”。个人认为，学习动词不定式应该返璞归真，从源头开始，深刻理解其内涵，在运用中悟出其用法，达到随心所欲的目的。不要断章取义地理解，也不要死板硬套地学习。1. 明确内涵对于动词不定式，不要刻意去记它在句中充当什么成分。它属于非谓语动词，要明确它在句中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。在其他情况下，把它当作一个插入语，“哪里需要就往哪里搬”。在运用感悟中，体会其在句中的成分，分析其位置关系。如此，就会很快掌握其内涵和用法。2. 牢记结构动词不定式是
18、由“to +动词原形”构成，其否定式是在其前加not。3. 活学活用同学们要在“做中学”，“做中思”，举一反三，通过不断的练习，找到规律。只要这样才会运用得当，得心应手。动词不定式的句法功能功 能例 句说 明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。动词不定式做主语，常常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day i
19、s my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。宾语What sports does he like to play? 他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式做定语，要放在所
20、修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you. (表原因) 很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English. (表目的) 我去图书馆学英语。不定式做状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。动名词的句法功能功 能例 句说 明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used f
21、or sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is reading novels. = Reading novels is his hobby. 读小说是他的爱好。多数情况下，动名词做表语可转化成做主语。定语She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树
22、下面的那个女孩吗？分词做定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主语。表语The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。Hell have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。现在分词
23、做补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词做补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15)1. (2020) Its important for us to know _ all the subjects.Yeah, group work is my favorite.A. how to study B. when to study C. which to study D. what to study2. (2020) Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.A. acc
24、eptB. to acceptC. sayD. to say3. (2020) _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A. To findB. FindC. To writeD. Write4. (2020) More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old.A. servedB. to serve C. serve D. serves5. (2020) We are going for a picnic tomorrow. Ill
25、call Wendy to make sure _. A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to start6. (2020) The menu has so many good things! I cant decide _. A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. when to eat7. (2020) Jane likes singing. We often hear her _ after class. A. sing B. to sing C. s
26、ings D. sang8. (2020) Oh, Danny. Its raining outside, Youd better _ your raincoat.A. put on B. put up C. dress D. to wear9. (2020) Would you show me _ an e-mail, please? First time for me.A. how to makeB. how to sendC. which to makeD. when to send10. (2020) Your spoken English is much better.Thank y
27、ou. My teacher often asks us _ English as _ as possible.A. to speak, many B. not to speak, muchC. to speak, much D. not to speak, more11. (2001) The children are often asked _ loudly in the library. They must keep quite.A. to speak B. not to speak C. dont speak D. not speak12. (2020张家口一模) All these
28、shoes are so well-made that I havent decided _.A. which to chooseB. what to chooseC. how to chooseD. where to choose13. (2020石家庄二模) Did the guide teach you _ a model robot?Yes. It was interesting but kind of difficult.A. how to makeB. when to makeC. which to makeD. what to make14. (2020石家庄桥东区二模) We
29、are often told _ at people in trouble.A. laughingB. laughC. not to laughD. laughed15. (2020石十八县市二模) Whenever you have a chance _ English, you should take it.A. speakB. to speakC. spokeD. speaks参考答案走进考题，用心感悟 1. to have2. to stay3. to join4. finish5. to spend / spending6. to say7. to start8. to carry / carrying9. To do / Doing10. to clean中考动词不定式考点梳理(2020)1-5. AAABC6-10. BBAAB11-15. CBABC16-20. BCBBB近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15)1-5. ADABB6-10. AAABC11-15. BAACB
