1、高一英语必修三 Unit 7 The sea定语从句（基础知识部分）同步导学案 编写时间：2014-02-21班级：_ 姓名：_Learning aims: 1. 关系代词 which/that/who/whom /whose/as引导的定语从句用法 2. 关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句用法 3. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句定语从句 基本概念（一） 含义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句，定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。（二） 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。（三） 关系词 定义：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词1. 分类：
2、根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 关系副词在定语从句中作状语2. 常用的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as3. 常用的关系副词：when, where, why（四） 关系代词的用法关系代词有三个作用：(1)代替先行词即替代作用； （2）连接先行词与定语从句即连词功能（3）在定语从句中做句子成分，即成份功能； This is an old computer 。it works much slower这是一台老式电脑。它工作起来速度较慢This is an old computer w
3、hich that works much slower这是一台工作速度较慢的老电脑。普通代词只起替代作用，如在上例中it替代an old computer ,而关系代词除可以替代an old computer 外，还可以引导定语从句 。（五） 关系代词的具体用法1.who/whom的用法 二者都指人。 Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语 Whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，有时who可以代替whom Who不用于介词后例：I have a friend who likes classical music.（作主语）I went to the movies with Mary,who I thin
4、k you once met.（作宾语，不用于介词后）The boy (whom) you met in the street is my brother.（作宾语，可省略）The person with whom I talked was my teacher.（前面有介词with，因此不能用who）2.whose的用法 一般指人，有时也指物，作定语 指物时“whose+n.=n.+of which” 指人时“whose+n.=n.+of whom”例：Youre the only one whose advice he might listen to.（作advice的定语）Doyouli
5、kethebookwhosecoverisyellow? Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq?Do you know the girl, the father of whom died in Iraq?3.which的用法 （1）一般指物 （2）作主语、宾语，偶尔作定语 （3）在非限定性从句中作宾语时可省略 （4）which在指人时，往往指婴儿或人的品质，或先行词是指人的集体名词，把它看做一个单数整体例：The sweater which is in the
6、 drawer is out of fashion.（作主语）That is the parcel which was sent this morning.（作宾语，不可省略）Is this the dictionary (which) you are looking for?（作宾语，可省略）The audience, which was most enthusiastic, applauded the soloist.（集体名词，单数）Where is the baby which needs injection?（指婴儿）He is hardly the man which we tho
7、ught him to be.（指品质）4.that的用法 （1）指人或物（2） 可作主语、宾语或表语（3） 作宾语或表语时可以省略（4） 作介词宾语时，介词不能提到that之前，否则应用which或whom代替例：The man that came here yesterday is a friend of mine.（指人，作主语）The man (that) you met just now is his uncle.（指人，作宾语，可省略）Did you see the letter (that) I put on the table?（指物，作宾语，可省略）The plane tha
8、t has taken off is for Pairs.（指物，作主语）The city that she lives in is very big.（作介词宾语时，介词在后面）5.as的用法 （1）既可指人也可指物，还可指整个句子 （2）在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，指整个句子时可以位于句首、句中或句尾 （3）as引导的定语从句常用省略形式 （4）常出现于固定形式中：the same.as.，such.as.，.as.as.例：Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday.（as与the same连用）Shakespeare is a fa
9、mous writer, as everybody knows.（as代替整个从句，作knows的宾语，位于句尾）As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.（位于句首）Shakespeare, as everybody knows, is a famous writer.（位于句中）6.which和that的区别（1) 用that不用which1) 先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等Is there anything (that) I can
10、 do for you?2) 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.3) 先行词前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等词修饰The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.4) 先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时，用that 不用which，也不用who/whomHe talked about the people and the books that interested him. （2）
11、用which不用that 1） 非限制性定语从句中，充当主语或定语 They have three houses, which are built of stone. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them sad 2） 当关系代词前有介词时 This is the factory in which we once worked. We study in the classroom of which the doors face south. 3） 先行词本身是that时 Whats that which flashe
12、d in the sky just now? 4） 当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. Ive bought you some books which I think may interest you.7.as和which的用法 1）as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 Heishonest,
13、as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。 John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。 ZhangHuahasbeen
14、toParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。 3）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。 Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。 4）在作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只能作动词be的主语H
15、e married again,which/as was natural.He is the best student in our class,which makes his parents very happy. 5) as引导的定语从句常出现下列短语 As we can see As we expected As is well known As may be imagined（正如可以想象的那样） As often happens As has been already pointed out（正如已经指出的那样）（六） 关系副词的具体用法 关系副词引导定语从句在定语从句中，关系副词主
16、要有3个：when, where和why.1）when 在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。I cant forget the night when I came to the farm.翻译：_2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地点的名词 situation, case, condition, point等表示抽象意义的名词。The factory where his f
17、ather works is in the west of the city.翻译：_The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.翻译：_3) why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason.That is the reason why I did so. 翻译：_I dont know the reason why he didnt come to school yesterday.翻译：_【注意】1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when, where 或why;若
18、定语从句中不缺状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或 that引导定语从句。Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.Ill never forget the days _we spent together.Do you know the reason _he failed in the exam this time?The reason _he gave me was reasonable.2) when, where, why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。 when相当于at/
19、in/on/during等+which.The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984.翻译： where相当于at/in/on/等+whichThe house in which he lived is a library now.翻译： why相当于for+which.Is that the reason for which he was absent from class?翻译： 2. 介词+关系代词（which, whom）引导的定语从句1) 介词+which 在定语从句中充当时间，地点，原因状语，相当于when, where
