1、单词1minority n少数；少数民族归纳拓展(1)be in a/the minority是少数派(尤指在投票的两部分人中)；占少数a minority of少数(2)minor adj.(常作定语)较小的；次要的(3)(反)majority用作可数名词时，意思为“多数，大多数；过半数”。常与定冠词the和介词of连用，构成词组the majority of.。the majority of.作主语时，其后的谓语动词单复数取决于of之后的名词。(4)the majority/minority单独作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。例句：A small minority of Brit
2、ish households do not have a car.英国的一小部分家庭没有汽车。People from ethnic minorities often face prejudice and discrimination.来自少数民族的人们常常面临偏见和歧视。Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数。【链接训练】Most nurses are women，but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _.As
3、carcity BminorityCminimumDshortage【解析】句意为：大多数护士是妇女，但在高层医务工作者中，妇女只占少数。be in a minority “是少数派，占少数”。【答案】B2run v(runranrun)控制，管理，经营；(公共汽车、火车等)(沿规定路线)往来行驶；伸展，延伸；融化；(指衣服上的染料或颜色)褪色，扩散归纳拓展(1)well/badly run 经营良好/不好run a hotel/school经营一家旅馆/学校(2)run after追赶某人，追逐某物run across偶然遇见某人或发现某物run into偶遇run out花光，用完例句：H
4、e has no idea how to run a business.他不知道如何管理一个公司。There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.伦敦与布莱顿之间的火车班次很多。Im afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt.很遗憾，你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了。 【链接训练】My money has _.Would you like to give me some?Arun out Bbeen run outCbeen running out Dbeing
5、run out【解析】run out“花光，用完”，不可用于被动语态。【答案】A3fasten v固定某物；系牢，扎牢；盯住；集中注意力于归纳拓展(1)fasten.on/to.把固定到上fasten A and B together把A与B联结在一起fasten on/upon抓住；缠牢；盯住fasten up系住，使连结在一起，把拉链拉好(2)fasten your attention on集中注意力于；认真地考虑fasten your eyes on注视着，盯着例句：As the plane was getting ready to take off，we all fastened (u
6、p) our seat belts.飞机就要起飞了，我们都系好安全带。After the farmer fastened his ox to the tree，he sat down and had a rest.农夫把牛拴到树上后，就坐下休息。The childrens eyes fastened on the stranger.那些小孩子的眼睛紧盯住那个陌生人。【链接训练】The little boy tried to _ his two small boxes together with a piece of rope.Afold BattachCfix Dfasten【解析】句意为：这
7、个小男孩试图用一段绳子将他的两个小盒子紧紧地捆在一起。fold“折叠”；attach“将某物系在另一物上”；fix“固定，修理”。而fasten A and B together with sth.“用把A和B牢牢固定在一起”，符合题意。【答案】D4adjust v适应，使适应；调整，调节；安排；校准归纳拓展(1)adjust to.适应adjust sth./oneself to sth.使某物或某人适应(新环境等)，适应(2)adjustment n调整，校正，适应make adjustments to对进行调整，调节，校正例句：It took a few seconds for her
8、eyes to adjust to the darkness.几秒钟之后她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。She soon adjusted herself to his way of life.她很快地使自己适应了他的生活方式。Weve had to make some adjustments to our original calculations.我们不得不对我们最初的预测进行一些调整。【链接训练】Classrooms of some schools are now equipped with seats that can be _ to the height of a person.Aadopte
9、d BadaptedCadjusted Dtreated【解析】句意为：现在有些学校的教室装了可根据人体身高进行调节的座位。adjust to“适应”，符合题意。【答案】C5furnish v为(房屋或房间)配备家具；供应；装备归纳拓展(1)furnish.with.用装备furnish.to/for为提供be furnished with备有，安装有，陈设有(2)furniture n家具(集合用法，为不可数名词)a piece/an article of furniture一件家具a suite of furniture一套家具例句：Can you tell me how to furni
10、sh a house?你能告诉我如何布置房子吗？The room was furnished with antiques.房间里摆着古董。They were kind enough to furnish food and shelter for the refugees.他们非常好心地为难民提供食宿。They had little furniture.他们几乎没有什么家具。【链接训练】Reading _ the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours.Afurnishes
