1、2009年10月现代语言学自考试题全国2009年10月自考现代语言学试题课程代码：00830. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% 10=20% )1. Saussure used _ to refer to the abstract linguistic system sh
2、ared by all the members of a speech community. ()A. performance B. paroleC. langue D. competence2. In English, a phoneme may be represented by two or more allophones. The choice of the allophone is _. ()A. random B. rule-governedC. haphazard D. unpredictable3. In word-formation, a _ is the smallest
3、meaningful unit of language. ()A. phoneme B. wordC. compound D. morpheme4. A _ category usually refers to a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function, such as the subject or predicate in a sentence. ()A. lexical B. phrasalC. syntactic D. phonetic5. In the following pairs of word
4、s, _ are a pair of relational opposites. ()A. “buy” and “sell” B. “male” and “female”C. “hot” and “cold” D. “alive” and “dead”6. The illocutionary point of _ has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality
5、. ()A. directives B. declarationsC. commissives D. representatives7. Old English had a rich case-ending system, e.g., Old English noun had four cases, i.e., nominative, genetive, dative and _. ()A. possessive B. vocativeC. accusative D. locative8. _ dialects are characteristic of a particular type o
6、f linguistic activity and appropriate for use in particular speech situations. ()A. Social B. EthnicC. Regional D. Situational9. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called _.()A. nerve fibers B. nervesC. neurons D. cerebral cortex10. By the time chil
7、dren are going beyond the _ stage, they begin to incorporate some of the inflectional morphemes. ()A. telegraphic B. multiwordC. two-word D. one-wordII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that yo
8、u are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%10=10% )11. If a linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct” behavior, i.e., to tell people what they should say and what they should not, it is said to be p .12. Languages that use the pitch of individ
9、ual syllables to contrast meanings are called tlanguages. Pitch variations can be used to distinguish meaning just like phonemes.13. I morphemes are those morphemes that show various grammatical relations or categories such as number, tense and case.14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one
10、 of which is incorporated into the other.15. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called p , which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.16. The significance of Grices C Principle lies in that it expl
11、ains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.17. The method of r of a parent language from a comparison of its daughter languages is called the comparative method.18. The avoidance of using t language mirrors social attitude, emotions and value judgements.19. Genies
12、case not only confirms the critical period hypothesis, but also the view that humans language a device is independent of other intellectual abilities.20. If the target language functions as a foreign language, the learner is likely to benefit from ani motivation. Directions: Judge whether each of th
13、e following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% 10=20% )21. () The arbitrary nature of language is absolute, i.e., there are no words in world languages tha
14、t maintain a correspondence between form and sound.22. () Certain strings of phonemes are permissible and others are not. If a word begins with an/1/or/r/, the next segment must be a vowel. That is why / 1bIk/does not sound like an English word. It violates the restriction on the sequencing of phone
15、mes.23. () The different stresses used in a compound do not usually affect the meaning of the compound.24. () The recursive properties of phrase structure rules enable these rules to generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length.25. () Entailment is a relation of inclu
16、sion. If X entails Y, the meaning of X is included in Y.26. () Performatives are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable.27. () Another kind of change that can be thought of as “economy of memory” results in a reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular
17、 morphemes. For example, children and adults are presently saying I dreamed last night (instead of dreamt). This kind of change has been called rule simplification.28. () One striking fact about the asymmetry between male and female terms in many languages is that when there are male/female pairs, t
18、he male form for the most part is unmarked and the female term is produced by adding a bound morpheme or by compounding.29. () Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated in a single area of the left hemisphere.30. () The grammatical errors that occur in second languag
19、e acquisition can all be explained by mother tongue interference. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. (3%10=30%)31. synchronic study32. competence33. sentence stress34. free morpheme35. major lexical category36. behaviourism as a semanti
20、c view37. stylistic synonyms38. expressives39. euphemism40. Brocas area. Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% 2=20% )41. In some dialects of English, the word “ask” is pronounced ks, and childrens speech shows a number of cases of sound movement, for example, “aminal” for “animal”. Now explain sound movement by giving examples. State the difference between sound movement and sound addition by examples.42. Describe the distinctive features of Black English in its syntactic system by using examples.
