1、专题八定语从句专题八定语从句-2-词汇复习8(根据汉语提示填入以d开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以d开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】No one can deny that with the (发展)of economics in the past decades,the standard of peoples life has been increasing rapidly.However,the quality of air and water is declining,peoples health level is dropping,and some good land has
2、been destroyed/damaged as well.People who take exercise at dawn dare not go out without a defense.They feel it (危险的)to their health,and their feeling of happiness is (减少)a great deal.They demand/desire the government make a (决定)and take measures without (耽误)to improve the present situation which wil
3、l make a great difference.development dangerous decreasing decision delay-3-译文:不可否认,随着数十年经济的发展,人们的生活水平迅速提高。然而,空气和水的质量却在降低,人们的健康水平却在下降,一些好的耕地也被破坏。黎明晨练的人们不戴防护不敢出去。他们感到对健康有危险,他们的幸福感也下降了很多。他们要求政府做出决定并采取措施来改善目前的局面,这将产生巨大的影响。-4-语言表达要流畅,定语从句来帮忙;引导词语确定好,前后关系最重要。1.(2015安徽卷改编)Some experts think reading is the
4、 fundamental skill upon school education depends.答案解析解析关闭考查“介词+which”引导的定语从句。本题的主句是“Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill”,“upon school education depends”是定语从句。在这类从句中,先行词指人时用whom,指物时则用which。在本句中先行词为the fundamental skill,且前面有upon,因此填which。句意:一些专家认为,阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。答案解析关闭which-5-2.(2015重
5、庆卷改编)He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句的引导词。句意:他写了很多本儿童读物,其中将近一半是于20世纪90年代出版的。此处考查“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为books,指物,故填which。答案解析关闭which-6-3.(2015北京卷改编)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,you can hear some lovely music.答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些动
6、听的音乐。分析句意及句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰St.Pauls Church;St.Pauls Church是一个表示地点的名词,且从句中缺少状语,故填where。答案解析关闭where-7-4.(2015湖南卷改编)It is a truly delightful place,looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.答案解析解析关闭考查非限制性定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知,所填词在句中引导非限制性定语从句,并做主语;又因先行词p
7、lace指物,故填which。句意:它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。答案解析关闭which-8-5.(2015江苏卷改编)The number of smokers,is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。分析句子结构可知,is reported位于句子中间且前后有逗号隔开,此处不能填it;结合句意分析,此处应填as,引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,意为“正如,正像”。答案解析关
8、闭as-9-6.(2015浙江卷改编)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:创造一种员工们感觉自己是团队里的一分子的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,空格处所填词引导定语从句,修饰atmosphere;atmosphere是一个表示地点的抽象名词且从句中结构完整,所以填in which或where。答案解析关闭in which/where-10-7.(2015四川卷改编)The books on the desk,covers are shiny,
9、are prizes for us.答案解析解析关闭考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语,修饰covers,意为“的”,故填whose。whose covers也可以表示为the covers of which或of which the covers。句意:桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。答案解析关闭whose-11-8.(2015陕西卷改编)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be abl
10、e to be independent.答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。分析句子可知,he should be able to be independent为定语从句,修饰先行词the time。因为先行词为时间名词,并且从句中不缺主语和表语,所以用关系副词,在从句中做时间状语。故空格处填when。句意:作为家中最小的孩子,阿莱克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。答案解析关闭when-12-一二-13-一二二、考点(一)定语从句只能用that引导的情况:1.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting book that I have ever read
11、.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书。2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。The second foreign country that I expect to visit is Greek.我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊。3.当先行词是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时。He didnt refer to anything that had happened to him these years in his letter.在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情。-14-一二4.当先行词既有人又有物
12、时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?5.当先行词被the only,the every,the right,the same等修饰时。He was the only person that witnessed the accident.他是唯一一个见证这次事故的人。This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的那本好词典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用that。Wh
13、o is the man that is standing there?站在那边的那个人是谁?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的T恤衫是哪一件?-15-一二7.在there be句型中。There are few books in the library that are helpful for my experiment.图书馆里没有对我的实验有帮助的书。(二)定语从句只能用which引导的情况:1.关系代词指物,做介词宾语的时候。China has 56 nationalities,each of which has its own c
14、haracteristics,forming the various and colorful Chinese culture.中国有56个民族,每个民族都有自己的特点,它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。2.关系代词指前面的整个句子,引导非限制性定语从句时。He failed in the exam,which made his father very angry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。-16-一二-17-一二This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.=This is the scientist the
15、name of whom is known all over the country.=This is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。The classroom,whose door is broken,will soon be repaired.=The classroom,the door of which is broken,will soon be repaired.=The classroom,of which the door is broken,will soo
16、n be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。-18-一二(四)关系代词as 的应用范围1.as 和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句,这两个关系代词都指整个主句内容(as 通常译为“正如”),且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.=The moon travels round the earth once every month,as/which is kno
17、wn to everybody.众所周知,月亮每月围绕地球转一周。-19-一二as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为实义动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。The weather turned out to be very good,as was more than we could expect.天气变得非常好了,这超出了我们的预料。It rained hard yesterday,which prevented me from going to the park.昨天雨下得很大,这使我没能去公园。-20-一二2.当先行词被the same,such
18、修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。I bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。This is such an easy math problem as everyone can work out.(比较:This is such an easy math problem that everyone can work it out.)这是一道如此简单的数学题,每个人都能解决。Hell marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他将与他能找到的最漂亮的女孩结婚。注意:当先行词被the same修饰时,that也可引导
19、定语从句,但意义有所不同。the same.as(指同样或同类的),the same.that(指同一个)This is the same pen as I lost.这支钢笔与我丢的那支一样。This is the same pen that I lost.这就是我丢的那支钢笔。-21-一二(五)定语从句关系词的判断方法1.方法一:观察从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.=This is the mou
