1、7.形容词和副词20192019年高考英语语法总复习年高考英语语法总复习 一、基本用法 形容词的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句作定语The research lacks solid evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.作表语Trains are fast and convenient，but rush hours can be terrible.作宾语补足语Life is hard there，and the mountains make communications difficult.作主语补足语The upper clos
2、et was found empty.作主语或宾语(与the或所有格连用)On buses，the young offer their seats to the old，the sick and the disabled.作伴随状语The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.副词的基本用法如下表：句法功能例句作状语修饰动词We used to see each other regularly，but I havent heard from him since last year.修饰形容词Wang Wei can be really
3、 stubborn.修饰其他副词Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well.修饰全句Obviously there is much room for improvement in our work.作表语Michael is abroad.作定语Which is the way out？作宾语补足语I am very glad to see you back.二、形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级：relative，absolute，perfect，entire，senior，gold
4、en，afraid，unique，present，simply，right，wrong，sure，round，empty，wonderful等。1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式 单音节以及少数以ow(如narrow)结尾的双音节形容词或副词，在原级后加er，est构成。如：clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方式例词以e结尾加r和stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾，再加er和esthothotterhottest 多音节和部分双音节
5、形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。activemore activemost active happilymore happilymost happily(2)不规则形式 good/wellbetterbest farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest bad/ill/badlyworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast 2基本用法(1)两者相比(甲乙)，用“as原级as”表示。For cheerleaders，their sport is just
6、 as serious as baseball or football.在同等比较级中，若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：asadj.an.as。I have never had as boring a day as today.(2)两者相比(甲乙)，用“比较级than”表示，(甲乙)用“less原级than”表示。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在实际运用中，than从句常常省略，要通过上下文来理解。Traveling from place to
7、place is now so much cheaper and easier.(4)三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the最高级比较范围”表示。During the 1990s，Michael Jordan was probably the bestknown basketball player in the world.3特殊用法(1)“比较级and比较级”和“more and more原级”表示“越来越”，其反义词组为“less and less原级”。In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more i
8、ndependent.(2)“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate.(3)“more原级than”表示“与其说不如说”。The girl was more frightened than hurt.(4)“more than主语can谓语”表示“非所能；不能”。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Of the two sisters，
9、Mary is the cleverer.有时形容词最高级前不用the，句中的most相当于very，意为“非常；十分”。I am most happy to get your email.4比较级形式表示最高级含义(1)在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义：China is the largest country in Asia.Thats，it is larger than any other country in Asia.(2)never.a形容词比较级单数名词/nothing.形容词比较级。I have never heard a better voice
10、./Nothing is better than the voice.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)_(efficiently)way of reaching target customers.2What was so_ _(impression)about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.3Instead of blaming the
11、child who had broken the vase，she gave him a_(tolerance)smile and let him go.4The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _(blind)5Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said_(sharp)，“Dont be so mean，”pointing a finger of warning at her.6Ray
12、monds parents wanted him to have the_(well)possible education.7Ive been writing this report_(occasion)for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.8His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.9The teacher replied，“You tasted the wat
13、er.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be_(sweet)”10He was very tired after doing this for a whole day，but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_(high)11This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_(nature)course.12We d
14、rank together and talked_(merry)till far into the night.13One of the_(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher，Ms Chen.14Games are often_(excite)and dramatic，but they generally arent very intellectual.15Seated in a comfortable chair，listening to the peaceful music，youll be
15、 brought into a_(relax)state of mind.16“How much is a dish of plain ice cream？”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_(patience)“Thirty five cents”，she said_(rude)答案 1.efficient2.impressive3.tolerant4.blindly5.sharply6.best7.occasionally8.warmly9.sweeter 10
16、higher11.natural12.merrily13.worst14.exciting15.relaxed16.impatient；rudely.翻译句子 1我从未听过比这更让我震惊的事情。_ 2那是个非常感人的故事。_ 3两兄弟中约翰更勇敢些。_ 4你不如你弟弟细心。_ 5广州是中国最大的城市之一。_ 答案 1I havent heard a more surprising thing than this.2It is a most touching story.3John is the braver of the two brothers.4You are less careful than your brother.5Guangzhou is one of the largest cities in China.
