1、 The Complex Sentences in Junior English:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause(宾语从句宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause(状语从句状语从句)和和 The Attributive Clause(定语从句定语从句)。其它诸如。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。考中没有被列为重点考查范围。Choose the right ans
2、wers(抢答题抢答题)()1.The visitor wants to know_ from Dongguan to Guangzhou.A.how far it is B.how far is it C.how long it is D.how long is it()2.Could you tell me_?A.who you are waiting for B.who were you waiting for C.where you live in()3.Do you still remember_?A.that he said B.what he said C.what did he
3、 say AAB()4.He asked me _ during the summer holiday.A.where had I gone B.where I had gone C.where I had beenC.The Object Clause(宾语从句宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由宾语从句一般由“引导词引导词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其它其它”构成，其语序是构成，其语序是陈述句语序陈述句语序.She said(that she was from TCL 1.that+陈述句的宾语从句陈述句的宾语从句主句的谓语
4、动词是主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。例如例如:He says that_.(他想要和你通话他想要和你通话)Im sorry(that)_ 他现在不在这里他现在不在这里 that本身无意义本身无意义,不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,常被省略常被省略he wants to speak
5、 to you.he isnt here right now.Note:1.宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移：主句是主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡如：我认为鸡不会不会游泳。游泳。I think chickens can not swim.()I dont think chickens can swim.()此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问看从句，如果主句的
6、主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。句要看主句。试比较：试比较：I think he is wrong,_?He thinks he is right,_?isnt hedoesnt heBack2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句一般疑问句的宾语从句 if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。，在一般情况下可以互换。if 多用于口语和非正式文体中多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：如：She asked me if/whether_.我是否能帮助她我
7、是否能帮助她 I dont know if/whether_ 是否将要下雨是否将要下雨用陈述句语序用陈述句语序I could help herit is going to rain.BackNote:只用只用whether的四种情况：的四种情况：2.直接与直接与or not连用时连用时 I dont know whether or not they will come.1.在介词后在介词后 I m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3.Whether+动词不定式动词不定式 Check the prices before you decide wh
8、ether to buy one4.宾语从句提前时只能用宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not,I cant say.Back3.连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和和 连接副词连接副词when,where how,why+特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 的宾语从句的宾语从句 例如例如:Do you know_?谁下午将要来谁下午将要来 Did you hear_?她说过什么吗她说过什么吗 We didnt know _ 她将什么时候回来她将什么时候回来 Who will come this afternoonwhat
9、he saidwhen she would come back.连接代词连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份定的子成份,不能省略不能省略(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(状语状语)二、考点：二、考点：1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词*2.从句中的语序为陈述语序；从句中的语序为陈述语序；*3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应如如:()Id like to know_or not.(2003年中考年中考)A.whether will he come B.whether has he come C.whether he will come
10、D.that he will come C 关于宾语从句的时态对应关于宾语从句的时态对应*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制受主句时态的限制He says that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)He said that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)The teacher told us that the earth _round t
11、he sun.(go)wantswantedgoes 主句主句 从句从句 1、一般现在时、一般现在时 A.过去的某一种时态过去的某一种时态 2、一般过去时、一般过去时 B.根据句意选择时态根据句意选择时态 1995-2005年中考关于宾语从句的考题年中考关于宾语从句的考题1.Can you tell me why _yesterday?(95年年)A.he didnt come B.did he not come C.didnt he come2.He asked_.(96年年)A.why she came B.why did she came C.why she comes3.I want
12、to know _.(97年年)A.what time does the train arrive B.what time will the train arrive C.what time the train will arriveAAC 4.Do you still remember_?(99年年)A.what did he say B.that he said C.what he said5.Excuse me.Could you tell me_?(2001年年)A.where is the zoo B.Where the zoo is C.where the zoo6.We coul
13、dnt find out _,so we gave it to the teacher.(2002年年)A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was C.it was whose pen 7.-Excuse me.Do you know_?-Im sorry.Im new here.(2005年年)A.Where is the nearest bus station B.where the nearest bus station is C.Where the nearest bus station was CBBB 宾语从句小结宾语从句小结1 1、_ _ 引导陈述
14、句。引导陈述句。2 2、_引导特殊疑问句。引导特殊疑问句。3 3、_引导一般疑问句。引导一般疑问句。4 4、宾语从句要用、宾语从句要用_语序。语序。5 5、主句、从句时态要对应。、主句、从句时态要对应。that特殊疑问特殊疑问词词if/whether陈述句陈述句.The Adverbial Clause(状语从句状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。When you get off the bus,you mustnt push others.(时间状语从句时间状语从句)主句主句My mother will come if it d
15、oesnt rain tomorrow.主句主句 (条件状语从句条件状语从句)1.由由when,while,before,after,until,as soon as not.until引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句)1)_,you mustnt push others.当当你下车你下车时时 2)They had already had breakfast _在在他们上学他们上学之前之前When you get off the bus before they went to school3)They talked about the party _ 在在人们离开人们离开后后 after
16、the people left.4)I will wait _.直到直到他来他来为止为止until he comes e.g.She wont go to bed until she finishes her homework.5)Introduced by as soon as (表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一就”。)e.g.My brother went out as soon as I got home.Note:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列 规律确定。规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：主句一般
