1、2021北京东城高三一模英 语2021.4本试卷共 10页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.Eight-year-old
2、Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a 1 in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-market. “He helps us to maintain social distancing,” said Roby owner, Sherry Botero. “And people 2 it when we send the do
3、g.” Roby enjoys eating carrots 3 to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food.Roby wasnt always a star. He was accepted into the family 4 by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to 5 a dog.But Ms Botero quickly 6 with the dog. And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he
4、started to accompany her to make deliveries.Roby cant read 7 . But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own.“He knows the names of five or six of our customers,” Ms Botero said, “So I sen
5、d the goods with a receipt in the basket, and my customers 8 me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).”Roby might not know that hes become an 9 worker. But he is happy to help his owner and 10 his daily pay.1. A. bagB. chain C. basketD. stick2. A. respect B. loveC. followD. notice3. A. giftedB. returnedC.
6、lent D. donated4. A. intentionallyB. regretfullyC. immediatelyD. unwillingly5. A. adoptB. trainC. adoreD. walk 6. A. got awayB. kept in touch C. caught upD. fell in love7. A. mindsB. addressesC. numbersD. receipts8. A. treatB. helpC. payD. impress 9. A. essentialB. honest C. optimistic D. adventurou
7、s10. A. spendB. calculateC. collectD. increase 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AComets are among the most beautiful and interesting 11 (sight) in the universe. For centuries, people 12 (show) great interest in studying them. In 1682, Edmund H
8、alley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. Based on his calculations, Halley predicted that this bright comet would return in 1758 or 1759this was about 75 years 13 he first saw the comet. The comet really returned on time and it was named “Halleys Comet” in honor of
9、 Edmund Halley.BEmma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping(急喘) for air, his 14 (frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, 15 face had turned purple. “Whats wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that
10、Emma had learned how 16 (perform) the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He 17 (save) in time.CIn Japan, the word bonsai means tray plant. It refers to the interesting 18 (combine) of art and the planting and
11、growing of miniature trees and plants. Bonsai originated in China more than 2,000 years ago and 19 (spread) to Japan about 700 years ago. Some people believe that only small plants must be used in bonsai, but this is not true. Nearly any type of tree or plant can be used, as long as it is grown 20 a
12、 seed or a small cutting.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAs part of our mission to inspire the next generation of scientists, inventors and engineers, the Science Museum Group (SMG) has launched an exciting new online gameTotal Darkness. Over the
13、last year we have been developing Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on peoples attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or
14、 concepts.Total Darkness is a digital storytelling experience which encourages young people to recognise how the skills they use every day relate to STEM and can help them develop their confidence in science thinking. The game invites the player to solve a mysterious power cut in their hometown. The
15、 game puts players in control, allowing their choices and decisions to guide them through the story.As the player navigates through the darkened streets of the town, equipped only with a torch, they will face various challenges. Using their curiosity, communication skills and creative problem solvin
16、g, they will discover new theories about what might have caused the blackout(停电；断电). But with every step their torch fades, and the player must solve the mystery before the battery runs out. The players choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication po
17、ints. At the end, the skills the player has used will be revealed along with their science style, showing how they could put their skills into action in the real world.Total Darkness is aimed at 8-15 year-oldsan important stage in teens science development. Research shows that as teens make the step
18、 between primary and secondary, many move away from an interest in science as other influences have a stronger pull in their lives.Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk.21. Total Darkness aims to help players _
19、.A. recall scientific conceptsB. better understand STEMC. improve storytelling abilities D. develop communication skills22. Whats the key to getting points in Total Darkness?A. Judgement. B. Teamwork.C. Equipment.D. Gaming skills.23. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote a new produc
20、t.B. To introduce the SMGs mission.C. To explain the rules of an online game.D. To emphasize the importance of STEM.BNick Torrance, a junior in high school, suffers from muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩症), and attends school in a specialized wheelchair. The muscle disease prevents him from accomplishing many
21、 everyday tasks, such as carrying his books and putting things away in his locker. So he had a fellow student assigned to help him. But Amy Smith, the schools occupational therapist(治疗师), thought that being able to do something simple like opening his locker on his own would be empowering. Amy initi