11、 BinstructsCadmits Dquits【解析】furnish.with.意为“用装备”。句意为：阅读只是用知识材料装备头脑，而思考才能够将我们所读的内容变为自己的。【答案】A短语1in use在使用，在应用中归纳拓展come into use开始被使用make use of sb./sth.利用或使用某人/某物bring.into use启用put.to use使用of useuseful有用的Its no use doing.做没用例句：It is the dictionary that is most in use among Chinese students of Engli
12、sh.词典在学习英语的中国学生中应用最广泛。Take thisits of no use to me any more.把这个拿走吧，它对我没有用了。Its an opportunity to put her medical training to good use.这是将她所受的医学培训很好地付诸实践的机会。Its no use complaining.抱怨是没有用的。【链接训练】Seriously damaged，the bike is no longer _.Afor use Bon useCin use Dout of use【解析】句意为：由于严重受损，这辆自行车不能用了。考查in
13、use在使用，在应用中，是固定短语。【答案】CSuch good use had been_his spare time_his English has improved a lot.Amade of；that Bmade of；asCmade in；that Dfound in；as【解析】空一考查短语make good use of充分利用；空二考查句型such.that“如此以至于”的用法。句意为：他如此充分利用他的业余时间以至于他的英语有了很大的进步。【答案】A2set off归纳拓展(1)动身，出发(2)燃放(烟火、鞭炮等)(3)使爆炸(4)把衬托得美丽(5)使某人开始做例句：The
14、y set off in search of the missing child.他们出发去寻找那个丢失了的孩子。Its a custom for Chinese to set off firecrackers in the Spring Festival.对于中国人来说，春节燃放鞭炮是一种风俗习惯。The slightest movement will set off the device.最轻微的动作就会使这个装置爆炸。The red belt sets off her black dress.那条红色皮带把她的黑色裙装衬托得很美。Whatever you say will set her
15、 off crying now.现在不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。【链接训练】The funny look on the naughty boys face _ laughing.Aset everybody here upBsent everybody here upCset everybody here offDtook everybody here off【解析】set sb. up“使更强壮”；send sb. up“取笑、讽刺某人”；take sb. off“调离；带走”；set sb. off doing sth.“使某人做某事”。根据题意选C。He decided to _ Beij
16、ing to attend the medical conference.Aset off from Bset off forCset off Dset off to【解析】句意为：他决定启程去北京参加医学大会。set off for “启程到某地”。【答案】B.I dont think Ive ever seen anything else so beautiful in my life.我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。句中dont.ever.so beautiful.结构表示最高级的意思。归纳拓展下列结构均表示最高级意义：(2)否定词so.as.(3)as.as ever(5)否定词比较
17、级(than.)最高级例句：He has never spent a more worrying day.他度过了极其忧心忡忡的一天。I dont get up so early as my mother.我没有像妈妈那么早起来。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。John did more work than anyone else.约翰干活最多。Nobody can do the work better than he did.这项工作他做得最好。【链接训练】Its wrong for a s
18、tudent to follow _ his teachers say.Its true.I cant agree _.Awhatever；more Bno matter what；moreCno matter what；much Dwhatever；much【解析】由“I cant agree more.我再同意不过了”，可排除C、D项；又由于no matter what不可作say的宾语，排除B项，选A。【答案】A语法1过去分词作状语(1)过去分词(v.ed)是分词的一种，它表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式，不及物动词的过去分词则只表示完成。过去分词
19、与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且在句子中可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式等状语，分别相当于与之对应的状语从句，但过去分词作伴随方式状语时，则相当于并列复合句。例句：Seriously injured，he had to be taken to hospital.由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。Given more time(If we had been given more time)，we could have done it better.如果给我们的时间多一些，我们本来会做得更好。An old man entered，supported by a girl.一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶
20、下走了进来。注意：过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身就有被动含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。故及物动词的having been done就等于done。例句：Having been praised by the teacher，he works harder than before.Praised by the teacher，he works harder than before.得到老师表扬之后，他比之前更努力学习了。 (2)根据需要，动词ed形式前面也可以加上when，while，until，once，though，although，as long as，so long as，u
