1、高中英语情态动词练习题及解析一、单项选择情态动词1I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.AmustntBneedntCwouldntDshouldnt【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六周日不必早起。A. mustnt不能,禁止;B. neednt不必;C. wouldnt不会;D. shouldnt不应该。此处表示“不必”,故B项正确。2Well make the final decision on our scheme. _ you change your m
2、ind, please inform us as soon as possible.AShouldBWereCWouldDHad【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用should+动词原形,省略if,should提前,陈述句是:If you should change your mind。故选A。【点睛】虚拟语气中的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,移至句首:1)If he should f
3、ail, he would kill himself.Should he fail, he would kill himself.万一失败,他就会自杀。2)If I were you, I would do it at once.Were I you, I would do it at once.假若我是你,我就会马上做。要是我能做此事,我一定会做。3)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it
4、.他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词,有一种特殊的用法:在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,可以把should放在句首,即主语前,从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为:If you should change your mind。故选A。3_ you disturb me now? Im busy preparing a report. Terribly sorry, but I have something urgent to tell you.ANeedBShouldCMightDMust【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态
5、动词特殊用法。句意:你非要现在打扰我吗?我正在准备一份报告。真对不起,但是我怕有紧急事情告诉你。A. Need需要;B. Should 应该;C. Might也许;D. Must必须;一定;偏偏,非得;根据语境可知must表示“偏偏,非得”符合上下文语境,用来指责对方。故D项正确。4I dont really like Janes. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wast certain what his plans were.Amust notBneed notCwould notDmight not【答案】D【
6、解析】考察情态动词,题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定,might not。5You rang me up at about 10:00 last night, didnt you?No, I didnt phone you. It someone else.Amust have beenBcould beCmust beDcould have been【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:“昨晚10点左右你给我打了电话,是吗?”“不,我没给你打电话。一定是别人干的。” musthavedone是对过去发生的动作最有把
7、握的猜测,意思是“一定”,结合语境可知,我没有打电话给你,因此猜测一定有别人给你打了电话 。故选A项。6Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.Ashould have doneBneed have doneCwould have doneDmust have done【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:坦率地说,我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备
8、做这件事,这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事,而实际上没有做某事;B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做;C. would have done虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”;D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知,本句表示对过去事情的假设。故选C项。7My sister met him in the street yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.Ashouldnt have a
9、ttendedBcouldnt have attendedCmustnt have attendedDneednt have attended【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词用法。Shouldnt have done本不应该做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气);couldnt have done不可能做某事(对过去情况的推测);neednt have done本不需要做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气);句意:我的姐姐昨天下午在街上遇见了他,所以他不可能去听了你的演讲。故B正确。考点:考查情态动词用法点评:考本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。
10、should have done 本应该做而实际未做。cant have done 过去不可能做了某事;shouldnt have done 本不应该做而实际做了。 need have done 本有必要做某事;neednt have done 本没有必要做某事;注意没有 mustnt have done的形式。8-Mary knows the city quite well.-She_ well have been there before.AneedBcouldCshouldDmay【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:Mary非常了解这个城市。她肯定以前在那里呆过。m
11、ay have done过去可能做过某事。表示对过去的肯定猜测。need have done本需要做某事却没做;could have done本可以做某事却没做;should have done本应该做某事却没做。故选D。9It has been announced that all the students _ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.AshallBwillCneedDmay【答案】A【解析】【详解】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:所有学生们应在去学校之前带上口罩以
12、防感染非典病毒,这已经被宣布。shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁,故选A项。10Students _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation.AwouldBshallCwillDcould【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:学生们必须呆在自己的座位上,直到所有的试卷都被收回。根据句意,“学生们呆在自己的座位上”是一项规定。shall 可表示某种规定或义务,用于第二、三人称的句子中。而其他情态动词无此用法。故正确
13、答案为B。11_ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here.Thank you, sir. Actually I do have my seat here. But my baby likes to look out of the window.AWouldBShallCMustDMay【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:那位抱小孩的女士,要不来这边吧?这儿有个座位。谢谢,实际上我有座位的,只是我的孩子喜欢看窗外。would表示婉转的请求,征求对方的意见,Shall提问一般只用于第一人称,我们常说Shall I.或者