22、ally thought they would be able to buy a device to help. But searching online turned up nothing that could meet their needseverything needed a keycode or some other physical action, things her disabled student couldnt do. After the outside search for a method came up short, she looked within the sch
23、ool itself for an answer. Amy turned to the schools robotics instructor.The instructor, in turn, suggested that two of his most capable students take on the project: Micah Stuhldreher and Wyatt Smrcka. They took first place in a national robotics competition, so they were a natural choice to tackle
24、the locker door problem with a robotics solution. Micah and Wyatt wasted no time getting down to work and for an hour each school day, the boys brainstormed, built, and rebuilt various versions of the device until they landed on the perfect solution one year later.Like in any device development, it
25、took a lot of trial and error for Micah and Wyatt to make something that would work for their target audience. For example, they initially built a locker-opening button, but Nick wasnt strong enough to push it, so they replaced it with a sensor. Now, between classes Nick steers his electric wheelcha
26、ir to his locker and waves his hand over a sensor on the arm of the wheelchair. A few seconds later, the locker door swings open. Another wave closes the door. Nick can make it with easeit may be a small thing, but it gives him a sense of independence. 24. Why did Amy Smith want a device?A. To incre
27、ase her students confidence.B. To encourage cooperation at school.C. To inspire a robotics invention.D. To help treat a muscle disease.25. With a sensor in his wheelchair, Nick can _.A. move around easilyB. put his things awayC. continue his schoolingD. open and close his locker26. According to the
28、passage, which words can best describe Micah and Wyatt?A. Caring and passionate. B. Talented and ambitious.C. Sensitive and insightful.D. Humble and warmhearted.C Vaccines(疫苗) may soon make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that prese
29、rves vaccines for long periods without refrigeration. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf.Croyles laboratory began developing the technology in 2007. Inspire
30、d by ambers ability to preserve the DNA of insects, the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing “a lot of sugar and a little bit of salt, much like hard candy,” Croyle explains. The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouthsweet news for many who dislike nee
31、dles.The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “Weve learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable,
32、 standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transferable to developing countries.”Immunization(免疫) programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold(2-8) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations. Delivery can be difficult
33、 and costly, and transport disruptions can cause the vaccines to be ineffective.But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film
34、 even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot(流感预防针). “The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, a pharmacologist, who was not involved i
35、n the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation(配方) for future stages of development.Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up
36、to 40. Size is a major advantagea letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses(剂) of vaccine, about 1900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve imm
37、unization rates the world over, particularly in middle- to low- income countries. 27. What can we learn about the film?A. It contains animals DNA.B. It will replace vaccines. C. It comes in different flavours.D. It can hold bio-products.28. According to Paragraph 3, we can learn about the films _.A.
38、 key componentB. development scheduleC. possible advantagesD. transportation requirements29. The author mentions Lisa Rohans words to _.A. advise personalizing vaccinesB. suggest the product is promisingC. prove the study is supported widelyD. stress the functions of a new platform30. What will be t
39、he next urgent task for Croyles team?A. Advertising the film worldwide.B. Improving the films capacity.C. Reducing the shipping cost.D. Seeking ideal manufacturers.DAlbert Einsteins 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to
40、the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldnt be publishable in a scientific journal today.Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first r
41、eaders, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only
42、 guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposi
43、tion of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.A similar process of profe
44、ssionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.We see it also
45、 in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished w
46、ork coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serio
47、us downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldnt have changed, but the paper
48、might not be the same taste to read. 31. According to Richard Feynman, Einsteins 1915 paper _.A. was a classic in theoretical physicsB. turned out to be comprehensibleC. needed further improvement D. attracted few professionals32. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant.C. Unattractive.D. Imprecise.33. According to the author, what
