1、（初升高）高一英语衔接班第7讲阅读理解（二）1一、学习目标：了解高中阅读理解题的特点，掌握应对不同题目的做题技巧，提高阅读能力。二、学习要点：了解阅读理解题型中推理判断题的特点，掌握做题技巧。了解阅读理解题型中猜测词义题的特点，掌握做题技巧。三、课程精讲：（一）重点知识讲解一）阅读理解题的答题步骤 1）先看问题，再读文章。2）细读全文，认真推敲。3）复读全文，验证答案。二）做阅读理解题的注意事项：1）所选有据，避免主观。2）符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案。3）解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。阅读的目的不仅在于读懂原文字面上的意思，还要求在理解原文观点的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意（learn to
2、 read between the lines）。考试大纲要求考生在做此类型题时能作出简单判断和推理、能理解作者的意图和态度。这一能力要求常常通过对文章的推理来考查。这类题要求我们由“已知的”去推断“未知的”，属于一种深层次的理解。上节课我们介绍了前3种类型，下面来看第4，5种类型：4. 推理判断题常见的提问形式有：The purpose of the passage is to It can be inferred from the passage that The author suggests thatThe story implies thatThe writers attitude
3、towards .is The passage is intended to In the authors opinion 答题方法：在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章的结构，根据上下文之间的内在联系，推断文章的深层含义。对于隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、态度、观点、意图等要依据文章的主题思想进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。1）写作意图题。有些文章的作者不点明自己的写作意图，而让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。例：ALBANY, New YorkStudents who rely on working at
4、night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do.A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have
5、 higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who did not study through the night had a grade point average of 3.2 compared to（与比较）2.95 for those who have.The purpose of the passage is to tell us_.A. the bad effects of pulling an all-nighterB. pulling an all-nighter leads to sleep probl
6、emsC. doubts about all-nightersD. all-nighters hurt students grades答案：D2）态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。例：The NBA now has a serious image problem more than any other sport. As its been for years, whites make up a majority (大部分) of the fans; blacks make up a majority of the playe
7、rs.The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But its a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic（种族的）opposite. And its not hard to imagine a time w
8、hen nobody will be interested in crossing over.The authors attitude towards the NBA culture could be described as_.A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. neutral答案：C3）细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而选出符合文章原意结论的一种推断方法。例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had inc
9、reased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty （贫穷）is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay th
10、eir rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed（失业）people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.It can be inferred from the text that_.A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living.B. the m
11、ental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless peopleC. the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homelessD. poverty is one of the main reason for homelessness答案：C4）预测想象题。根据文章内容，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局或后文可能涉及的内容等进行科学、合理的预测。例：Completing a college application ca
12、n take some time. But answering all the questions is not enough. Another important step is taking admissions tests. The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take. Another one is the ACT.Colleges and universities may also require international students to tak
13、e the TOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language).What will the author most probably talk about next?A. SATB. ACTC. FSSD. TOEFL答案：D5. 猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词，许多同学会立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度，进而影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。常见的提问方式有：The word “” in parag
14、raph can be best replaced by The underlined word “” most probably means By saying “”, the author means The expression “” is closest to The underlined part “” (in Para. ) means 根据定义、解释和叙述猜测词义。例：（浙江卷）In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.根据因果关系猜测词义。例：a) Prunin
15、g is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）, or young leaves.b) I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”.A. full of respect B. too confident
16、and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet 答案：B。根据搭配和内在逻辑关系猜测词义。（对比、比较）例：a) Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.b) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?A
17、. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests答案：C。通过构词法猜测词义例：a) Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?b) Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncom
18、mercialized Cornish fishing village.c) Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（二）即学即练1. Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing f
19、oreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces. According the passage, The Pines is a .A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you ca
20、n ask for some special kinds of food 2. Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You cant count how many times youve smacked the machine i
21、f it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.The underlined word “smacked” in the paragraph probably means_.A. clappedB. hitC. kickedD. pushed3. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at lea
22、st fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single?”“Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.” she said, “Would you like to meet her?”The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A. she was young
23、B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him4. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much（三）高
24、考链接A month after the hurricane（飓风）, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high ruins（废墟）, smelly and dirty.Before the trip, I had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate（汽车牌照）. “No charge” she
25、 said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened. 1. The garage employees attitude toward the author was that of _.A. unconcern B. sympathy C. doubt D. tolerance2. What does the underlined word “charge” mean?A. 负责 B. 费用 C.
26、接管 D. 控告3. What can we infer from the passage?A. People are very kind. B. The author has no money.C. People dislike the author. D. The authors house is in good condition.四、下讲预告：下一讲，我们将讲解高考作文的特点，介绍写作方法和技巧。【同步练习】（答题时间：30分钟）ASince my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal
27、of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died. So perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenc
28、ed(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time. I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artis
29、t. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice,
30、 and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follo
31、w my hearts desire.”1. What is the text mainly about?A. Learning to paint in later life. B. How to paint watercolors.C. An artist-turned teacher. D. Life after retirement.2. The author started drawing again in 1995 because_.A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldnt stop missing his fa
32、therC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes3. We can infer from the text that the author_.A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of
33、 seventy4. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable. B. A bit regretful. C. Rather busy. D. Fairly dull.BShopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.C
34、olouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.When some kind of pain kill
35、er was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white packageblue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.The size of a product can attract
36、 a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesnt contain as much as it appears to.It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!The most successful producers know that its not enough to have a good product. The founder o
37、f Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.”1. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?A. The cost of its package. B. The price of
38、 the product.C. The colour of its package. D. The brand name of the product.2. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in Para. 3) means that the colours _.A. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the
39、 customers to lose interest3. Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales?A. The way to promote goods. B. The discovery of a genius.C. The team to produce a good product. D. The brand name used by successful producers.4. Which of the following would be the best title for this text?A. Choice of Good Products B. Disadvantages of ProductsC. Effect of Packaging on Shopping D. Brand Names and Shopping Tricks【试题答案】A篇：14 DBCA B篇：14 CDAC
