1、定语从句的概念在复合句复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从从句句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先先行词行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词关系词。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（在定语关系代词（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）和关系关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）副词（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。词 形先行词在句
2、中作用关that人或物主,宾语系which物主,宾语who人主,宾语代whom人宾语词Whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语关When(=介词介词+which)时间状语系Where(=介词介词+which)地点状语副how方式状语词Why(=for which)原因状语三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四
3、、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人，也既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near
4、 the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语或宾语（与主语或宾语（与that指人时可替换）指人时可替换），whom只用作宾语宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
5、（作主语，不可省略）She know the nurse(who/whom/that)we met yesterday.他认识我们昨天见到的那位护士。（作宾语，可省略）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词
6、的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exa
7、m.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含
8、有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本
9、书是汤姆的。5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴 五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，
10、在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The app
11、le which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is
12、Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语
13、宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab.You want to talk to him.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in th
14、e lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.This is the boy.I sit behind him.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.The lady stepped on his foot.He was dancing with the lady.The lady(whom)he was dancing with stepped on his foot.Do you know the man?You will visit
15、 him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodd
16、ed is Professor Li.3.当先行词是当先行词是those,she,he,they等代詞時等代詞時,关系代词用关系代词用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.C
17、an you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?3.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介
18、词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machi
19、ne that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is
20、 the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列
21、情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系表语時，关系代词用代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 ye
22、ars ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that
23、(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I h
24、ave ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用which而不用而不用that。(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）（介词提前）Those are many trees under which they ca
25、n have a rest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sisterMy sister,who is twenty,works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在
26、意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whosewho
27、se多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of whichof which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue.cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her
28、 hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.MrMr King,King,whosewhose legs were badly hurt,legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her l
29、egs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,We shall make a decision about Ms King,whosewhose story I have told you.story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her story.herThis teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the students.This teacher
30、 is liked by all the students.I work with her son.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair whose legs are broken isbeing repaired now.The chair,the legs of which are broken,is being repaired now.The boss of the company,The boss of the company,whosewhose name name wa
31、s Mrwas Mr Little,told the story about Ms King.Little,told the story about Ms King.The boss of the company told the story about.His name was Mr Little.HisThe boss in The boss in whosewhose department Mr department Mr King King worked had heard about the accident.worked had heard about the accident.T
32、he boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.his复习定语从句中的关系副词复习定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen,where,whywhenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league.I joined the league.on which
33、wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.in whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was
34、 late.she was late.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.*As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this”or “and that”.译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as 则只能
35、代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且已形成固定，且已形成固定结构。如：结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expected.Etc.eg.Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expect
36、ed.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used go to when I was a child.1.He is the man_ house the pictures are taken.A.whose B.which C.from whose D.that2.He lives in the flat,_he can see_ is happen-ing in the street.A.there/what B.where/something C.from who
37、se window/all that3.That was the most interesting film_I have seen.A.whose B.that C.which D.what4.Ahead of me I saw a woman_I thought was my aunt.A.who B.whom C.from whom D.of whom5.Watch the girl and her dog_are crossing the street.A.who B.which C.that D.they6.He is the very one of the students_ go
38、od at English.A.who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are7.The second book_I want to read is Traveis in China by Rewi Alley.A.which B.that C.what D.as8.He is the same teacher_spoke at the meeting on the opening ceremony.A.as B.whom C.that D.who9.The days_I spent in the countryside in my childhood was the happiest time_I had ever had in my life.D.that/that A.when/when B.when/that C.that/which The End Thank you!