14、 Shall we;may表示请求对方允许。故选A。【点睛】would的用法1.would 最常见的用法是:相对于一个过去时间点的后来“将要”做什么,比如:He said he would meet me at the station. 他说他会在车站接我的。这句中的 would meet 是相对于 said (过去说)之后要做的事情。又如:She thought she would have to ask someone for help. 她当时想,她得找个人帮忙。12Lack of sleep _ lead to weakened immunity and memory, and als
15、o slow physical growth.AshallBmustCshouldDcan【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:睡眠不足会导致免疫力和记忆力下降,还会减缓身体发育。A. shall将;B. must必须;C. should应该;D. can会,表示理论上或是逻辑判断上,用can,故选D。13he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _ be above it.AshallBmustCmayDneed【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人
16、称,则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must(必须,一定)用于肯定句。C. may(可以,能够)表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要) 需要;故选A。14The room is so clean. He _ have cleaned it yesterday evening.AwillBneedCcanDmust【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:房间如此干净,他一定是昨天晚上打扫过了。must have done表示对过去发生的事情有把握的猜测,意思是“一定(做过)”,故D项正确。15He is a bad-tempered
17、fellow, but he _ be quite charming when he wishes.AshallBshouldCcanDmust【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:他是个脾气不好的家伙,但当他希望自己有魅力的时候,他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”,故C项正确。16Mr. Baker, some students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?AMayBShouldCShallDWill【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查Shall的用法。句意:贝克先生,有些学生想见你。他们是在这里等还是在外面等?Sha
18、ll用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。故选C。【点睛】Shall的用法Shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称和We,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态。Shall后面接动词原形。例如:(1)I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事,然后告诉你我的想法。(2)We shall have a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。常考的特殊用法1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:What shall we do this evening?2. Sh
19、all用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:Shall we begin our lesson?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)He shall be punished. (威胁)17The weather turned out to be f
20、ine. I _ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.Ashould have takenBmust have takenCcouldnt have takenDneednt have taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词 + have done。句意:天气转晴了。我本不必费心把伞带在身边。A. should have taken本应该做某事,而实际上没做; B. must have taken对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测;C. couldnt have taken不可能;D. neednt have taken本来不需要,故选D。18
21、Peter searched all the places where he_have left her iPad but it was all in vain.AmightBwouldCmustDshould【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:彼得找遍了所有他可能放她的iPad的地方,但都没有找到。A. might可能;B. would将会;C. must必须,一定;D. should应该。might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故选A。19(2018北京) In todays information age, t
22、he loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.Aneed BshouldCcan Dmust【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。20What do
23、es the sign over there read?“No person_smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”AwillBmayCshallDmust【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:-那边的牌子上写的是什么?-任何人不得在本地区吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。A. will表示现在的意志、愿望等,意为要,希望; B. may表示许可,或用于请求许可,意为可,可以;C. shall在陈述句中用于第二人称或第三人称,表示说话者的意志、命令、约定、决心、警告、威胁、预言等,意为必须,应该
24、,要,得,给; D. must意为必须, 要,应当。 分析句意可知,词句表示任何都不准在这个区域吸烟或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。故选C项。21What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them.Adont have toBoughtnt toCmustntDcant【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你认为我们能为年迈的父母做些什么?除了和他们在一起,你不必做任何事情。A. dont have to不必;B. oughtnt to不应该;C. must
25、nt不可以;D. cant不能。根据语境可知,此处表示客观性的必须,dont have toexcept to“除了不必做”。故选A。【点睛】have to表示客观需求时,使用have to的情况要比must多。have to受客观条件或环境迫使而“不得不”做某事,突出客观性。must一般则表示命令或说话人主观认为必须要做某事,含强调语气,侧重主观性。有时候也使用be+不定式表示需要做某事,但语气较弱一些。如:I am to do it, whether I like it or not.must表示客观性的需要时,一般翻译为“总是要(会)”。如:All men must die. 人故有一死
26、。ought to表示必须时,偏责任,推想等。如:You ought to work hard.22Peter, you delivered a wonderful speech today.Thanks, but I think I _ more attention to my stage manners during that time.Amust payBshould payCmust have paidDshould have paid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:-彼得,你今天的演讲很精彩。-谢谢,但我认为在那段时间我应该多注意我的舞台礼仪。sho
