1、大学英语词汇学练习题1. Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired _B_. A. associations B. referenceC. concepts D. motivation2. Reference is the relationship between language and _A_. A. the world B. the contextC. the sense D. the concept3. A concept is universal to all men
2、alike regardless of _D_. A. culture B. raceC. language D. all the above 4. Meaning and concept are _C_. A. unrelated B. identicalC. connected D. same5. Unlike reference, “sense” denotes the relationships _A_. A. inside the language B. outside the languageC. between the language D. between symbols an
3、d things6. Every word that has meaning has sense, but not every word has _D_. A. Meaning B. sense C. concept D. reference 7. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is _C_. A. logical B. connected C. arbitrary D. consistent8. _B_ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol a
4、nd its meaning. A. Concept B. Motivation C. Reference D. Sense9. Most words can be said to be _A_. A. non-motivated B. relatedC. Motivated D. logical10.Echoic words such as bleat, croak, neigh, hiss and the like are largely _A_. A. motivated B. arbitrary C. logical D. connected11.The word “hopeless”
5、 with the meaning of “without hope” is a _B_ motivated word. A. semantically B. morphologicallyC. phonetically D. historically 12.Lexical meaning and _A_ meaning make up the word-meaning. A. Grammatical B. conceptualC. semantic D. associative13. Conceptual meaning is also known as _D_ meaning. A. co
6、nnotative B. collocativeC. affective D. denotative14. Associative meaning comprises several types except _C_. A. stylistic meaning B. affective meaningC. conceptual meaning D. collocative meaning15. The word “tiny” is _D_. A. poetic B. formal C. dialectal D. colloquial 1. Although reference is a kin
7、d of abstraction, yet with the help of _, it can refer to something specific. context2. By means of _, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about. reference3. Concept, which is beyond _, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. lan
8、guage4. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of _ relationships with other expressions in the language. semantic5. Semantic motivation explains the connection between the _ sense and figurative sense of the word. literal6. Lexical meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning
9、and _ meaning. associative7. The same word may have different _ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing”. grammatical8. _B_ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. A. Concept B. Motivation C. Reference D. Sense9. Most words can be said to be _A_. A. non-mo
10、tivated B. related C. motivated D. logical 10.Echoic words such as bleat, croak, neigh, hiss and the like are largely _B_. A. Motivated B. arbitrary C. logical D. connected11.The word “hopeless” with the meaning of “without hope” is a _B_ motivated word. A. semantically B. morphologicallyC. phonetic
11、ally D. historically12.Lexical meaning and _A_ meaning make up the word-meaning. A. Grammatical B. conceptualC. semantic D. associative13.Conceptual meaning is also known as _D_ meaning. A. connotative B. collocativeC. affective D. denotative14.Associative meaning comprises several types except _C_.
12、 A. stylistic meaning B. affective meaningC. conceptual meaning D. collocative meaning8. _ meaning is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and so on. Connotative9. The word “famous” is appreciative, but the word “notorious” is _. pejorative10. The words “swimming-po
13、ol” and “airmail” are _ motivated words. morphologically1. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual context. T 2. Functional words have little lexical meaning than content words. T3. The same word has the same associative meaning to all the speakers of the same
14、language4. The word “horse” is neutral, but the word “nag” is formal.5. Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude toward the person or thing in question. T 6. In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are brought out in context. T 7. There are few words which have b
15、oth the same conceptual meaning and the stylistic meaning. T 8. Associative meaning, which is fixed, differs from the conceptual meaning. 9. The word “mouth” in “the mouth of a river” is an etymologically motivated word.10. Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and their meanings are
16、 the sum total of the morphemes combined. 11. Meaning and concept are related indirectly to referents. 12. When a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent, the sign becomes meaningful. T1. What is reference? What are the characteristics of reference?Reference refers
17、 to the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including persons) are being talked about. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Reference is a kind of abstraction, but with th
18、e help of context, it can refer to something specific. 2. What is motivation? How is it classified? 1) Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. 2) Motivation is classified into onomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and ety
19、mological motivation.3. What is grammatical meaning? Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of ver
20、bs and their reflectional forms. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual context. Different lexical items may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have different grammatical meanings.4. What is the difference between conceptua
21、l meaning and associative meaning? Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same
22、 language. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate.5. What is collocative meaning? Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In ot
23、her words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. Collocative meaning overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocation.V. Analyze and comment on the
