1、将来过去现在一 般完 成进 行完 成 进 行现在一般现在时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过 去一般过去时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将 来一般将来时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have be
2、en doing过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时现在完成进行时一般现在时一般过去式一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来时现在完成进行时一般现在时He goes to school at six every day.经常性、习惯性often,usually,every day,neverEngland and France are separated by the English Channel.The earth moves around the sun.现在的状态、特征或普遍真理和事实Peace Talks Fall.Ow
3、en shoots,but the ball hits the post.The story is set in the spring of 2003.书报标题球赛现场报导小说Pride goes before a fall.Something is better than nothing.格言When I graduate,Ill go to the countryside.时间状语从句If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting.条件状语从句现在表将来Make sure all the windows are closed before yo
4、u leave.Be sure you finish it today.See to it that the door is fastened before you go to bed.make sure,be sure,see to(it),make certain,take care(that)+从句（一般现在时）The train leaves at nine in the morning.“When does the bus start?”“It starts in ten minutes.”往返位移：arrive,come,drive,fly,go,leave,move,return
5、,ride,sail开始结束：begin,close,end,open,start,stop按计划、时间要发生的动作He says he cant wait any longer.My friends tell me that youve been unwell.I hear you want a secretary.现在表过去say,tell,hear,learn转述It is +一段时间 +since从句It is ten years since I moved to Shanghai.现在表完成一般过去时He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.He worked in a fa
6、ctory in 1986.Jack wrote ten letters this morning.过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作He lived in Paris until he was ten.We lived just outside Oxford in the nineties,but we didnt have a car.在过去存在或持续了一段时间的某种状态 He rode a horse to school every day when he was a child.Every morning I took a walk when I was in the countrysid
7、e.过去经常发生的动作或多次反复的行为 I used to play chess when I was at school.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.There didnt use to be any crime around here in the old days.(used to 可用于描写过去的状态）used to dowould do Edison was a great inventor.Jack was a cripple all his life.对已去世的人的情况描述 Its time you had a holi
8、day.I wish you lived closer to us.Id rather you did it now.虚拟语气：过去表现在 Did you ever see a lion?She never heard such a beautiful song before.与 ever,never,once连用，表示过去的经验一般将来时 The weather will be good tomorrow.Look at those black clouds.It will definitely rain later.(预测的将来）Oh!Our guests are here.Ill go
9、and sort out some drinks for them.（意愿的将来）Ill be sixteen years old next months.（将来的事实）If we go on like that,well lose all our money.Look at those black clouds.It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.When he comes,I will give him your message.(am going to)be going to do The President
10、is to hold an official reception for the visitors.The boy is to go to school tomorrow.be to do If a man is to succeed,he must work very hard.If British tennis is to reach world standard again,both more money and more money commitment will be necessary.The repairs are due to start on 26th May.Im due
11、to graduate in the next half of the year.be due to do Come on!The check-in desk is about to close.Ladies and gentlemen.Please take your seats.The performance is about to start.be about to do We were on the point of telephoning you when your telegram arrived.They are likely to arrive before six.The n
12、ew timetable is sure to annoy some of the teachers when they see it.be on the point of doingbe likely to dobe sure to do现在进行时 They are playing tennis now.It is still raining outside.My foot is hurting and my back is aching.现在正在进行的动作某些体感动词的持续状态 He is jumping with joy.Someone is knocking at the door.少
13、数瞬间动词用进行时表示不断重复的动作 Shes staying in my house this time.I dont really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.少数动词用进行时表示一个人的临时行为live,work,study,stay,help Im feeding the neighbors cat this week while shes in hospital.Jacks having a tough time at the office at the moment and hes
