1、名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从
2、句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词
3、义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从
4、句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is sugge
5、sted (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never thin
6、k (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops
7、 (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs hel
8、p a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depen
9、ds on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, w
10、ould除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在
11、句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reaso
12、n why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.
13、 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能
14、省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）2010年高考题1.（10福建35） We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether答案：C考点：宾语从句解析：空格在句中充当宾语2.（10湖南35） Cindy shut the door
15、 heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 答案D考点：考查名词性从句。解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。3.（10天津14）As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 答案： B考点：考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业
16、生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。 主语从句4.（10北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How答案：B考点: 本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。5（10浙江1）How about camping this weekend,
17、just for a change?OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever答案：C考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。6（10浙江9）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether答案：B考点：本题考查主语从句的
18、引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。同位语从句7.（10上海36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. wh
19、y答案：A考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。8. （10湖北74） The news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)答案：that the housing price will fall考点：同位语从句解析：用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “housing price”。宾语从句9. （10山东26） Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kid
20、s will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which答案:B考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。10.（10上海37） When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A
21、. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案：B考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。11（10四川14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 答案：B考点：
22、考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”12. （10全国33） We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where 答案：D句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状
23、语，因此选择D。13. （10湖北31）I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how答案：C考点: 宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。14. （10全国10）Have you finished the book?No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where
24、【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。表语从句15. （10江苏35）I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what选A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where用表语从句。16. （10北京32）Pa
25、rt of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案：B考点:本题考查表语从句。解析：从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。2009年高考题1. (09安徽32) a certain doubt among the people as to the
26、 practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains答案D2(09湖南28) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever答案C 解析 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。3. (09江西33) The fact has wo
27、rried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though答案C 解析 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。4. (09海南24) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever答案C 解析 whoever既作了to的宾语，又作i
28、s in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，any person whothe person who“任何人”、“无论谁”、“的人”。5 (09海南33) One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which答案C 解析 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that名词”，它也只能代替事
29、情不能代替人。6. . (09陕西17) The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever答案D 解析 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D7. (09上海40) As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. h
30、ow答案 B8. (09四川7) News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where答案C 解析 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。9. (09天津7) It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their futur
31、e.A. as B. which C. whether D. that答案D10(09浙江12)Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.WhenB. that C. whether D. what答案B11 (09重庆31) Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where答案A
32、12. (09江苏34)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what答案 D13 (09山东28)The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who答案 A 解
33、析 remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。【三年经典】2011-2013年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：名词性从句22_BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom答案B考点考察名词性从句中的主语从句。解析句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。Theshockingnewsmadmerealize_terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.
34、how C.that D.why答案A考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。解析由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。Thereisclearevidence_themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.what B.if C.how D.that答案D考点考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。解析句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughword
35、smaybetheexactoppositeof_othersactuallyunderstand.A.why B.that C.which D.what答案D考点考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。解析句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。Iamafraidhesmoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis_heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why答案D考点考查表语从句。解析句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whichis.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句
36、根据句意用“why”引导。2011山东卷33Weveofferedherthejob,butIdontknow_shellacceptit.A.where B.what C.whether D.which答案C考点此题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether“是否“，where“哪里“what“什么”，which“哪个“。Thevillagershavealreadyknown_welldoistorebuildthebridge.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which答案C考点考察宾语从句和主语从句。解析村民们已经知道我
37、们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。Itwasneverclear_themanhadntreportedtheaccidentsooner.A.thatB.howC.whenD.why答案A考点考查主语从句。解析句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。Hiswritingissoconfusingthatitsdifficulttomakeout_itisheistryingtoexpress.A.thatB.howC.who D.what答案D考点考查名词性从句。解析
38、句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语makeout引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein_wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A. whyB.howC.whatD.which答案C考点考查名词性从句。解析in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why“为什么”；how“怎么样”；whic
39、h“哪一个”。Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach_toreadfirst.A.whatB.who.howD.why答案C考点考查名词性从句。解析句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，thataimstoteach_toreadfirst.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+todo”结构。Whenthenewscame_thewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.A
40、.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because答案C考点考查同位语从句。解析句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“thewarbrokeout”解释说明thenews的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence_smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where答案C考点考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。解析句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。Idliketostartmyownbusinesst
41、hats_IddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what答案D考点考查名词性从句中的表语从句。解析后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。Itisstillunderdiscussion_theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where答案A考点考查名词性从句。解析stillunderdiscussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetherornot也可以做出正确选择。Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that答案B考点考查宾语从句。解析What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“anewinventioncanbeofwhatuse”。Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious_theproblemitselfis.A. whatB.that