24、 following.1. The pen is mightier than the sword.What kind of motivation is used in the above sentence? What is the definition of that motivation? What do “pen” and “sword” mean? 1) Semantic motivation is used in the sentence.2) Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the
25、conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.3) “Pen” and “sword” are two semantically motivated words. Their literal meanings are “a tool for writing or drawing with ink” and “a weapon with a handle and a long metal blade” respe
26、ctively, but their figurative meanings are “writing” and “war” respectively.2. After casting a stone at the cops, they absconded with the loot.Are all the words used in the above sentence appropriate? If not, explain the reasons and improve the sentence. 1) Structurally, the sentence with a gerund s
27、tructure is very formal, but the words “cops” and “loot” used in the sentence are all slang/slangy words, and they are not consistent with the gerund structure.2) The slang/slangy words “cops” and “loot” should be replaced by “police” and “money” respectively. The revised sentence “After casing a st
28、one at the police, they absconded with the money” is appropriate in style.3. Women are flowers; women are tigers.Explain the grammatical, conceptual and connotative meaning of the word “women” which appears twice in the above sentence. 1) The word “women” in the first part of the sentence and the on
29、e in the second have the same grammatical and conceptual meanings. Their grammatical meanings are: plural nouns and subjects; their conceptual meaning is: female adult.2) The connotative meaning of the word “women” in the first part is “beautiful”, or “lovely”, and that of the word “women” in the se
30、cond part is “fierce” or “malicious”.1. The first meaning of a word is called the _C_ meaning. A. stylistic B. affectiveC. primary D. associative2. _B_ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because many words have more than one meaning. A. Hyponymy B. PolysemyC. Homonymy D. Synonymy3
31、. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word is usually dealt with from _A_ different angles. A. two B. threeC. four D. five4. The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _D_ meaning. A. first B. primaryC. derived D. central5. Of the three types of h
32、omonyms, _A_ constitute the largest number and are most common. A. homophones B. perfect homonymsC. homographs D. homophones and homographs6. Homographs are words identical only in _B_ but different in two other aspects. A. sound B. spellingC. meaning D. sense7. Perfect homonyms and polysemants are
33、_C_ with regard to spelling and pronunciation. A. fully different B. slightly differentC. fully identical D. slightly identical8. Relative synonyms are similar or nearly the same in _D_. A. connotative meaning B. stylistic meaningC. affective meaning D. conceptual meaning9. The most important source
34、 of synonyms is perhaps _D_. A. coincidence with idiomatic expressionsB. figurative and euphemistic use of wordsC. dialects and regional EnglishD. borrowing10. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas except _A_. A. word-class B. connotationC. application D. denotation11. Antonyms c
35、an be defined as words which are _C_ in meaning. A. different B. identicalC. opposite D. similar12. Antonyms can be classified into the following types except _B_. A. relative terms B. absolute termsC. contradictory terms D. contrary terms 13._C_ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. A.
36、 Homonymy B. SynonymyC. Hyponymy D. Polysemy14. The status of words either as superordinate or subordinate is _B_ to other terms. A. stable B. relativeC. absolute D. fixed15. All of the following are the sources of homonyms except _D_. A. change in sound B. shorteningC. borrowing D. extension1. Syno
37、nyms share a likeness in _ as well as in part of speech. denotation 2. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups: absolute synonyms and _ synonyms. relative3. Based on the degree of _, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. similarity4. Radiation is a s
38、emantic process in which each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the _ meaning. primary5. Synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain _ period of time. historical6. Absolute synonyms also known as complete synonyms are words w
39、hich are _ in meaning in all its aspects. identical 7. Synonyms may differ in the range and _ of meaning. intensity8. Antonymy is concerned with _ opposition. semantic9. Antonyms have various practical uses and have long proved helpful and valuable in defining the _ of words. meanings10. The meaning
40、 of a more _word is included in that of another more general word. Specific 1. The words “tulip” and “rose” are hyponyms of “flower”. T2. A word which has more than one meaning can have one antonym. 3. One of the features of the contradictory terms is that such antonyms are gradable. 4. Synonyms for
41、m different collocations and fit into different sentence patterns. T5. By connotation we mean the stylistic and conceptual meaning of words. 6. The words “small” and “tiny” are absolute synonyms. 7. Homonyms are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning. 8. One of the sourc
42、es of homonyms is extension.9. Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains. T10. Diachronically, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word. TIV. Answer the foll
43、owing questions.1. What is the difference between radiation and concatenation? Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.2. What
44、 is the main difference between homonyms and polysemants? The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to different words which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings.V. A
45、nalyze and comment on the following.1. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would come to our university next Monday. 1) In the first sentence, “man”, “school”, and “week” are all superordinates while “visiting scholar”, “university”, and “Monday” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.2) The second senten
