1、定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修，修饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。被定被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（句的关系词有关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose等）和关系副词等）和关系副词（where,when,why）。）。关系词在定语从句中的作用关系词在定语从句中的作用：连接主：连接主句和定语从句；指代先行词；在定句和定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当一定的成分。语从句中充当一定的成分。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词多指物，在从句中作主语
2、或作动词 的宾语的宾语。（。（that/which作宾语时可省。）作宾语时可省。）1)A plane is a machine that can fly.A plane is a machine which can fly.2)Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday?Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?2.which指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语。(which与与that指物时可以互相代替，指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。更常见。)
3、1)His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.2)The film(that)we saw last night was very wonderful.The film(which)we saw last night was very wonderful.which与与that作主语作主语_(可以可以/不可以不可以)省略省略;作宾语作宾语_(可以可以/不可以不可以)省略。省略。不可以不可以可以可以3.who 指人指人(即它的先行词必须是人即
4、它的先行词必须是人),从句中作主语或宾语从句中作主语或宾语。whom是宾格是宾格,只能作只能作_。1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.宾语宾语2)He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.that有时也指人有时也指人,代替代替who,whom
5、，可作，可作主语或宾语。主语或宾语。4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可它既可 以代人也可以代物。以代人也可以代物。1)I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.2)Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.3)Ill call a person.His father knows you.Ill call a person whose father kn
6、ows you.关系副词关系副词when,where,why可代替的先可代替的先行词是行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。句中作状语。e.g.That was the very day when I first saw my niece Angela.This is the factory where my father worked for thirty years.Nobody knew the reason why Eva left the party so early.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介
7、词宾语介词宾语只能用只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人代人。(在末尾时在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)e.g.This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.The ro
8、om(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.注意注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前。介词不能提前。e.g.look after,look at,look fore.g.This is the pen which Im looking for.关系副词关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于的含义相当于“介词介词+which”结构结构
9、，因此常常和，因此常常和“介词介词+which”结构交替使用。结构交替使用。which用于指代用于指代物，物，whom用于指代人。用于指代人。e.g.There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定：1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关 系。系。2.根据从句
10、中动词或形容词的习惯搭根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭 配。配。3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who,whom,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词1.who follows a word referring to _.(a)a person (b)a thing2.which follows a word referring to _.(a)a thing (b)a person(a)(a)Look
11、 at the sentences in activity 1.Choose the right answer.3.Instead of which you can say _.(a)who (b)that4.where follows a word that refers to _.(a)place (b)time5.when follows a word that refers to _.(a)place (b)time6.whose means _.(a)of whom (b)who(a)(a)(b)(b)A where there were lots of new ideasB whi
12、ch Mencius gave.C whose ideas were very influential D who lived an unusual life.E when there was a lot of war.1.Confucius lived in a century2.Ancient China was a country3.Some rulers followed the advice4.Philosophers were people5.Mozi was a manMatch the two parts of the sentences.Complete each sente
13、nce with one of these words.1.Mencius wrote a book _ many people have read.2.Mencius came from a part of the world _ change was happening fast.whichwhere who which when where whose3.This was a period _ many people became interested in Confuciuss teachings.4.Mozi was a man _ behavior was often unusua
14、l.5.Mozi was a teacher _ principles were different from those of Confucius.whose whenwhose who which when where whose6.It was a time _ philosophers could have positions in governments.7.He came from an area _ people were very poor.wherewhen who which when where whoseMatch sentences 1-4 with sentence
15、s A-D.1.For example,it is the country in which silk was first invented.2.He is a man of whom China can be proud.3.The book in which printing was first used was called The Diamond Sutra.A.Su Song was an eleventh-century monk who(m)very little is known about.B.The book which printing first appeared in
16、 was called The Diamond Sutra.4.Su Song was an eleventh-century monk about whom very little is known.1:C 2:D 3:B 4:AC.For example,it is the country which silk was first invented in.D.He is a man who(m)China can be proud of.Rewrite these sentences as in the examples in activity 1.1.The man who(m)I am
17、 thinking of invented the first real clock.The man of whom I am thinkinginvented the first real clock.2.These are the leaves which silk is made from.These are the leaves from which silk is made.This is the house in which the inventor lived.4.This is the house which the inventor lived in.3.He is a pe
18、rson who(m)everyone has heard of.He is a person of whom everyone has heard.1.Were in the region.Printing was first invented in this region.Connect these sentences using the given phrases.of which at which to whom of whom in which Were in the region in which printing was first invented.2.It is an inv
19、ention.He is very proud of this invention.It is an invention of which he is very proud.of which at which to whom of whom in which He is a man of whom Im afraid because he has invented something dangerous.3.He is a man.I am afraid of this man because he has invented something dangerous.of which at wh
20、ich to whom of whom in which Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?4.The machine is very old.You are looking at that machine.The machine at which youre looking is very old.5.Is that the inventor?You were talking to him.of which at which to whom of whom in which 1.Mencius believed that the re
21、ason why man is different from animals is that man is good.Giving reasonsLook at these sentences.Underline the words that are the same in both sentences.2.Often,the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.Rewrite the sentences.Example:I like reading about ancient China bec
22、ause the philosophy is very interesting.The reason why I like reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.1.We remember the ancient philosophers because their ideas are important.The reason why we remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important.2.I boug
23、ht the book because it is about philosophy.The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy.3.Mencius resigned because the ruler was not following his advice.The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice.4.Mozi hated the idea of war because he thought
24、 people should not kill each other.The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people should not kill each other.用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan 1._ I grew up.My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2._ I was born.The house in 3._ I grew up is
25、on a main street in Tai Dong.My father sold tea,and my mother had a small restaurant across from our house.where when which A cousin of mine 4._ family I visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice(学徒学徒)5._ my father was teaching the tea business to.On the first floor of our house we had
26、 a huge kitchen 6._ we all gathered for dinner.The bedrooms were upstairs.whose whom/who/thatwhere My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another 7._ I shared with Polly,the smartest bird 8._ I had ever seen.which/thatthat1.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot o
27、f noise.（2016年北京卷）年北京卷）A.whose B.why C.where D.which A 2.Many young people,most _ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.（2016年江苏卷）年江苏卷）A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those C 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.（2016年年江苏卷）江苏卷）A.whom B.which C.what D.that B 4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.（2016天津天津）A.that B.where C.which D.when D Finish the exercises 1-3 on page 91.
