1、Lets spot the differences高三英语专题复习高三英语专题复习Strategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)推理判断题推理判断题(infer)猜测词义题猜测词义题(the underlined word)事实细节题事实细节题主旨大意题主旨大意题(main idea)高考英语阅读理解题考查方式 是非题是非题 年代与数字考点年代与数字考点 Wh-Wh-题题 (who,what,when,(who,what,when,where,why,how)where,why,how)2011年年6题题2012年
2、年10题题2013年年11题题分析往年阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？分析往年阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？1.How does the author understand Maxies words?(12)2.Who are the intended readers of the passage?(08)3.What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?(12)4.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?(08)5.Why did the author and hi
3、s wife try a new diet?(09)Not long ago.My wife,PJ,and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.5.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A.To take special kinds of food B.To respond to climate change.C.To lose weight D.To improve th
4、eir health_ _同同义义词词事实细节题考查的六大信息 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 summary1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方
5、式：题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning)浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading)注意对信息进行注意对信息进行综合分析综合分析，分清主次、真分清主次、真伪伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱陷阱”，学会，学会“排除排除”干扰项。干扰项。(New York)A French tourist highly praised for rescu
6、ing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday.He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank
7、 at the South Street Seaport museum.He handed the girl to her father,David Anderson,who had dived in after him.Reading material 1 练习题Q:Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?A.David Anderson B.A passer-by C.His girlfriend D.A taxi driver题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人，可以以dive为线索找到原文的He han
8、ded the girl to her father，David Anderson，who had dived in after him，故可知答案是David Anderson。技巧：在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题技巧：在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词,找出找出线索词在文中的位置。线索词在文中的位置。文章 (07年高考北京卷）Lying in the sun on a rock,the cougar(美洲狮美洲狮)saw Jeb and his son,Tom,before they saw it.Jeb put his bag down
9、 quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands,making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated,ready to attack Jeb,but ready to forget the whole thing,too.63.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A.To get ready to fight.B.To frighten it away.C.To protect t
10、he boy.D.To cool down.语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可痊愈。水即可痊愈。Reading material 2 2010年广东卷C篇 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats s
11、uch food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms._练习题Q Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Food
12、when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poisoning means death.C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.D.Food poisoning can be serious.Passage2 2010年广东高考阅读C篇以偏概全Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.文章 In our classroom，we work in various waysThe pupils often work in groups.Thi
13、s gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skills.They also learn how to deal with problems as well as learning how to think，to make decisions，to analyze and evaluate，and to communicate effectivelyThe pupils learn from each other as well as their teachers练习
14、题 Q、Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in this paragraph?A.Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.B.Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning(推理的)abilities.C.Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable（能干的）organizers.D.Pupils
15、also learn how to take part in teaching activities.文章技巧：排除法技巧：排除法 The human body is a living machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is th
16、e food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the te
17、mperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart showsdifferent,as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman fe
18、eding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题 Q1)_ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275 Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calor
19、ies that a baby does.B.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.C.An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.文章【解析】答案为 D。根
20、据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)5=275根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C C 符合图表内容。Viewing Platform Penguin Plus(+V)More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands.Adult$25.00 Child$12.50 Q Q.How much would a couple with on
21、e child pay for a closer viewing tour?A.$37.50.B.$62.50.C.$180.00.D.$150.00.B25252+12.5=62.52+12.5=62.5 When the right mixture of cosmic dust(宇宇宙尘宙尘)comes together near a young star,a planet begins to form.Slowly,the planet creates its own gravity.That allows the planet to pull material from the dis
22、k of gases and other matter floating around the star and grow.（节选自第一周周测D篇）d dc cb ba a练习题 Q.Which of the following shows the right order of a planets formation?aThe planet pulls material bThe planet creates its own gravity cThe planet becomes bigger and bigger dThe right mixture of cosmic dust comes
23、 togehter Ab,a,c,d Bb,a,d,c Cd,b,c,a Dd,b,a,c解题思路：先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案 文章 1.1.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。折，递进，因果等关系。2.2.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项.3 3.