21、nless，as if，as though，even if，even though等词。as后不能跟动词ed形式。在before，after，without等词后必须用being done结构形式。例句：Unless invited，I wont attend the gettogether.除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。Before being called，remain where you are.叫你之前，待在原地别动。注意：若过去分词作状语且它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了独立主格结构。例句：The work done，they were all
22、 very tired.当工作做完时，他们都非常疲劳。【链接训练】_ rapidly by the body，sugar provides a quick energy source.ADigested BDigestingCTo digest DHaving digested【解析】句意为：糖提供的能量能被身体迅速消化。动词digest与主语sugar存在动宾关系，故此题用过去分词作状语。【答案】A_ in a recent English speech contest,25 students from Henan Province were sent to Australia for a
23、short visit.AHaving judged the best BJudging the bestCTo be judged the best DJudged the best【解析】judge与主语25 students是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，意为“被认为是”。【答案】D_ the month and the year，the book was put on the bookshelf.ABeing marked BMarked withCMarking with DHaving marked【解析】mark当“作记号于，标明”讲时，为及物动词，由于the book与mark这
24、个动作是被动关系，故用过去分词。【答案】B_ in the right foot，Liu Xiang had to give up his match in the Olympics.AHurting BHurtCTo hurt DTo be hurt【解析】句意为：由于右脚受伤，刘翔不得不放弃奥运会上的比赛。hurt和主句中的主语刘翔构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此这里要用过去分词，故选B。2短语动词(1)短语动词是由动词、介词、副词三者通过一定的结合而组成的，主要有如下几种：动词副词pick out选出来；ring up打电话；give in屈服注意：这类短语动词可分为及物动词性质和不及物动词性
25、质两类。具有及物动词性质的短语动词的宾语如果是名词，该名词可置于动词和副词之间或副词之后；如果是代词，这个代词就只能置于动词和副词之间。例句：They will have to find means to get over the difficulty.他们必须想方设法克服困难。The temperature will go up quickly.温度很快会升高。Tigers would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.如果允许人们随意捕杀老虎，老虎就会灭绝。动词介词agree with同意；adapt t
26、o适应；depend on依靠；bring about使发生；look after照顾注意：这类短语动词均为及物动词性质，其宾语不管是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词之后。例句：I ran into an old friend in the street.我在街上偶遇一个老朋友。She had to look after her sick mother.她不得不照看生病的妈妈。动词副词介词add up to总计为；break away from改掉，脱离掉；catch up with赶上；drop in on顺便来访；get down to开始认真做例句：He got on well with p
27、eople there.他和那儿的人都相处得很好。You should keep away from those bad children.你应该远离那些坏孩子。Dont look down upon him.别看不起他。动词名词介词shake hands with握手；set fire to纵火；take aim at瞄准；take pride in以为自豪；get rid of摆脱掉例句：I caught sight of her just now.刚才我看见她了。He is tired of this kind of life.他厌烦了这种生活。Dont do wrong to inno
28、cent persons.别冤枉无辜的人们。【链接训练】In modern times，people have to learn to _ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.Akeep with Bstay with Cmeet with Dlive with【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在现代，尽管人们过着舒适的生活，但他们不得不学会承受各种压力。live with sth.“忍受，容忍(不愉快的事)”；meet with sth.“经历，体验(不愉快的事)”。A、B两项不是固定短语，它们
29、的意思分别与keep，stay有关。故正确答案为D。With proper measures，the economy in China is beginning to_again.Arise upBhold onCpick upDtake on【解析】考查动词短语。句意为：随着正确措施的实施，中国的经济开始好转。pick up在此意为“好转、改善”。【答案】CAfter studying in a medical college for five years，Jane_her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset out Btook overCtook up Dset up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。本句的意思是：在一所医学院学习了五年之后，简在农村开始行医。set out 后面常跟to do sth.，意为“着手做某事”；此短语也可表示“动身，出发，安排，组织”之意；take over“接管，接替”；take up“从事，开始(做)”；set up“建立，创立”。根据句意可知答案为C。