20、, why.(上边已经讲述)2) 介词+which/whom, 关系代词作介词的宾语，这是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。which指物，whom指人。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键, 可根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选择介词。也可根据从句的相关动词来选用。This is the professor from whom I have learnt a lot.翻译： Have you see the pen with which I write my homework.翻译： In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to w
21、hom she could turn for help.翻译： 【注意】在日常英语中通常把介词放在从句的句末，省略关系词which/whomThis is the professor (whom/that) I have learned a lot from.This is the camera (which/that) he often takes photos with.【学法点拨】1）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选取必须遵循“一先；二动；三意义”的原则。即：a.根据先行词的搭配而定；b.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配而定；c.根据整句话的意义而定。2)介词+关系代词引导定语从句
22、时，介词的选择应注意几个问题：a.有的介词时定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，用什么介词由从句的动词决定。He is the boy who / whom I was talking to. =He is the boy to whom I was talking.翻译： b.有的介词是根据句意添加上去的，即用什么介词由先行词决定。He employed 30 men, of whom 12 were from his hometown.翻译： c.定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不拆开。The baby who/whom my sister takes care of is v
23、ery lovely.翻译： 【误区警示】：当定语从句的动词和介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系介词之前。当堂检测1. Well take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.AasBwhichCwhereD.what2. Do you remember a certain occasion _ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you
24、a hand.A. whereB. whichC. whyD. when3. There are moments_ we remember our childhood days with fondness, embarrassment, regret or mixed feelings.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. Where4. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you. A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which5. -
25、How about your job-hunting？ -No luckNow，Ive reached the stage _I dont care what I doA. which Bwhere Cwhen D. that6. More teens are smoking in Beijing, _ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years. A. which B. when C. where D. that7
26、. I can think of many cases _the media have a strong effect on young men.A. why B. where C. as D. which 8. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to doA. thatB. what C. whichD. where9. Judging from his face_ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didnt l
27、ose heart. A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which10.Lisa, I guess wed better fix a navigational（导航仪）to the car_ we can find our way easily.A. which B. that C. from which D. with which11. In English class, our teacher often creates an environment _we are given the opportunity to solve prob
28、lems ourselves.A. when B. which C. where D. that12. A turning point for the continuously high housing price wont appear suddenly because there must be a certain process_ many factors lead to the change.A. which B. what C. where D. that13. We have spotted the location, _we thought is the site of Empe
29、ror Qin Shihuang.A. that B. what C. which D.where14. -When did the young man save you? -January 1st, 2000, the first day of the new century, _I can never forget.A.when B which C.that D.where15. Ive read all the books _you gave me.A. which B. them C. what D. that 16. There isnt much _I can do.A. what
30、 B. which C. that D. how 17. Tell us about the people and the places _are different from ours.A. that B. who C. which D. whom 18. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _I have watched this year.A. which B. what C. whose D. that 19. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _a conference was to be
31、 held.A. which B. that C. when D. where 20.Is this the museum_ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 21.I began to work in Beijing in the year _New China was founded.A. when B. that C. which D. where 22. There is no difficulty _cant be overcome in the world.A. that B. whi
32、ch C. who D. what 23. Who is the person _is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom 书面表达范例背诵 2014-02-211.假设你是李华，你在报上看到北京电视台今年七月将举办外国人“学中文，唱中文歌”才艺大赛。你的美国朋友Peter正在北京一所大学学中文，你觉得他应去试一试。请按以下要点给他写信告知此事，并表示可以提供帮助。比赛时间：7 月18日 。报名时间：截止到6月30日。报名地点：北京电视台注意：1.词数：100左右 2.可适当
33、增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.参考词汇：才艺大赛-talent showDear Peter,I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you
34、 to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you ll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. Yours, Li Hua2.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约
35、。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因；3. 另约时间。注意：1. 词数120150；2. 可适当增加细节。【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I am indeed very sorry that I cant go to Beijing with you next week , which I have promised .I feel sorry for about it and want you to know what happened . Just now ,my cousin , Li Qiong , who left home to Austr
36、alia for his further study last year , informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family . You know , we havent seen each other for nearly a year . I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand me . I would appreciate your
37、 allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing .Once again ,m sorry for any inconvenience caused . Sincerely yours, Li Hua 3.由于废气、污水、白色垃圾等环境污染已危及到人类的健康与生存, 为鼓励大家节能环保,你们学校将举办一次“低碳行动”的环保活动, 假设你是高三6班的一名学生, 将要在这个活动中向全体师生发起“低碳生活”的倡议,以下是倡议的内容：1. 尽量绿色出行：采取步行或自行车方式; 2. 少喝一次瓶装水；3. 尽量不用一次性制品, 如一
38、次性木筷子和塑料袋；4. 每周至少手洗衣服一次；Dear John， I know youre going to set up an English program for middle school students. So Im writing to suggest a program “All-round Guangzhou”. This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Guangzhou. It would be b
39、etter to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it. Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in the program, which will surely arouse other students interest in it. Not only will this program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou so as to introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by the middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Hua
