1、（1）-名词名词1.1名词复数的规则变化 1.2其它名词复数的规则变化 1.3名词复数的不规则变化 1.4不可数名词量的表示 1.5定语名词的复数 1.6不同国家的人的单复数 1.7名词的格1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies1
2、.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs sa
3、fe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式
4、也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three yuan，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本
5、身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the
6、United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses;
7、two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：
8、Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。1.5 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks tab
9、le 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk
10、十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the
11、 Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中
12、有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5
13、） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence英语语法专项习题1-名词单项选择( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We ne
14、ed some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A.
15、 leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9 He gave u
16、s_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 10 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news( ) 11 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a( ) 12 -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of o
17、range B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 13 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )14 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some t
18、ime( ) 15 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( )16 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 17 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 18 John bought_for himsel
19、f yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( )19 -How many _ have you got on your farm? -Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 20 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 21 In the
20、picture there are many_ and two _. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( )22 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American( )23 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 24 -What would you like
21、 to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 25 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room( ) 26 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 27 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片)
22、 films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 28 I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works( ) 29 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 30 _ Chinese people are _ hard worki
23、ng people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 31 How many were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples( )32 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 33 Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. pie
24、ce D. block( ) 34 There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair( ) 35 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 36 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women d
25、rivers( ) 37 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor( ) 38 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 39 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. wat
26、ch shop B. watches shop , C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 40 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( )41 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( )42 Ive fo
27、rgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number( )43. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 44 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teacher
28、s; mine( ) 45 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms( ) 46 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 47 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys( ) 48 He we
29、nt to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( ) 49 Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister( ) 50 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years(
30、) 51 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( ) 52 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 53 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the
31、 world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds( ) 54 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 55 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 56 The workers are r
32、epairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house( ) 57 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 58 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him( ) 59 The post card is sent by _.A. a frien
33、d of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends( ) 60 Sydney is a city of_.A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan( ) 61 My father likes buying us _.A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents( ) 62 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C
34、. middle name D. given name( ) 63 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new_.A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital( ) 64 My father is a_. He works in a hospital.A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier( ) 65 -Which animal lives only in China? -The_.A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant( ) 66 Apri
35、l come before_and after_.A. March; May B. May; MarchC. June; May D. March; February( ) 67 Which of the following is right?A. China has a large population. B. China has much population.C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.( ) 68 Please do like this. Fold the paper_ a
36、nd cut along the fold.A. into pieces B. in half C. on halves D. to half( ) 69 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another_?A. one B. game C. programme D. piece( ) 70._ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of ; women B. A numb
37、er of ; womanC. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman( )71.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 72. We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once.A.information B.advice C.idea D.news( ) 73. We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. mu
38、ch too C. too much D. many too( ) 74. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( )75. What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨栏）. A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters总复习-代词考点扫描： 代词是代替名词和名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词，按照其不同的含义与作用分为九类：人称代
39、词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词。约占中考试题的10%左右，主要考查人称代词的用法，物主代词的用法，反身代词的用法，引导定语从句的关系代词的用法，特殊疑问代词的用法及几组常见代词的用法。知识要点概括：一人称代词：（人称代词有人称、数、格的变化） 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一 （You, she
40、/ he and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike.注：人称代词的特殊用法(1). 在but 、except 、than 、as 和动词be之后，人称代词可用主格，亦可用宾格（口语常用宾格）。E.g. Im thinner than she /her .(2). It 指无生命的东西，天气、时间、距离、形式主语、形式宾语。(3). 指代不明确的人，说话者不清楚或没有必要知道说话对象的性别时，用it代替。 e.g. Its a lovely baby . Is it a boy or a girl ?二.物主代词. (表示所有关系的代词)第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/her
