1、第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第九节动词(一)动词的分类分类方法种类语法意义示例按时限分类延续性动词能与一段时间连用的，动作可延续的动词livestudyworkstayread非延续性动词动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用(与一段时间连用需转换)finishendgocomedieopen1分类方法种类语法意义示例按性质分类行为动词及物动词接宾语I reached Beijing just now.不及物动词不接宾语(后跟介词可接宾语)I got to Beijing just now.连系动词接表语beseemlookfeelsoundsmelltastegetturnbecome助动
2、词接动词原形或分词dodoesdidhavehashad情态动词接动词原形canmaymustshouldwouldcould2分类方法种类语法意义示例按形式分类动词原形动词本身jumprunsing第三人称单数动词原形后加-s/escomesfinishes过去式规则的加-ed，不规则的强记livedwrote过去分词规则的加-ed，不规则的强记dancedwritten现在分词动词原形后加-ingwritingsinging3(二)不规则动词表1AAA42.AAB3.ABA54.ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d，t或加ed构成过去式或过去分词67(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“
3、d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词8(3)原形oughtought9(4)原形aughtaught10(5)变其中一个元音字母11(6)原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft12(7)其他135.ABC(1)原形过去式原形(e)n1415(2)原形过去式过去式(e)n16(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)17(4)其他18(三)规则动词的变化形式原形第三人称单数过去式及过去分词现在分词以重读闭音节结尾的动词stop,prefer加-sstops,prefers双写词尾辅音字母再加-edstopped，preferred双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing
4、stopping，preferring以s，x，ch，sh结尾的动词dress,wash，watch,fix加-esdresses,washes，watches，fixes加-eddressed,washed，watched,fixed加-ingdressing,washing，watching,fixing以辅音字母y结尾的动词study,try变y为i，再加-esstudies,tries变y为i，再加-edstudied,tried加-ingstudying,trying19形式原形第三人称单数过去式及过去分词现在分词三个ie结尾的动词lie,die,tie加-slies,dies,ti
5、es加-dlied,died,tied变ie为y，再加-inglying,dying，tying以不发音字母e结尾close,movecloses,movesclosed,moved去e加-ingclosing,moving一般动词work直接加-sworks直接加-edworked直接加-ingworking20(四)重点非延续性动词(短语)转换为延续性动词(短语)表21(五)动词的时态(以write为例)时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时构成write/writeswroteam/is/arewritingwas/werewillwrite
6、willwritewouldwritehave/haswrittenhadwrittenshallwrite22时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时用法(部分典型标志词)often，usually，always，sometimesago短语(two days/months/years ago)when/while引导的时间状语从句at this/that time yesterdaytomorrow短语the next短语ever，never，just，already，yet，before，recentlyby the time/by the e
7、nd of过去某时every day/week/month/yearlast短语(last year/month/week)next短语so far，these days，in thelast/past fewyears虚拟语气中从句中其他yesterday短语(the day before yesterday)in一段时间for一段时间，since过去的时间点句型转换由do，does转换由did转换由am，is，are转换由was，were 转换由will，shall转换由would转换由have，has转换由had转换23(六)动词及时态考点1have/has been to 地点：表曾去
8、过某地(已回来)have/has gone to 地点：表去某地了(未归)have/has been in地点：要和一段时间连用 1)I have ever been to London twice.2)He isnt at home.He has gone to the library.3)We have been in Beijing for ten years.242瞬间动词和一段时间连用时要转换。My grandpa has died for ten years.(错句)应改为：My grandpa has been dead for ten years.3现在完成时，表现在，不能和过
9、去的时间连用。He has finished his work just now.(错句，去掉has)25考点一动词的分类1(2016中考改编)I hated my new school at first，but I made lots of friends and now I it.()AgetBtakeClove2(2016中考改编)Personally，I dont quite agree that peopledangerous animals as pets.()AdependBaffordCkeep3(2016中考改编)How long can I the book?For two
10、 weeks.()AkeepBborrowClendCCA264(2016中考改编)Rebuilding in Yushu began soon after the earthquake，and it will_ long into the future.()AreachBkeepClast5(2016中考改编)You dont look well.Youd better see the doctor.I_.But the doctor said there was nothing serious.()AhaveBamCwasCA27考点二动词的时态1(2016中考改编)Your donati
11、on_ and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.()Ais greatly appreciatingBappreciatesCis greatly appreciated2(2016中考改编)May I speak to Lin Tao?Sorry，he is not in.He_ to Changsha.()Ahas beenBhas goneCwentCB283(2016中考改编)Im now in New York with my friend Jenny.We_ by plane on Mon