24、选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,must,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有等。但不是绝对，也有例外。例外。4 4.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及及;答非所问等
25、等。答非所问等等。注意注意事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧抢答题：_ _ _ _:_ _ _ _ _ One day,when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office.It was David.He kept walking up and down restlessly,his face pale,and his hands shaking slightly.His head teacher had referred him to me.This boy has
26、lost his family,he wrote.He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others,and Im very worried about him.Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair.How could I help him?There are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to,and which no words can describe.Sometimes the best
27、 thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically（富有同情心的）.The first two times we met,David didnt say a word.He sat there,only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me.I suggested we play a game of chess.He nodded.After that he played chess with me every Wednesday af
28、ternoon一in complete silence and without looking at me.Its not easy to cheat in chess,but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually,he arrived earlier than agreed.took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down.It seemed as if
29、he enjoyed my company.But why did he never look at me?Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,I thought.Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later,when we were playing chess,he looked up at me suddenly.Its your turn,he said.After that day,David started talking.H
30、e got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends,and about his plan to get into university.Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one一without any words一can reach out to another
31、 person.All it takes is a hug,a shoulder to cry on,a friendly touch,and an ear that listens.2013年广东高考题阅读C篇36.When he first met the author,David .A.felt a little excited B.walked energetically C.looked a little nervous D.showed up with his teacher an adolescent boy showed up in my an adolescent boy s
32、howed up in my office.It was David.He kept walking office.It was David.He kept walking up and down restlessly,his face pale,up and down restlessly,his face pale,and his hands and his hands shaking slightly.shaking slightly.(para.1)(para.1)37.As a psychologist,the author .A.was ready to listen to Dav
33、id B.was skeptical about psychology C.was able to describe Davids problem D.was sure of handling Davids problemSometimes the best thing one can Sometimes the best thing one can do is to do is to listen openly and listen openly and sympatheticallysympathetically.(para.2)(para.2)38David enjoyed being
34、with the author because he_.Awanted to ask the author for advice Bneed to share sorrow with the author Cliked the childrens drawings in the office Dbear the author many times in the chess game.p4p4p5p5It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.But why did he never look at me?Perhaps he simply needs someo
35、ne to shareshare his pain withhis pain with,I thought.40What made David change?AHis teachers help.BThe authors friendship.CHis exchange of letters with the author.DThe authors silent communication with him.(last paragraph)(last paragraph)Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one一witho
36、ut any words一can reach out to another person.All it takes is a hug,a shoulder to cry on,a friendly touch,and an ear that listens.Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!A year after graduation,I was offered a position teaching a w
37、riting class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered,though several of my stories had been published.I accepted the job without hesitation,as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name,and I liked to imagine people getting the tw
38、o of us confused.“Wait a minute”someone might say,“are you talking about Mr.Davis the retired man,or Mr.Davis the respectable scholar?”The position was offered at the last minute,and I was given two weeks to prepare,a period I spent searching for briefcase(公文包)and standing before my full-length mirr
39、or,repeating the words,“Hello,class.Im Mr.Davis.”Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually came,my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor,but rather a 12-year-old boy.I arrived
40、 in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves.I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper.I saw nine students along a long table.I handed out the cards,and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.“All right the
41、n,”I said.“Okey,here we go.”Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment.I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk,offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day.I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk,overl
42、ooking a forests of hands.Every student would yell.“Calm down,youll all get your turn.One at a time,one at a time!”A terrible silence ruled the room,and seeing no other opinions,I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.2
43、011年广东高考题阅读C篇38.Before he started his class,the author asked the students to _.(para.3)A.write down their suggestions on the paper cards B.cut maple leaves out of the construction paper C.cut some cards out of the construction paper D.write down their names on the paper cards39.What did the students do when the author started his class?(last paragraph.)A.They began to talk.B.They stayed silent.C.They raised their hands.D.They shouted to be heard.