14、smoking about fifty cigarettes a day.在一个特定的时间段内反复进行的事情 We are leaving here tomorrow.They are getting married next month.Were seeing a musical at the theatre sometime next week.The Computer City has announced that it is opening four new shops next month.根据安排最近将来要出现的情况开始、终结、往来go,come,arrive,leavemove,
15、stay,return,land,take offbegin,end,start,stop,close,opendie,drive,fall,fly,travel She is always complaining.He is forever finding fault with me.The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box.与 always,constantly,continually,forever 连用表达某种感情色彩不满意、不耐烦 Do you hear what she is saying?You k
16、now Im telling the truth.表示离现在较近的过去 When I say somebody is lazy,Im not referring to you.If you climb mountains in such bad weather,you are asking for trouble.用于解释或归纳前面说的话 Are you feeling better today?Im hoping you will come.Im telling you the truth.You are doing fine work at school.表示“关切”、“礼貌”、“强调”、
17、“赞美”under discussionunder wayunder constructionunder repairunder medical treatment不用于进行时态的动词be,consist,contain,exist,remain存在belong to,have(own),include,lack,possess拥有 desire,despite,detest,dislike,envy hate,like,love,need,pity,prefer,trust,want,wish心理情感静态动词 believe,doubt,expect,forget,imagine,inten
18、d,know,realize,recognize,remembersuppose,understand思想信念 appear,resemble,seem,concerndepend,deserve,fit,mattermean,mind其它 Im having a really good time,thanks.Your son is being very obedient at the moment.用于进行时态成为非静态动词表达不同含义强调一个临时行为 On behalf of the company,I apologize for any inconvenience caused.第一人
19、称动词 accept,apologize,congratulate,declaredeny,disagree,forbid,forgiveguarantee,insist,invite,orderpredict,promise,recommendrefuse,suggest,thank,warn表实施行为，而非描述动作过去进行时 In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作 During my training I was earning a lo
20、t less than my wife.His symptoms were becoming more pronounced each day.行为短暂强调动作的不断变化和发展 Darkness was falling over the city when I came back home.Seventy cars were crossing the river when the bridge collapsed.与一般过去式一起使用描述一个动作进行过程中另一个动作发生 For the first three months she was receiving chemotherapy on a
21、 weekly basis.强调在过去一个临时的时间段里反复进行的事情 My brother was always losing his keys.与always,constantly,continually,forever连用表达某种感情色彩表示现在时用于心中无把握或有礼貌的请求hope,want,think,wonder I was rather hoping that Mr.Howard would be able to see me this morning.I was wondering whether you could help me.将来进行时 What will you be
22、 doing this time tomorrow?When I get home,you will probably be watching television.将来某个特定时间要进行的动作表示早先已安排将来要做的或预定会发生的事往往指难以改变 He will be staying with us again next year.I will be seeing her over Christmas vacation.把将来的事件看作是惯例或常规 Winston will be performing with his steel band every night of the musica
23、l festival.Ill be seeing Mr.Kennedy at the court tomorrowhes always there on Thursday so we can discuss your case briefly then.Were having our weekly meeting tomorrow instead of Friday this week.We have our weekly meeting tomorrow so Ill present your proposal then.We are going to see a musical at th
24、e theatre sometimes next week.比较will be doing Theyll be watching television now.Hurry up.They will be waiting.Its six oclock.He wont be working now.现在完成时 He has gone to Fuzhou.动作在说话前已完成，但对现在有影响already,yet,just,recently,latelystill,ever,so far,seldom,never动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去 He has studied English
25、 for 5 years.I have been here since 1993.Now I have finished the work.Up to now,everything has been successful.for,since,so far,now in the past few years,todaythis week,up to now He has got married for six years.He has been married for six years.表短暂动作：come,go,die,marry,buy不能与for,since连用注since He has
26、 taught English at this school since 1993.I havent seen him since three years ago.Great changes have taken place here since you left.I havent heard from Susan since she lived in Shanghai.现在完成时 VS 过去时动作延续到现在且仍未结束动作结束表述时间尚未结束表述时间已过与现在有联系与现在没有联系不指代一个明确时间指代明确的过去某一时间 The tower has stood there for centuri