27、uld have done表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做某事。由“but”可知,我那段时间本应该多注意我的舞台礼仪,而实际上并没有注意。故选D项。23He _ his stay in France, didnt he? He looks amazingly different.Awill have enjoyedBshould have enjoyedCcan have enjoyedDmust have enjoyed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:他在法国一定过得很愉快,是吗?他看起来很不一样。must have done一定做某事。表示对过去事情的较有把
28、握的推测。由“ He looks amazingly different.”可知,他在法国一定过得很愉快。所以这是对过去事情的较有把握的推测。故选D项。24-Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.-Well, you_know-you married one.AmightBwouldCshallDshould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。A. might可能,也许;B. would将会;C. shall必须,会;D. should应该。句意:-有艺术修养的人有时很难相处。-你应当知道这一点,因为你结婚那位就是搞艺术的。
29、这里是按照常理推断,用should。25I _my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.Ashould passBcould have passedChad passedDmust have passed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意为:我本来能够轻松地通过这次考试的,但是我犯了太多愚蠢的错误。结合语境可知,此处考查虚拟语气,且与过去的事实相反,应用could/would/might have done的结构,could have passed本能通过(事实上未通过),故选B项。【
30、点睛】本题考查情态动词的过去式+have done的虚拟语气的用法,常见结构有should/shouldnt have done; could/couldnt have done/ would/wouldnt have done/ need/ neednt have done/ might have done例如:Without your help, I couldnt have passed the test.如果没有你的帮助,我本不能通过测试。It cleared up, I neednt have brought the umbrella.天放晴了,我本没有必要带伞的。26Where i
31、s my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.You_it in the wrong place.Amust putBshould have putCmight putDmight have put【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我的词典在哪里?我记得昨天放在这里了。你或许放错了地方。“might have +动词+ed形式”表示过去可能完成的动作。根据所提供的情景Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.可判断出把词典放在某个地方发生在过去,所以要
32、用“might have +动词+ed形式”。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”,是肯定的推测,与所提供的情景的矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。故选D。27I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.It true because there was little snow there.Amay be notBwont beCcouldnt beDmustnt be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我听说他们去年冬天去山里滑雪。-不可能是真的
33、,因为那里几乎没有雪。A. may be not可能不;B. wont be 不会;C. couldnt be不可能是; D. mustnt be禁止。根据because there was little snow there.可知这里是否定推测,couldnt be“不可能是”符合句意,故选C项。28You _ be right but Im going back to check anyway.AshouldBmustCneedDmight【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你或许是对的,但我还是要回去核对一下。A. should应该;B. must一定,必须;C. need需要
34、;D. might或许。本题主要考查情态动词表示推测的用法,由Im going back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】can / could用于表推测的用法(1)从使用句型上看,can通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could比 can更委婉,更不确定。(2)从时间关系看,对现在或将来情况作推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况作推测,后接be doing结构;对过去情况作推测,后接动词完成式。二、may / might用于表推测的用法表示推测,两者都可
35、用,只是might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。如本题,根据Im going back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。(1)在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。三、must表示推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动词原形;表示对过去情况的推测,接动词完成式。29Mr
36、. Smith is almost on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the meeting?AcanBshouldCmayDmust【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:史密斯先生几乎任何事情都是准时的。他怎么可能开会迟到了? A. can可能,可能性,表示可能性时,常用于否定句和疑问句中,且有时还带有“惊奇、不相信” 等感情色彩。B. should 应该; C. may也许,表示可能性时常用于肯定句中,不用于疑问句中。D.must常用于肯定句中表推测,“一定”的意思;本题是强调句型的一个变式:强调其
37、特殊疑问句how的形式。根据前句“斯密斯先生几乎是很准时”可推测出“怎么可能开会迟到呢?”。根据句意可知,用于疑问句中的“可能性”且有不相信的色彩,四个选项只有“can”符合题意。故选A【点睛】情态动词就是表示说话者对事情的一种看法,也就是一种语气。情态动词的用法一直是命题者常设置的考点和重点,平时要加强记忆。30Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You_ have made full preparations.AmustBcanCwouldDshould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have
38、done结构。句意:对不起,妈妈,我面试又失败了。噢,那太糟糕了,你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须;B.can可以;C.would将会;D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气,can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”;could+have+done,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做;must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句;should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做”。故选D【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表
39、示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。31- Difficulties always go with me!- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you.AmustBwouldCcouldDcan【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:困难总是伴随着我!
