1、精品文档 现在完成时的练习题 1的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven
2、t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。
3、have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： -Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？ -She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。 一 结构 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.No , 主语+have/has+not 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语 注意:
4、.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，,last等，除非与for, since连用. 1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中. He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently . We have se
5、en that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several ti
6、mes. 3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中
7、应注意两者的区别。 1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。 常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, c
8、lose, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等 3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. 不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. 不用has got up Has your brother been away
9、 from home for a long time? 不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系： 1、gobe away2、comebe here3、come backbe back4、leavebe away、buyhave、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up16、sit downsit/beseated17、joinbe
10、in或be amember 18、becomebe 4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如：I havent seen you for a long time. 四 区别下面三组词 Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来 Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来 Have been in 表示一直在某个地方 五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。 I have just been to Lond
11、on. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。 1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, alread
12、y, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 六 现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+not+主语 主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+主语 七 现在完成时考点例析 一、考查其构成 “助动词have +动词过去分词”构成现在完成时。如： 1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_
13、 ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she 析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents.A. has B. had
14、 C. did D. have 析：”so+助/系/情态动词+主语”结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。 二、考查其用法与标志词 当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如： 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -_ you _any
15、where before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_ A. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。 当句中有”for +段时间”或”since +点时间”等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词。如： 1. His brother has been to Stone For
16、est twice_he came to Yunnan. 一、 现在完成时的结构 _ _ 二、 去过某地 _ 三、 去了某地 _ 翻译句子。1. 我曾去过北京两次。 _ 2. Tom 呢？ 他去北京了？ _ 3. 我没去过游乐园。 我也没。 _ 单选： 1I_ a letter from him since he left Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have _ to Dazhu with my friends Abeen；gone Bbeen；bee
17、n Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？ Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5Youve never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？ Ahavent youBhave you Cdo you Ddont you 6We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen BsinceCbeforeDa
18、fter 7I have watched the game When you _ it？ Ahave；watchedBdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visitBdidnt visitChavent visitedDhadnt visited 9The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt f
19、elt Chavent feltDdidnt feel 10My grandfather_in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 11Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave beenBhas beenChave goneDhas gone 12His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan AafterBb
20、eforeCsinceDfor 13His grandpa _ for two years Awas diedBhas been deadCwas deadDhas died 14His sister _ her hometown for three years Shell return next year AleftBhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 用have been 或have gone 填空。 A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island. A: How long _ he _ the
21、re? B: He _ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式
22、填空。 Where is Jack? He _ his country. John _ England since he came back. How long _ have _ this village? The Smiths _ Beijing for years. _ you ever _ America? Yes, I _ there many times. I _ this school since three years ago. 三、 单选。 1 .How long _he_ the library book . A.has, borrow B.has ,keptC.has, b
23、ought D.did, buy .Mr Green isnt in the office , He _to the library A.has goneB.went C.has been D.willgo 3.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week A.hasbeen B.has visitedC.has sent D.has 4.They_China for two years A.have been to B.have been in C.have gone to D.have come to 5. May _ the book
24、for two weeks. A. borrowedB. lent C. kept D. bough 6. We havent seen the film_. A. already B. ever C. yetD. since 7. Mary isnt here. She has _ the shop. A. been to B. went toC. gone to D. / 8. -I have never heard of the news. -_ . A. So do I B. So have IC. Neither have I D. Either do I 9. She _ supp
25、er since six thirty. A. hasB . hadC. has hadD. doesnt have 10. _ you ever studied with over friends? A. WillB. HaveC. Are D. Do 11. How long has he been _ for you? A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. wrote gone 12. They have _ school for one year. A. be away from B. been away from C. left D. been leaving 1
26、3. Mr He died last year. He _for several months alredy. A. has been dyingB. has died C. has been dead D. died 14. He bought a bike last year. He has had the bike _. A. since a year B. for one year ago C.since a year ago D. for one year 15. How long_you_this bike? For two yeas A.does, have B.does, bu
27、y C.have hadD.have, bought 16.Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has boughtD. has had 17. My parents _Shandong for ten years. A.have been inB.have been toC. have gone toD. have been 一、时态讲解：现在完成时 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接
28、在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I?m sure we?ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet
29、等。如： I haven?t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven?t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 注意： a) since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, tw
30、o days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. His aunt has lived in Australia _1days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ oclock. India has been an independent country _1974. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _0 minutes. 7.
31、Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. 1. since2. for3. for4. since5. since6. for7. for8. since 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： 1 He has
32、 come here for weeks. The old man has died for months. They have left only for minutes. 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for weeks. The old man has _ _ for months. They have _ _ only for minutes 2）have been 和have gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？ W
33、here has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？ They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。 They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。. 3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如： She has
34、 already come. 她已经来了。 I haven?t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 They have never been to Yan?an. 他们从未去过延安。 I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 Irregular Verbs 2 Exercise: I. Fill in
35、 the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ the film. I _ it last week. _ he _ his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ back from work. He is tired now. Where?s Li Ming ? He _ to the teacher?s office. I _ here since I _ here in 1999. So far I _ quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the
36、 Wangs _ here ? For two weeks. I _ just _ my homework. . He _ to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ your science book yet? 11. If it _ fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ the tree. 14. My mother _ to see me next Sunday. 15. Iv
37、e lost my pen. _ you _ it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw2. Has, finished3. has, come4. has gone5. have worked, moved6. have made7. have, stayed8. have, finished. goes10. have, found11. is12. were reading13. is climbing14. is coming15. Have, seen II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?
38、 A. come B. got C. arrived . My grandpa died _. D. been 3 A. at the age of my B. for years C. when I was. D. my age was. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to
39、the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buyC. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. ha
40、ve made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Ha