12、day.()AarriveBarrivedCare arriving4(2016中考改编)He_ in Xinxiang for five years when I heard his news.()Ahas livedBhad livedCis living5(2016中考改编)Do you know her well?Sure.We_ friends since ten years ago.()AwereBhave madeChave beenBBC29AwasAwouldAwill liveClook it upAbeBfinishing30(七)情态动词情态动词：无人称和数的变化，后跟
13、动词原形才能做谓语。原形与过去式用法含义例句can could 表能力(be able to有时态变化)能，会He can dance.He is able to dance.表请求(一般疑问句)可以Can you help me？Could you give me a hand？(更委婉)表否定推测cant be(不可能)The boy cant be Tony.Tony is much taller.may might表可能性可能Tim may know the way.Maybe Tim knows the way.表客气请求可以May I come in？表祝愿祝May you goo
14、d luck.31原形与过去式用法含义例句must表命令/义务必须We must obey the school rules.表肯定推测must be一定He must be at home because the light is on.must的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt 或dont have to 没有必要Mom，must I write to my cousin today？No，you neednt./you dont have to.You may write it on weekends.与同义短语have to的区别：have to有时态、人称的变化(has to/ha
15、d to.)must 无变化不得不，必须The boy had to stay at home alone yesterday.The boy must stay at home alone yesterday.32原形与过去式用法含义例句shall shouldShall I/we.表请求好吗？Shall I ask you some questions？Lets 的附加反意疑问句是shall we好吗Lets go to the park，shall we？should/shouldnt表义务(不)应该Students shouldnt have long hair.will/would
16、表提建议愿意Will/Would/Could you please take out the trash？33原形与过去式用法含义例句needneed do(need是情态动词)需要We need buy some school things.We need to buy some school things.need to do需要做need doing需要被做(need是行为动词)The watch needs repairing.(这块手表需要被修。)had betterhad better(not)do Its(not)best to do sth.最好(不)You had bette
17、r ask your teachers for help.Its best to ask your teachers for help.34温馨提示：1may的一般疑问句的否定回答用 cant。Mom，may I play computer games now?No，you cant.Study must come first.(必须先学习)2mustnt意为“禁止；不准”。You mustnt play soccer on the street.Its so dangerous.3“情态动词have done(完成时)”意为“原本应该做某事，而实际上没做”。If we started two
18、 days ago，we should have finished the work earlier.4“情态动词be doing(进行时)”意为“想必正在；可能正在；应当正在”。Its 12 oclock.They must be having lunch.(他们一定在吃午饭。)355maybe 和may bemaybeperhaps是副词，may be在句中作谓语。(1)Where is Jack?He may be in the classroom.But Im not sure.(2)Maybe Tom is at home now.Go and find him.36考点三情态动词的
19、用法1Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You are the One in Beijing.Really?Then perhaps hebe host TV programs for some time.()A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant2I swim here?Im sorry,childrenswim alone in the river.()A.Can;must B.May;mustntC.Must;cant3 Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?No
20、,you.All of us will go on an outing.()A.neednt B.mustnt C.shouldntCBA374Have you decided which senior high school to choose?Not yet.I_go to Moonlight School.()Amust B.may C.need5Whose notebook is this?It_Jims.It has his name on it.()A.cant be B.must be C.can be6The old people must_to politely.()A.ar
21、e spoken B.spokenC.be spoken7Where is Jenny?Im not sure.She_ in the school library.()AmaybeBmust beCmay beBBCC388I wonder if this smart phone is Marys.It_ belong to her._ is totally different from this one.()Acant；HersBmustnt；HerCmay；Hers9I won the first prize in the English speech competition.Congr
22、atulations!You_be excited about that！()AneedBmustCwould10Where would you like to go for your summer vacation?We havent decided yet.We_ go to Beidaihe.It is a good place for vacation.()AmayBshouldCmustABA39A/AmustAcantAstopAmay40第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第八节副词(一)副词的功能：修饰动词、形容词或副词功能例子修饰动词The boy runs quickly.