40、高兴点! 如果上帝在你面前关上了门,一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A. must必须;B. would将要;C. could能,会;D. can能,会。must表示对现在的状态推测时,意为“一定”,表示可能性很大的推测。符合语境。故选A。【点睛】1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接完成进行式。5) 否定推测用cant。本句中的。mus
41、t表示对现在的状态推测时,意为一定,表示可能性很大的推测。符合第2点用法。32While it wasnt the goal of the trip, I was rewarded with fresh insights, ones that _ to me during the regular course of business.Amight never happenBcould never have happenedCshould not happenDneednt have happened【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:虽然这并不是这次旅行的目的,但我得到了一些新的领悟
42、,那些领悟在我的日常生活中是本不可能发生的。此处考查虚拟语气,“我得到新的领悟”发生在过去,故此处是与过去事实相反,应用could/might/would/need/should+have done,“本不可能发生”是could never have happened,故选B项。【点睛】本题考查“情态动词+have done”的虚拟语气,其常用表达有:could have done本能做某事而未做 couldnt have done不可能做了某事should have done本应该做某事而未做 shouldnt have done本不应该做某事而做了would have done本会某事而未
43、做 wouldnt have done本不会做某事而做了need have done本需要做某事而未做 neednt have done本不必要做某事而做了33- Did Jim come?- I dont know. He _ while I was out.Amight have comeBmight comeCmust have comeDshould have come【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词推测用法。句意:Jim来了吗?-我不知道,在我不在的时候,可能来过。根据前文I dont know.可知,说话者不知道Jim来没来,因此后文推测来过,但是语气很不确定,故可知选A。对
44、过去情况的推测 为情态动词+have done,must have done 一定做了某事,should have done 应该来过,不符合,故选A。【点睛】情态动词+have+过去分词的用法,表示推测或判断过去的情况。can/could+have+过去分词用法:多用于否定句和疑问句中。表示对过去某事发生的可能性的否定或质疑,意为:不可能(已经).了-(否定句)/可能(已经).了嘛?-(疑问句)用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有轻微的责备,意为:本来可以.的(但实际上没有.)。You could have done better, but you were too careles
45、s.(肯定句。他能做得更好的)should/ought to+have+过去分词用法:用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有责备的意思,意为:本来应该.的(但实际上没有.)。用于否定句中-表示对过去已经做了某事的责备,意为:本来不应该.的(但实际上已经.了)。He should have been asleep.(肯定句,他本应去睡觉的)He shouldnt have been asleep.(否定句,他本来不应该去睡觉的)。may/might+have+过去分词用法:用于肯定句和否定句中,表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测,意为:或许(已经)./或许还没有.。It is too late. He may have gone to bed.must+have+过去分词用法:表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must表示推测时,不能用在否定句和疑问句中。I must have forgotten to tell you.(must 的引入,表