17、将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.The boy will be a writer when he grows up.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.When the lights are red,the traffic must stop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.I liked reading w
18、hen I was young.B)The Adverbial Clause of Place(地点状语从句地点状语从句)1)Introduced by where e.g.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2)Introduced by wherever e.g.Ill go wherever you go.C)The Adverbial Clause of Manner(方式状语从句方式状语从句)1)Introduced by as e.g.Ill do all the things as you told me.2)Introduc
19、ed by as if/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况，也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.It looks as if its going to rain.He looks as if he were young.3)Introduced by the way e.g.I dont like the way he talks.D)The Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句原因状语从句)1)Introduced by becausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的提问的问句必须用问句必须用b
20、ecause回答，不能用回答，不能用as,since；e.g.-Why didnt he come?-Because he was ill.2)Introduced by sincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然既然”，“鉴于鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life,Mr Smith wanted to give John a chance.3)Introduced by
21、as as语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.As he didnt know the meaning of the word,he looked it up in his dictionary.Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.The oil must be out,for the light went out.E)The Adverbial Clause of Condition(条件状语从句条件状语从句)1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=if not)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时一
22、般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.If he doesnt come on time,we wont know what to know.He must come if he is told.Please let me know if he comes back.Ill go there unless it rains.2)If 条件句的替代形式：条件句的替代形式：（1）祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。其中，其中，and表示句意顺承；表示句
23、意顺承；or表示转折，意为表示转折，意为“否则否则”。e.g.If you work hard,youll pass the exam easily.=Work hard,and youll pass the exam easily.If you dont work hard,youll fall behind others.=Work hard,or youll fall behind others.（2）用介词）用介词with,without的替代形式：的替代形式：e.g.If there is no water,the fish may die.=Fish may die without
24、 water.If you help me,Ill finish my task on time.=With your help,Ill finish my task on time.F)The Adverbial Clause of Concession(让步状语从句让步状语从句)1)Introduced by though/although e.g.Though he tried many times,he failed to work it out.2)Introduced by wh-ever e.g.Whatever he says(=No matter what he says),
25、dont believe him.3)Introduced by even if/even though e.g.Even if he is poor,she loves her husband.(He may be poor,yet she loves him.)即使他穷了，她也仍然爱他。Even though he is poor,she still loves her husband.(He is poor,yet she loves him.)尽管他穷，但她仍然爱他。G)The Adverbial Clause of Result(结果状语从句结果状语从句)1)Introduced b
26、y so thate.g.There are big trees around the house so that it can hardly be seen by passers-by.2)Introduced by sothat/suchthat e.g.He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.He made such a good report that everybody was pleased.H)The Adverbial Clause of Purpose(目的状语从句目的状语从句)1)Introduced by so
27、that e.g.He got up much earlier than usual so that he could catch the first bus.2)Introduced by so that e.g.He explained it so clearly that he wanted everyone of us to understand him better.I)The Adverbial Clause of Comparison(比较状语从句比较状语从句)1)Introduced by asas/not soas;than e.g.This question is not
28、so difficult as I thought.The film is much better than we expected.2)Introduced by The more,the moree.g.The more he heard the song,the less he liked it.状语从句中考题练兵：状语从句中考题练兵：一、单项选择一、单项选择()1.Somebody rang me up just now,but he hung up I could answer the phone.(无锡无锡)A.when B.until C.before D.since()2.Mr
29、 Smith usually reads a newspaper hes waiting for the bus.(徐徐 州州)A.if B.the C.because D.while()3.You must leave here now your mother can get some more rest.(常州常州)A.because B.though C.so that D.so()4.The meeting is important that you mustnt miss it.(盐城盐城)A.very B.such C.so D.too ()5.Im going to the su
30、permarket.-you are there,would you please buy me some vegetables?(镇江镇江)A.If B.Because C.While D.After()6.Do you know what he did all day?(镇江镇江)-He spent as much time playing as he .A.studying B.was studying C.studied D.did studying()7.If Mg in O2,we MgO,and it combination reaction (化学变化化学变化).(泰州泰州)A
31、.will burn,get,calls B.burns,will get,called C.will burn,can get,is calling D.burns,will get,is called()8.he talked with her for a long time,he failed to convince(说服说服)her.(黄冈黄冈)A.Though B.But C.Since D.As 二、同义句改写二、同义句改写1.Wherever he is,he can make himself at home.(广州广州)he is,he can make himself at
32、home.2.Miss Smith left here after the rain stopped.(淮安淮安)Miss Smith leave here the rain stopped.3.If you work hard,you will pass the exam.(盐城盐城),and you will pass the exam.4.Tom was too happy to get to sleep.(大连大连)Tom was happy he couldnt .5.Get off the bus when the driver tells you.（宁夏）（宁夏）Dont get
33、 off the bus you _ _ _.三、根据汉语提示三、根据汉语提示,完成句子完成句子.1.你看的历史书籍越多，你了解的知识就越多。你看的历史书籍越多，你了解的知识就越多。（无锡）（无锡）,the more knowledge youll get.2.他是一个好人，与每个人都相处的很好。（常州）他是一个好人，与每个人都相处的很好。（常州）He is such a kind man .3.山姆一拿到新书就迫不及待地看了起来。（连云港）山姆一拿到新书就迫不及待地看了起来。（连云港）Sam couldnt wait to read the new book .4.尽管学电脑花费许多时间，但
