1、2021 考研英语一真题及答案解析Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, l
2、ogically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It (1)in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then (2)starts to slowly decline as we age.But (3)aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and
3、 the (4)of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the (5)that lifestyle factors might help prevent or (6)this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that (7)measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000middle-to-old
4、er-aged men and women and (8)that data toreported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people (9)higher measures of abdominal fat (10)worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years (11).For women, the association may be (12)to changes in immunity th
5、at resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be (13)It is hoped that future studies could (14)these differences and perhaps lead to different (15)for men and women. (16)there are steps you can (17)to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you
6、 age in order to protect both your physical and mental (18). The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your (19)of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style (20)that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. 【题干】1. 【选项】A.pause B.returC.pea
7、k D.fade【答案】C2. 【题干】2. 【选项】A.alternatively B.formally C.accidentally D.generally【答案】D3. 【题干】3. 【选项】A.while B.since C.once D.until【答案】A 4.【题干】4. 【选项】A.detectio B.accumulatio C.consumptio D.separatio【答案】B5. 【题干】5. 【选项】A.possibility B.decisio C.goal D.requirement【答案】A6. 【题干】6. 【选项】A.delay B.ensure C.se
8、ekD.utilize【答案】A 7.【题干】7. 【选项】A.modify B.supported C.included D.predicted【答案】C8. 【题干】8. 【选项】A.devoted B.compared C.converted D.applied【答案】B9. 【题干】9. 【选项】A.with B.above C.by D.against【答案】A10. 【题干】10. 【选项】A.above B.managed C.scored D.played【答案】C11. 【题干】11. 【选项】A.ran outB. set offC. drew iD. went by【答案
9、】D12. 【题干】12. 【选项】A.superior B.attributable C.parallel D.resistant【答案】B13. 【题干】13. 【选项】A.restored B.isolated C.involved D.controlled【答案】C14. 【题干】14. 【选项】A.alterB.spread C.remove D.explai【答案】D15. 【题干】15. 【选项】A.compensatio B.symptom C.demand D.treatments【答案】D16. 【题干】16. 【选项】A.Likewise B.Meanwhile C.Th
10、erefore D.Instead【答案】B17. 【题干】17. 【选项】A.change B.watch C.count D.take【答案】D18. 【题干】18. 【选项】A.well-being B.proce C.formatio D.coordinatio【答案】A19. 【题干】19. 【选项】A.level B.loveC.knowledge D.space【答案】A20. 【题干】20. 【选项】A.desig B.routine C.diet D.prescriptio【答案】CPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are g
11、iven in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Stay calm.B. Sta
12、y humble.C. Decide whether to waitD. Be realistic about the risks.E. Dont make judgements.F. Identify a shared goal.G. Ask permission to disagree.How to disagree with someone more powerful than you Your boss proposes a new initiative you think wont work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timel
13、ine you believe is unrealistic.What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether its worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Heres how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide its best to hold off
14、on voicing your opinion. Maybe you havent finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinki
15、ng 一 all the things that would makethe disagreement stronger or more valid. Its also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in ameeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42.Before you share your thoughts, think about w
16、hat the powerful person cares about 一 it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. Youre more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you re seen not as a disagreeable subordi
17、nate but as a colleague whos trying toadvance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but its a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can see something like, “I kno
18、w we seem to be moving toward a first quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that wont work. Id like to layout my reasoning- Would that be OK? This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally optin.And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your d
19、isagreement.44.You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gels to choose what
20、 signals to read. Deep breaths can help, a can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When wefeelpanicky,wetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthep aceandtalkinginaneven tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes youseemconfident, even if you arent.Emphasize th
21、at youre only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but its still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying,“If we set an end of quarter deadline, we will never make it say, This is just my opinio
22、n, but I dont see how we will make that deadline. Having asserted your opinion (as a position, not asa fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.参考答案：43.CDecide whether to wait
23、42.F Identify a shared goal 43.GAsk permission to disagree 44.A Stay calm45.B Stay humble Part C 46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSIWER SHIEET.(15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connec
24、tion, laughter, and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didnt expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transporta
25、tion to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplac
26、ed anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it tums out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.参考译文：我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们关系、欢乐和温暖的最大来源。尽管这一说法很大程 度上是对的，但是研究者们最近也发现， 与陌生人交流实际上也会带来我们意料之