23、修饰形容词The story is really interesting.修饰副词You can do it quite well.43(二)副词的种类副词分类例子时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently频度副词always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,hardly,never地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why
24、,whether,however，meanwhile程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather 关系副词when,where,why44(三)副词考点感官动词feel，sound，look，smell，taste等后跟形容词，不用副词。This piece of music sounds well.(错题，应把well改为good)45考点一副词分类及用法1(2016中考改编)In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money，_ during the Spring Festival.()AfinallyB
25、luckilyCespecially2(2016中考改编)If you dont work_enough，I dont think your dream will come_.()Ahardly;trulyBhardly;trueChard;true3(2016中考改编)I_go to the theater，because I dont like operas at all.()AalwaysBoftenCneverCCC464(2016中考改编)How_the children are playing！They even forget the time to go home!()Ahapp
26、yBhappilyCunhappy5(2016中考改编)Sometimes it rains_in Xian in summer.()AheavyBheavilyCstronglyBB47考点二副词的比较等级1(2016中考改编)In the piano contest，my brother didnt play well and I did_.()Avery wellBmuch betterCeven worse2(2015中考改编)Did Kate do best in the final exam?No，but of all the students she did_.()Athe mo
27、st careful Bmore carefulCmost carefully3(2015中考改编)What do you think of Toms speaking?No one does_in our class.()Agood BbetterCwellCCB484(2015中考改编)Which do you like_，tea，coffee or juice?Coffee.()Agood BbetterCbest5(2015中考改编)Study hard!_you study，_ results youll get.()AHarder;betterBThe harder;betterC
28、The harder;the betterCC49BexcitedAhardlyBmuchBreallyCtrue50第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第八节副词(一)副词的功能：修饰动词、形容词或副词功能例子修饰动词The boy runs quickly.修饰形容词The story is really interesting.修饰副词You can do it quite well.53(二)副词的种类副词分类例子时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently频度副词always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,hard
29、ly,never地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however，meanwhile程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather 关系副词when,where,why54(三)副词考点感官动词feel，sound，look，smell，taste等后跟形容词，不用副词。This piece of music sounds wel
30、l.(错题，应把well改为good)55考点一副词分类及用法1(2016中考改编)In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money，_ during the Spring Festival.()AfinallyBluckilyCespecially2(2016中考改编)If you dont work_enough，I dont think your dream will come_.()Ahardly;trulyBhardly;trueChard;true3(2016中考改编)I_go to the theater，because I don
31、t like operas at all.()AalwaysBoftenCneverCCC564(2016中考改编)How_the children are playing！They even forget the time to go home!()AhappyBhappilyCunhappy5(2016中考改编)Sometimes it rains_in Xian in summer.()AheavyBheavilyCstronglyBB57考点二副词的比较等级1(2016中考改编)In the piano contest，my brother didnt play well and I
32、did_.()Avery wellBmuch betterCeven worse2(2015中考改编)Did Kate do best in the final exam?No，but of all the students she did_.()Athe most careful Bmore carefulCmost carefully3(2015中考改编)What do you think of Toms speaking?No one does_in our class.()Agood BbetterCwellCCB584(2015中考改编)Which do you like_，tea，coffee or juice?Coffee.()Agood BbetterCbest5(2015中考改编)Study hard!_you study，_ results youll get.()AHarder;betterBThe harder;betterCThe harder;the betterCC59BexcitedAhardlyBmuchBreallyCtrue60