34、我认为学好它还是有用的。（南京）尽管学电脑花费许多时间，但我认为学好它还是有用的。（南京）,I think it useful to learn computer well.5.看起来要下雨了。（甘肃）看起来要下雨了。（甘肃）It looks .The Attributive Clause(定语从句定语从句)在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。This is Tom.Tom gave us a talk yesterday.-This is Tom who(that)gave us a talk y
35、esterday.先行词 定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why 一一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1.who 在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.This is the doctor who came her yesterday.2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.The man(whom)you saw last week has left the town.注意：在
36、从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.a)The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.=The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b)The girl whom he is taking care of is ill.(take
37、 care of是固定词组)3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.He lives in the house whose window faces south.二、二、that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.
38、Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Is this the film(that/which)you talked about last week?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。且不能省略。e.g.The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room.=The house(which)he once lived in is a
39、meeting-room.知识拓展：知识拓展：引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词that和和which，在一般情况下，尽管，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用，而不用which：1.先行词是复合不定代词先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。等时。e.g.She didnt forget anything(that)her mother had told her to buy.2.先行词被序数词或先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。修饰时。e.g.This is the
40、 first textbook(that)I studied in the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.That is the highest building(that)I have ever seen.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same等修饰时。等修饰时。e.g.This is the very novel(that)you want to borrow.5.先行词是或被先行词是或被al
41、l,no,some,any,little,much等修饰等修饰时，时，e.g.Ive written down all(that)the teacher doesnt allow us to do.They havent got any dictionaries(that)we need.6.先行词既包含人又包含物时。先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g.He told us many interesting things and persons(that)we had never heard.7.主句是以主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Who is th
42、e man(that)you spoke to just now?Which is the book that was stolen by him?8.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语 时。时。e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.三、关系副词三、关系副词where,when,why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 （在从句中作状语）（在从句中作状语）1.where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g.Thi
43、s is the village where he was born.c.f.This is the village(that/which)he visited last year.2.when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.c.f.Ill never forget the day(that/which)we spent together.3.why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原
44、因的先行词。e.g.The reason why he didnt come yesterday is quite clear.定语从句专练：定语从句专练：()1.The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A.which B.who C.whom D./()2.This is the most beautiful part I have visited.A.which;ever B.that;never C.which;yet D.that;ever()3.My necklace is not the only thi
45、ng is missing.A.that B.which C.what D./()4.Were talking about Tonny,you met yesterday.A.with who B.whom C.which D.that()5.Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday?A.one B.where C.that D.which()6.The book cover is red is Toms.A.which B.that C./D.whose ()7.The place I grew
46、 up is a beautiful town.A.which B.that C.where D.from which()8.I dont think the number of people this happens is very large.A.who B.to which C.that D.to whom()9.Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?A.before B.which C.when D.as()10.Is that the nov
47、el about they talked in class yesterday?A.which B.that C.who D./宾语从句中考题练兵：宾语从句中考题练兵：一、单项选择一、单项选择()1.I dont think he will come here on time,?(重庆重庆)A.wont he B.will he C.does he D.is he()2.Will you please tell me?(上海上海)A.where Pudong Airport is B.how far Pudong Airport was C.how can we get to Pudong A
48、irport D.when was Pudong Airport built()3.Its not polite to ask people in England.(常州常州)A.how much money you have got B.what the weather is like C.what your city looks like D.how old are you()4.I wonder if he tonight.If he ,Ill let you know.(扬扬州州)A.will come;will come B.comes;comes C.will come;comes
49、 D.comes;will come()5.I cant say I want to see him again.We havent seen each other for nearly three years.(镇江镇江)A.how long B.how soon C.how often D.how much()6.Mr.Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday.(通化通化)A.are going B.was going C.will go D.would going()7.Our geography teacher told us that J
50、apan the east of China.(河北河北)A.is in B.was in C.is to D.was to()8.Nobody knows hell come or not.(辽宁辽宁)A.that B.if C./D.whether 二、按要求改写句子二、按要求改写句子 1.“Do you want to try something new?”Toms mother asked him.(改为复合句改为复合句,句意不变句意不变)(济南济南)Toms mother asked him to try something new.2.Could you tell me the w