27、外的情绪 高涨和归属感。在一系列的研究中，研究者们通知芝加哥地区乘用公共交通的通勤者开始一段和周围人 的交流。一般来讲，得到通知的参加者们比要求安静站着或坐着的人们感觉更好。同时，研 究者们也认为我们羞于和陌生人随意交流时，经常是因为一种错位的恐慌，即他们可能并不 像和我们聊天。但是，很多时候，这种观念是错误的。正如结果证实，很多人实际上非常愿 意去开始一段谈话，甚至可能很开心得到你的注意。考题文章总词数 150 词，共 2 段，7 句话。题目难度适中，题材常规，符合英语二翻译历年的考题规律。相似题材的文章曾经考过， 如 2020 年“失败”这篇文章。考题贴近生活， 总体难度较低，考生可从容应
28、对，下面进行解析。难句剖析1. 【 原 文 】 Whilethatmaywellbetrue, researchershavealsorecentlyfound thatinteractingwith strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didnt【分析】本句话为首段的较难句，while 引导让步状语从句，主干当中宾语为从句，that 从句作为定于修饰 aboostinmood 和feelingsofbelonging。首先需要确定 while 的词义，这句话根据语义表示让步，译
29、为“尽管”，另外就是宾语从句中 and 并列，翻译的时候要注意that 从句的处理，容易出现逻辑问题。【译文】尽管这一说法很大程度上是对的，但是研究者们最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上也会带来我们意想不到的情绪高涨和归属感。2.【原文】Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommutersusingpublic transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. 【分析】本句话主干为 researchers instructed commute
30、rs to strike up a conversation.。其中， using public transportation 做 commuters 的后置定语，strike up 指“开始；结交”。【译文】在一系列的研究中，研究者们通知芝加哥地区乘用公共交通的通勤者开始一段和 周围人的交流。3.【原文】Onaverage,participantswhofollowedthisinstructionfeltbettert hanthosewhohad been told to stand or sit in silence.【分析】本句的主干为“participants felt bette
31、r than those”，主语和 than 后面的宾语都由定语从句修饰。翻译时顺序进行即可。【译文】一般来讲，得到通知的参加者们比要求安静站着或坐着的人们感觉更好。4.【原文】Theresearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteract ionswith strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to【分析】句子主干为“The researchers also argued that.”，宾语从句当中又包含一个时
32、间状语从句。本句考点之一在于从句处 理，宾语从句顺序翻译，状语从句提前翻译。【译文】同时，研究者们也认为我们羞于和陌生人随意交流时， 经常是因为一种错位的恐 慌，即他们可能并不像和我们聊天。5. 【 原 文 】 Asitturnsout, manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalk andmayevenbe flattered to receive your【分析】本句由主句和 as 定语从句构成，as 译为“正如”。本句考点之一在于 flattered， flatter 本意是“奉承、谄媚”， flattered 直接作为形容词，有“受宠若惊的、感
33、到荣幸的” 的含义。【译文】正如结果证实，很多人实际上非常愿意去开始一段谈话， 甚至可能很开心得到你的注意SectionIII Writing Part A 47.Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about theceremony.You should
34、 write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Suppose you are organizing an online meeting,write an email to Jack,an international student to1.invite him toparticipate 2.Tell him about thedetail解析：英语二小作文考查的是电子邮件，
35、属于书信类型，要求考生写一封邀请信。对于邀请信， 考生应该在审题的时候弄清楚写信对象是机构还是个人，很明显要求给杰克写信，因此称 呼上就可以直接写Dear Jack。邀请书信的第一段可以写两句话：第一句写出即将召开一次会议这个背景即可；第二句要求写出写信目的，写信目的是第一段最重要的。第二段大概写 4 句话：第一句写个主题句。第二句至第四句写关于这次会议的具体内容， 这部分具体内容没有硬性要求，可以自己编写,比如会议的主题、会议的议程和会议的参加者等等。第三段大概写三句：第一句是再次表明写信目的，即希望对方能出席会议，第二句表 示感谢，第三句写期待回复。正文最后写结束语和签名，切记不能写自己的
36、名字，用李明 来落款。日期可以写也可以不写，建议大家不写日期，如果写日期的话要写在正文的右上角。参考范文： Dear Jack,On behalf of the council of the meeting, I am honorable to inform you there is going to an online meeting next week. I am writing to ask if you are available to participate in this meeting at 10:00 on next Sunday.Some detailed informati
37、on concerning this meeting can be listed as below. The subject of the meeting, initially, is regarding how to improve students study efficiency. To continue, the meeting will last approximately 2 hours, including participants speeches, discussion and our presidents summary. More importantly, the mee
38、ting will be held via the Internet, so it is necessary for all the participants to prepare for a P.C. or a mobilephone.I sincerely hope that you could give me honor to attend this meeting. Your prompt attention to my email would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your response.Yours trul
39、y,Li Ming Part B48.Directions： Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting.youshould1)interpret the chart,and 2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)解析：英语二大作文考查的是柱状图，看似是动态图，实则不能写动态度，而应该按照饼状图来描述。英语二大作文可以写题目也可以不写题目。段落结构分三段来写。第一段大概写 3 句：第一句写主题句， 总体介绍这是一个
40、什么图形关于什么话题，第二句具体描述数据，第三句也是具体描述数据。建议把占比例较多的两个一起描述，占比例较少的一起描述。第二段写 4-5 句话：第一句可以写论点句，论点不确定的话也可以不写。第二句写分析 原因之前的过渡句，这句必须写。第三句分析原因，原因不容易写，可以从体育运动的好 处来写。第四句仍然分析原因，可以从人们为什么喜欢不同方式锻炼的角度来分析。第三段写 2-3 句即可：第一句写结论句，结论句不能省略，结论围绕运动来写即可。第二句写趋势预测，趋势写总体发展趋势即可。第三句写呼吁或者建议。参考范文：As is apparently reflected in the column abo
41、ve, we are informed a survey in terms of various approaches in which residents take sports exercise in a certain city. To be more specific, those taking exercise by themselves or with friends take a lions share, accounting for over 90%. By contrast, those who choose to be engaged in physical sports
42、with family members or participate in group activities occupy a minor proportion, making up 23.9% and 13.8% respectively.It is not a difficult job to find out the reasons behind this phenomenon. There is no denying that, to begin with, along with a growing amount of pressure, people increasingly rec
43、ognize the significance of sports, as a result of which, it is no surprise to see a sports wave in our society.Simultaneously, it is the differentiation of individuals that gives rise to various preferences and inclination towards sports approaches, to the extent that someone would like to take phys
44、ical exercise alone, others are willing to do sports with friends or family.Based on what has been analyzed above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that taking physical exercise will undoubtedly be good for peoples health no matter whom you do it with together. As a proverb goes, “Go outside and kee
45、p moving, you will be much healthier.” Considering the discussion above, it is predicted that there will be more residents participating in sports activities in the forthcomingyearSection II Reading Comprehension Part BThe following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are
46、 required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically
47、depicted as something sinister that will upend ourway of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that dont involve doom-and-mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use Al more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application?Preventing electronic security breaches, whic