27、es.They drove on for three hours.I havent seen Keith this morning yet.I didnt see Keith at all this morning.I have lost my keys to the drawer.I lost my key to the drawer yesterday.Ive been Beijing twice.I went to Beijing in 1990 and 2006.过去完成时 By the time the UN task force arrived,the rebel forces h
28、ad taken the province.过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态 The train had left before I reached the station.常与before,after,when,until等词引导的过去时的状语从句连用 My younger brother took the driving test five times before he managed to pass.注：主句也可用一般过去时 I left university before Id taken the final exams.主句（过去时）+before +从句（过去完成时）不等
29、 .就By/Towards/Before the end of +过去时间At the time of +过去事件By+过去时间By the time +句子(过去时）+句子（过去完成时）HardlyScarcelyBarelyNo sooner过去完成时（倒装）+when/before+句子（过去时）+将来完成时 By the end of next week,they will have reached the destination.You can have my report by the end of the morning.In fact,Ill have finished it
30、within the next hour.预计将来某个时刻前某种行为已经完成过去将来时 They were sure that they would succeed.从过去某个时间看来要发生的动作would do He said he would call for me at six.She asked me what I would do the next morning.常用于宾语从句 I was going to play table tennis that afternoon.I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the
31、 first time.As he raised his arm she realized that she was about to strike her again.Was/were going toWas/were to doWas/were about toWas/were due to 现在完成进行时 Her telephone has been ringing for a long time.I has been raining since last Sunday.一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到到说话时还在进行或刚结束 You have been coughing a l
32、ot today.He has been scoring plenty of goals this season.表示一个重复性的动作关切，惊异，愤怒 Helens been spending a lot of time at the club lately与lately,recently连用表示动作的临时性 现在完成进行时 VS 现在完成时动作的延续性，”未完成“”已完成“不用于表达动作重复的句子用于描述反复多次的行为动作的临时性动作持续的状态强调动作本身强调动作结果 I have been writing a letter.I have written a letter.She has b
33、een playing with the symphony orchestra all season.She has played with the symphony orchestra three times this season.People have been eating less meat recently because of the crisis.People have eaten a lot less meat over the last twenty years or so.Ive been doing my accounts all afternoon.Ive done
34、the accounts here they are.被动语态被动语态一 般完 成进 行现在is/are doneis/are being donehave/has been done过 去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将 来will be donewill have been done过去将来would be donewould have been doneWe always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.We awarded him a me
35、dal.He was awarded a medal.A medal was awarded to him.People say she knows five languages.She is said to know five languages.It is said that she knows five languages.People say he will come tomorrow.He is said to be coming tomorrow.It is said that he will come tomorrow.We believe the book has been t
36、ranslated into English.The book is believed to have been translated into English.It is believed that the book has been translated into English.It is said thatIt is hoped thatIt is supposed thatIt must be admitted thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is well known thatIt is believed that常见表达方式want,need,
37、require,deserve主动表被动 The children need looking after.The window wants/requires repairing.This point deserves mentioning.well,easily,smoothly The cloth washes/sells well.The third act plays well.The poem reads smoothly.This pair of glasses wears comfortably.clean,cut,cook,burn,drawpick,play,read,sell
38、,tear,wash,wear,writecant,wont,doesnt The play wont act.In warm weather meat and fish wont keep long.The door wont shut.The car wont start.The library doesnt open on Sunday.act,keep,lock,move,open,shut,start He has improved his pronunciation.His pronunciation has improvedbegin,bend,break,burst,chang
39、eclose,cook,continue,crack,crashdecrease,drive,drop,finish,flygrow,improve,increase,meltopen,rot,run,sail,sell out,shrink,shutslow,split,spread,start,stickstop,stretch,tear,widen The book is worth reading twice.worth +动名词doing The water feels very cold.The dish tastes delicious.某些感官动词 +形容词feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste,wear
