1、阅读理解专题解题阅读理解专题解题策略和技巧策略和技巧一、考察要点及复习策略一、考察要点及复习策略(1)(1)阅读理解既考查考生对文章阅读理解既考查考生对文章主旨大意主旨大意的把握，也注重的把握，也注重对对细节的理解细节的理解，既要考察，既要考察句子之间的逻辑关系句子之间的逻辑关系，也要考，也要考察察全篇的逻辑关系全篇的逻辑关系，同时还需要考察考生在已有信息的，同时还需要考察考生在已有信息的基础上进行基础上进行合理的推断合理的推断，甚至，甚至判断生词含义判断生词含义。是一种对。是一种对语言综合能力要求较高的题型。语言综合能力要求较高的题型。(2)(2)在各类考试中，阅读理解测试题都占有相当大的比
2、重。在各类考试中，阅读理解测试题都占有相当大的比重。高考英语，高考英语，阅读理解占总分数的三分之一阅读理解占总分数的三分之一，在历次考试，在历次考试之中，阅读的失分情况也很严重。原因主要有两个方面：之中，阅读的失分情况也很严重。原因主要有两个方面：一，没能很好的掌握英语阅读理解的一，没能很好的掌握英语阅读理解的技巧、策略和方法技巧、策略和方法，二是英语语言二是英语语言底子薄弱，阅读量少底子薄弱，阅读量少，对句子与篇章的理，对句子与篇章的理解不透彻。解不透彻。(3)(3)掌握一定的掌握一定的阅读技巧阅读技巧并伴以并伴以大量的阅读训练大量的阅读训练是提高阅是提高阅读理解水平的关键。读理解水平的关键
3、。二、题型分析二、题型分析(1)(1)主旨大意题主旨大意题(2)(2)细节理解题细节理解题(3)(3)推理判断题推理判断题 (4)(4)语义语义/词义理解题词义理解题(5)(5)作者的意图、观点和态度题作者的意图、观点和态度题(6)(6)篇章结构题篇章结构题1.1.主旨大意题主旨大意题解题策略解题策略(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的
4、不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。1.1.主旨大意题主旨大意题常见的提问形式常见的提问形式What does the writer mainly tell us?Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?Which of the following best expresses the main idea?Which is the subject discussed in the text?Whats t
5、he best title for this passage?Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family,and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.Im not going to say luck,talent,and circumstances dont come into play because they do.Some people are born in
6、to the right family while others are born with great intelligence,and thats just the reality of how life is.However,to succeed in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least
7、10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,itll require even more time,time that most people wont put in Whatever you do,if you want to become great at it,you need to work day in and day out 31.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about _.A.the reasons for success B.the meaning of su
8、ccess C.the standards of success D.the importance of success35.What is the main theme of the passage?A.Having a goal is vital to success.B.Being good is different from being great.C.One cannot succeed without time and practice.D.Luck,talent and family help to achieve success.2.2.细节理解题细节理解题解题策略解题策略忠实
9、于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why The day before his third trip to the operating room,Tom was terribly afraid.“Maybe I could
10、go as Superman,”he whispered to his mom.Hearing this,the mother hesitated for a while.She had avoided buying the expensive costume,but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman,showing off And Tom,with the strength of his fantasy,successfully made it through the operation
11、.28.When Tom went for the third operation,he _.A.pretended to be painful B.acted like a superheroC.appeared in poor spirits D.argued with his mother3.3.推理判断推理判断题题解解题策略题策略透过文章表面文字信息推测透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思文章隐含意思；对作者的对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正作正确的推理判断，力求确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度从作者的角度去考虑，去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要固守
12、自己的看法或观点。3.3.推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题形式常见的命题形式 The passage implies(暗示暗示)that_.We can conclude(得出结论得出结论)from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred(推推论论)?What is the purpose(目的目的)of this passage?Where would this passage most probably appear?When you see people exhibiting some great skills or
13、 having achieved great success,you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent,but thinking that way does you no good,and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway.34.What can w
14、e infer from Paragraph 4?A.Successful people like to show their great skills.B.People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.C.People need to achieve success at the cost of life.D.It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.4.4.语义语义/词义理解词义理解题题解解题策略题策略 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词an
15、d或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法反义法 如如hot and cold,give and receive等或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与等或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。并加以解释说明。情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等 However,to succeed
16、 in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least 10.000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,itll require even more time,time that most people wont
17、put in.32.In paragraph 2,the underlined word that refers to _.A.putting in more time.B.setting a practical goal.C.being good at something.D.succeeding in life In the battle against cheating,this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technolog
18、y gives trust to the entire system,to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating,experts say,can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.42.The underli
19、ned expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.A.advanced technique B.sharpening toolC.dividing line D.effective rule Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will f
20、ight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes inte
21、rviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.31.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A.early B.sweetlyC.quickly D.smoothly5.5.作者的意图、观点和态度题作者的意图、观点和态度题解解题策略题策略干扰项干扰项 可能可能考生自己的某种观点考生自己的某种观点。干扰项干扰项 社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有 信息支持信息支持干扰项干扰项 与
22、本文无关或与作者相反的观点等与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等 Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well.Fred Epsteincame through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only;we
23、all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible,to go through those things that seem impossible,and to achieve what we never believed we could.Just as Dr.Epstein puts it,“If you can dream it,you can do it.”So,let your imagination run wild,and dare to dream.30.What
24、 is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell us an interesting story.B.To help us make right decisions.C.To advise us to care about children.D.To encourage us to use our imagination.6.6.篇章结构题篇章结构题解题策略解题策略The passage is developed mainly by_./Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
25、When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.The way to achieve this may not be simple More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster;it would be more effective to give other forms of help during norma
26、l times.A common proverb says,“Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.63.The secon
27、d paragraph is developed mainly _.A.by example B.by process C.by comparison D.by contrast小结小结1.1.对于对于细节题细节题，一定要带着题目回到原文，一定要带着题目回到原文，找到找到原句原句2.2.主旨大意题主旨大意题有时候并非是正误之分，而是有时候并非是正误之分，而是最佳最佳选项和非最佳选项选项和非最佳选项之分之分3.3.推理判断题推理判断题往往往往不能选不能选和原文完全一样的句子，和原文完全一样的句子，需要自己进行加工信息需要自己进行加工信息4.4.根据自己的特点，选择先看题还是先看文章根据自己的特点，选择先看题还是先看文章5.5.可以在每一段可以在每一段标上数字标上数字方便回看方便回看6.6.所有的技巧，都必须在所有的技巧，都必须在大量的训练大量的训练中得到提高，中得到提高，平时平时注重基础注重基础，尤其是，尤其是词汇词汇的记忆，的记忆，
