1、一 构成 定义：主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。1.现在时被动语态：现在时被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，（及物动词的过去分词，（be是助动词）是助动词）e.g:English is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school?grammar:2.过去时的被动语态：过去时的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.
2、My bike wasnt made in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine made in Shenzhen?注意：被动语态中注意：被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的的形式是由主语决定的3.情态动词的被语态：情态动词的被语态：must/can/may+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be taken out of the room?This job must be finished on time.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语
3、态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原动词原形形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/we
4、re+being+过去分词过去分词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词主动句中谓语动词的发出者由主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our classroom e
5、very day.（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 byby的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。主语主语 by+宾语宾语be+过去分词过去分词Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被动）归纳：小
6、窍门：小窍门：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：be +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示时态 表示被动表示被动 要变化要变化 不变化不变化 二二 被动语态的几种类型：被动语态的几种类型：1 主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态 He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in the shop yesterday.2 主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态 Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book
7、was given to me by Jim.三三 被动语态的注意事项被动语态的注意事项 1“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”的句子没有被动语的句子没有被动语 态态 2 there be 句型没有被动语态句型没有被动语态 3 主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态 4 主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有 被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有:The nurse looked after him carefully.The baby was looked after by the nurse caref
8、ully.4 短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby.The baby can be taken good care of.Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the
9、 book _ _?Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _(grow)trees.7 The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmadeTranslate the following senten
10、ces.1.我们必须采取措施以阻止河流的进一步污染。Something _ _ _ to stop the river from being polluted more.2.世界上讲英语的人是最多的。English _ _ by the largest number of people in the world.3.明年我校还要修一幢新教学楼。Another new teaching building _ _ _ in our school next year.4.中国南方种水稻。Rice _ _ in South China.5.昨天爸爸给你买了一辆自行车。A bike _ _ for yo
11、u by your father yesterday.6前天在街道拐弯处发生了一起车祸。A car accident _ _ at the street corner the day before yesterday.3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态 Mother told me not to be late.I was told not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the ga
12、rden.They made him work 12 hours a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day.在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。一些使役动词一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为
13、被动语态时，要，但改为被动语态时，要补上补上to。如：。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the t
14、eacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时，doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)Homework把下列句子改为被动语态1.We plant many trees every year.Many trees are planted by us every year.2.His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10.He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.