20、ntain village(which)I visited last year.这是我去年待过的小山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.=Ill never forget the days(which)I spent with you.我永远不会忘记过和你在一起工作的日子。-22-一二2.方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择
21、关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。This museum is the one that you visited a few days ago.这座博物馆是你前几天参观的那个。This is the museum where/in which the exhibition was held.这是在其中举办展览的那座博物馆。-23-一二(六)“介词+关系词”中介词的确定1.根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.(speak of 意为“谈及”,相当于
22、talk of)这不是那本老师在课堂上谈及的那本书。The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.(be/feel proud of 为固定短语,意为“以自豪”。)他们感到自豪的两样东西分别是吉姆的金表和戴拉的头发。-24-一二2.根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.(表示具体的某一天,用介词on)我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。The boy pointed to the directi
23、on in which he would run.(“朝方向”,用介词in)那个男孩指着他要跑去的方向。He came to a farm,on which he finally settled.(“在农场上”,用介词on)他来到了一个农场,并在那里最终定居了下来。-25-一二(七)定语从句的几个特别之处1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。He stood at the window,from where she could see nothing but a blank wal
24、l.他站在窗边,从那里除了一面白墙外他什么也看不到。(from where=from at the window,而不是from the window)I was thrown into a prison from which no one could escape.我被投入了一座监狱中,没人能从那儿逃走。(from which=from the prison)-26-一二2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。The only bridge across the river fell down in the flood,which had been
25、 there for decades.那座在河上存在了数十年的唯一一座桥在洪水中垮塌了。3.抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。当先行词为stage,situation,point,case等词且关系词在从句中做状语,这时用where引导定语从句;occasion 之后用when引导定语从句,the way(表示“方式”)后的定语从句用“that/in which/省去关系词”三种结构引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。-27-一二I can think of
26、 many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay.我能想出许多这样的场合,很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。In the past five years,there have been few occasions when the whole family can get together.在过去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的时候。I dont like the way that he laughed at m
27、e.=I dont like the way in which he laughed at me.=I dont like the way he laughed at me.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。-28-一二4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引导的名词性从句,有时可转换为“先行词+关系词”引导的定语从句。Whoever spits in public will be punished here.=Anyone who spits in public will be punished here.任何在公共场合吐痰的人在这儿都将受到惩罚。The parent
28、s will use what they have to send their son to the best university.=The parents will use all that they have to send their son to the best university.父母们将会倾其所有送他们的孩子去上最好的大学。-29-一二三四一、根据句意,用适当的关系词填空1.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.2.Among
29、 the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.3.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.4.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.5.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I
30、went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.6.Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.where which/that that which when which/that-30-一二三四7.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.8.The president of the World Bank says
31、 he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.9.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.10.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.where which whose where-31-一二三四二、用定语从句完成下列句子1.T
32、his is the best film(我看过的)in the past few years.(see)2.The result must have been disappointing,(从可以看出)the disappointing look on his face.(see)3.Youd better ask your teachers and parents for advice,(通过这种方式)you will make a wiser decision.(means)4.Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile
33、phone(它的功能更加实用).(function)5.This is the reason(他为什么现在离开).(leave)6.Mary Brown moved to a place(靠近大海),so she could go swimming every day.(lie)that I have seen as/which could be seen from by which means whose functions are more practical why he is leaving now which lies near the sea-32-一二三四7.He got him
34、self into a difficult situation(在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).(make a decision)8.Its the same person(我们昨天要找的)yesterday.(find)9.Learning strategies,importance(老师们认为重要的),have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)10.(凡是想展示个人才华的人)can go in for the CCTV programme“Amazing Chinese”.where he must make
35、 a final decision all by himself as we wanted to find to which(the)teachers attach/have attached Anyone who wants to show his personal talent-33-一二三四三、语法填空Hello Kitty,one of the most famous imaginary 1.(character)in the world,greets us everywhere.Since she was born,she 2.(gain)impressive popularitys
36、he is 3.international fashion queen.2014 was the characters 40th birthday.Fans from around the world gathered 4.(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.Hello Kitty was 5.(design)as a character to attract pre-teenage girls.The designers could not 6.(dream)that she would become such a 7.(glob
37、e)star as she is today.characters has gained an cheerfully designed have dreamed global-34-一二三四Helen McCarthy,an author and expert on Japanese cartoons,explained 8.the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness and friendship and fun.Women and girls all over the world are ha
38、ppy 9.(buy)into the image of the trusting,loving childhood represented by Hello Kitty.”And the imaginary character does not only appeal 10.females.There are also Hello Kitty products for boys and men,such as neckties and golf bags.why to buy to-35-一二三四四、短文改错As we all know,everyone have a dream.I hav
39、e dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.Nowadays with modern life go rapidly,many people suffer from different kind of diseases,both mentally and physically.As a result,doctors are in great need at home and abroad.My dream is to become successful doctor,helping to save peoples lives.Although to be a good doctor was very difficult,I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health.To make my dream come true,I have told me over and over again that Ill concentrate more to studies.After all,only by working hardly can one succeed.-36-一二三四
