1、used as an adjective or adverbGrammar and usage1.只有一种形式只有一种形式(规则规则+ed;不规则要记不规则要记)3.有动词和形容词有动词和形容词,副词的性质副词的性质2.表被动表被动(vt.)或完成或完成(vt.&vi.)过去分词过去分词Features:Past Participle4.stand/sit/lie+v-ed-表两个动作同表两个动作同时发生时发生.They stood talking to each other.Fortunately,she just lay trapped under the building.1.作作定语定
2、语3.作表语作表语2.作宾补作宾补过去分词过去分词Usage:4.作状语作状语1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 1.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.=Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.2.If I had the chance,I would have a cloned baby.=If I had the chance,I would have a baby who is cloned.过去
3、分词作定语时，它和被修饰过去分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词是逻辑上的被动关系，相当的词是逻辑上的被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。于一个被动语态的定语从句。Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；分词短语则放在之后。前；分词短语则放在之后。the highly praised scientist the fall
4、en leaves the completed building =the scientist who has been highly praised=the leaves that have fallen=the building that has been completed 多数情况下多数情况下,及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词可以表示词可以表示完成和被动完成和被动含义；不含义；不及物的过去分词则表示及物的过去分词则表示完成完成。在礼堂里做演讲在礼堂里做演讲的教授的教授在田间劳作的农在田间劳作的农民民持续半个小时的持续半个小时的会议会议朝街的大楼朝街的大楼the professor g
5、iving a speech in the hallthe farmers working in the fieldthe meeting lasting half an hourthe building facing the street现在分词表主动现在分词表主动,表正在进行表正在进行2.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 1.Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A.interested B.interesting 2.He seems quite delighted at the
6、news.3.The glass is broken.(系表结构系表结构)表示主语所处的状态。很多过去分词已表示主语所处的状态。很多过去分词已完全具备形容词的特征。完全具备形容词的特征。Adelighting令人高兴的令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的感到愉快的satisfying令人满意的令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的感到满意的su
7、rprising令人惊异的令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的感到惊异的worrying令人担心的令人担心的-worried感到担心的感到担心的tiring令人疲倦的令人疲倦的-tired感到疲倦的感到疲倦的boring 令人厌烦的令人厌烦的-bored 感到厌烦的感到厌烦的1.I noticed an_(amaze)difference.I was_(amaze)at the great differences.但但:1)Her _(frighten)voice suggested she was _(frighten).2)We knew from his_(disappoint)lo
8、ok that he didnt pass the test.2.Can you tell me why the _sun looks much bigger than the_ sun?(rise)3.The _news made her_.(upset)4.The boy was more_(frighten)than_(hurt).amazingamazedfrightenedfrighteneddisappointedrisingrisenupsettingupsetfrightenedhurt3.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补 1.He felt his face lost befor
9、e his friends.My family heard my poem broadcast by the BBC.I want this work finished by tomorrow.Will you please make yourself known to us,please?You should keep them informed of what is going on here.I will never get all this work finished.Tips:过去分词作宾补常用于以过去分词作宾补常用于以下情况：下情况：1.用在表示感觉或心理状态词用在表示感觉或心理状
10、态词语语:feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch等。等。2.使役动词的词语：使役动词的词语：leave,make,get,have,keep等。等。4.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语1.Tired after the trip,he soon fell asleep.2.Given more time,I would have worked out the problem.3.Lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.4.The teacher came in,followed by some students.5.Seen
11、from the hill,the city looks like a garden.原因状语原因状语原因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语时间状语时间状语伴随状语伴随状语 1.Tired after the trip,he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired after the trip,he soon fell asleep.2.Given more time,I would have worked out the problem.=If I had been given more time,I would have worked out the prob
12、lem.3.Lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.4.The teacher came in,followed by some students.=The teacher came in and he was followed by some students.5.Seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill,it looks like a garden.=Because he was lost in thought,he al
13、most ran into a car.He will not come unless invited.Though told to stop,he kept on walking.Im doing my homework as requested.过去分词作状语时，前面常有过去分词作状语时，前面常有unless,when,if,while,though,as if 等等连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表示示 的意思更加明确。的意思更加明确。(作作条件条件状语状语)(作作让步让步状语状语)(作作方式方式状语状语)All of these subject are t
14、he same as those in the main clause.If it is not the same,we should use“逻辑主语逻辑主语+过去分词过去分词”构成的独立结构构成的独立结构The house destroyed,they had to live in the shelter.A book in hand,he went into the classroom.=He went into the classroom with a book in his hand.1.Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.2.
15、Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.3.The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.4.Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.5.They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.规律规律(一一):):分词分词:现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词 现在现在分词表示分词表示主动主动和和进行进行；过去过去分词表示分词表示被动被动和和完成完成
16、。分词作状语时分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动无论主动还是被动形式形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致主语应该保持一致规律规律(二二):):当当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑形式作状语时，要考虑时态时态与与语态语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作作之前之前，需用，需用having done,如果表被动则用如果表被动则用 having been doneExerciseCan you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ed form?(1)We should drin
17、k water which has been boiled.(2)They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.(3)The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ed form?(1)We should drink water which has been boiled.We should drink boiled water.(2)Th
18、ey took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.(3)The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.The kidnappers were using a stolen car.The dark-haired man went into the room.4.The man who was dark-haired went into the ro
19、om.(5)The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name mentioned in the letter was known to me.(6)The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.(7)Frightened by the scene,the girl did no
20、t dare go out alone.Because she was frightened by the scene,the girl did not dare go out alone.(8)Once seen,it can never be forgotten.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(9)Unless invited,I will not go to the party.Unless I am invited,I will not go to the party.链接高考链接高考1.The managers discussed
21、 the plan that they would like to see _the next year.（2000全国）全国）Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out 2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 3.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when_ at th
22、e meeting by my boss.（04全国全国IV）A.questioningB.have questionedC.questioned D.to be questioned4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it_ often enough.（05天津卷）天津卷）A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.
23、（02全国）全国）Begins having begunBeginning begun 6._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police(05江苏卷江苏卷)A.Having lost B.Lost B.C.Being lost D.Losing 7._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷）湖南卷）A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having
24、 dressed8.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .（04重庆）重庆）A.worried B.to worryC.worrying D.worry9._ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（05上海卷）上海卷）A.Put B.Putting C.Having put D.Be
25、ing put10._with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（04湖北）湖北）ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared11._by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.（04辽宁）辽宁）AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attractedDHaving att
26、racted 12.When first_ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.（04全国全国II）A.introducing B.introducedC.Introduce D.being introduced 13._ and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(2006全国全国)A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprisingConsolidation I.Multiple choice:1.-Wh
27、ats the language _ in New Zealand?-English.A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak2.The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.A.produced B.producing C.to produce D.which produced3.-Youd better have your sports jacket _.Its too dirty.-Thanks.I will.A.to wash B.washed C.washing D.wash4.Yester
28、day I heard a story _ by my friend.A.told B.telling B.C.to tell D.tell5.Generally speaking,when _according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.taking B.taken C.to take D.to be taken6.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having be
29、en writtenB.to be written C.being written D.written7.Is this the watch you wish _?A.to have repaired B.to repair it C.to have it repaired D.will be repaired8._ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Though he had been toldC.He was told D.Having toldII.Translation:1.这扇朝南的窗
30、户是破的。这扇朝南的窗户是破的。The window facing the south is broken.2我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。Our head teacher is a woman loved by all.3.我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。The letter that reached me today is from my brother.4.输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。She looked disappointed after she lost the game.5.从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很
31、壮丽。Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks significant.6.那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand,sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.=The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.=The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.
