1、中考英语知识点一、重要情态动词的用法1.can 表示能力,一般译为“能会”,尤其指生来具备的能力She can swim fast, but I cant .她会游泳,但我不会 表示许可,常在口语中You can use my dictionary.你可以使用我的词典 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时cant译为“不可能”Can the news be true?这个消息可能是真的吗?It cant be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能是我们老师他正在参观长城呢2.could can的过去式,意为“能会”
2、,表示过去的能力He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁的时候就会写诗 could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思Could you do me a favor?你可以帮我一个忙吗?Could I use your pen?我可以使用你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.(注意回答)可以 3.may 表示请求许可,比can正式,May I borrow your bike?我可以借用你的自行车吗?You may go home now.你现在可以回家了 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中It may r
3、ain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨 may的过去式为 mightmight 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)He is away from school.He might be sick.他离开学校了也许是病了 表示希望祈求祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”通常是用may +主+VMay you have a good time!祝你玩的愉快!May you be happy!祝你快乐!May you succeed!祝你成功! 4.must must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”You must stay here until I come back.你必须待在这里,直
4、到我回来Must I hand in my homework right now?我现在必须要交作业吗? 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或dont have to .Must I finish my homework?我必须完成作业吗?No, you neednt.不,你不必 must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯开着,所以他现在一定在家 其否定形式mustnt表示“禁止,不许”You mustnt play with fire.你不许玩火You
5、 mustnt be late.你不许迟到注意:其反意问句的构成形式:当must表示肯定的判断推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成She must have seen the film before,hasnt she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)她之前一定看过这部电影,难道没有吗?You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didnt you?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)你昨天一定在商店见到王叔叔了,难道没有吗? 5.need need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,意为“不必”用need提问时
6、,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或dont have toNeed I stay here any longer?我需要待在这里吗?Yes, you must .是的,你必须No.you neednt /dont have to.不,你不必(2) need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式I need to do it right now.我需要现在做这件事注意:如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点: 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义; 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形
7、式而句子的意义不变The door needs painting.= The door needs to be painted.门需要被油漆6.daredare意为“敢敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性: dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告诉他们他知道的事情吗?I darent ask her.Will you do it for me?我不敢问她你可以为我问吗? dare作为实义动词,此时有人称数及时态的变化He doesnt dare to break
8、his promise.他不敢违背承诺注意:口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗?7.shallshall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一三人称)Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗?Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外面等好吗? 8.should should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告建议义务责任等We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境 Should have done 意为”本应该做某
9、事而没做“,表示对过去动作的责备批评You should have finished your homework.你本应该完成作业的(实际上没有)9.willwill表示意愿意志打算,可用于多种人称I will help you if Im free this afternoon.如果下午有空,我会帮你的 10.had betterhad better意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better notWe had better go now.你最好现在去二、反意疑问句重点精讲1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用arent I.Im as tall
10、 as your sister,arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn
11、t / oughtnt +主语He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v.(had to + v.),疑问部分常用dont +主语(didnt +主语)We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didnt +主语或usednt +主语He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v.疑
12、问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldnt +主语He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldnt +主语Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定He must be a doctor, isnt he?You
13、must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everythi
14、ng, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用itEverything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He sai
15、d he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数heEveryone knows the answer, do
16、nt they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will youDont do that again, w
17、ill you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意: Lets 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是there be结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20) must在表推测时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句He must be there now, isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 4
