1、八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳Unit 2 How often do you exercise一词组，短语：1、help with housework 2、go shopping 3、on weekends 4、how often 5、hardly ever 6、once a week 7、twice a month 8、go to the movies9、every day 10、use the Internet11、be free 12、have dance and piano lessons 13、swing dance 14、play tennis 15、stay up late 1
2、6、at least 17、go to bed early 18、 play sports 19、be good for 20、go camping21、in ones free time 22、not.at all 23、the most popular 24、such as 25、go to the dentist 26、more than 27、Old habits die hard 28、 hard=difficult 29、less than 二习惯用法，固定搭配：1. help sb. with sth 2. How about+n./=What about 3. want sb.
3、 to do sth. 4. How many + 5. 主语+ find+ that 6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 7. spend time with sb. 8. ask sb. about sth. 9. by doing sth. 10. Whats your favorite. 11 start doing sth. 12. the best way to do sth. 13、leave for三知识精讲：1How often do you exercise你多久锻炼一次 【解析】本句是含有特殊疑问词how often 的特殊疑问句。how often 多久
4、一次，用于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词组，如always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly，ever，never，every day，once a week，three times a day 等。Eg.How often do you go to the movies你多久去看一次电影Once a week. 一周一次。how often: 多久一次，用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语有never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a year等。how lo
5、ng: 多长时间， 用来对“for + 一段时间”提问，强调时间的延续，其谓语动词应为延续性动词；此外，还可用于询问物体的长度。how soon: 需要多长时间，过多久才对“in+一段时间“提问，答语有in a week/ month/ year等。how far：多远，用来询问距离，答语常用“数字 + miles/ kilometers”等。【解析2】exercise v 锻炼 =do sports= play sports【短语】take /have/do exercise 做运动 do morning exercise 做早操 do eye exercise 做眼保健操2What do
6、you usually do on weekends 你在周末做什么【解析1】频度副词意思频度always 总是，一直，100%usually通常，经常90%often常常，经常70%sometimes = at times 有时，不时40%hardly ever= almost not几乎从不5%never 从不，决不0%【注】：频度副词表示多长时间做某事一次，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。We often clean the classroom every day.【拓展】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段
7、，合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是某时(1)some time一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间sometime adv 在某个时候，( ）I hope to visit the USA _ in the future. A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time (3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍”sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）【2015四川绵阳】_ do you write an English ar
8、ticle for our school newspaper Sometimes. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far【解析2】weekend/weekday辨析单词意思范围weekend周末周六、周日weedday 工作日周一至周五【解析】on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday 在周末 on weekdays= from Monday to Friday 在工作日( ) The teachers never arrive late for work from Monday to Friday.A.
9、on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day D. five times a week.辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时；间或”，表示动作发生的频率，相当于at times提问。常用于一般现在时与一般过去时。提问用how oftensome times 是名词短语，意为“几倍、 几次”。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How mang timessometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用whensome tim
10、e 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间。练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we h
11、ave met before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。3. Hardly ever 几乎从不【解析】hard (1)adv 努力地，猛烈地 work hard 努力工作 study hard 努力学习(2) adj. 困难的，艰难的 =difficult Its hard/difficult for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是困难的Its hard for us _(finish) the work without others help.【拓展】hardly adv “几乎不，从来不” ，表否定意
12、义，常与can ,any ,ever 连用。 I can hardly believe it. ( ) Its raining _ .People can _ go out. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hard D. hardly ; hardly【注】 形容雨雪下的大用hard/heavy辨析：hardly 与hardhardly 几乎不，一般位于动词之前。 hard 努力，位于动词之后。eg：He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。4. Whats your favorite pr
13、ogram 你最喜欢的节目是什么句型：Whats your favorite.=What. do you like best你最喜欢的.是什么s your favorite animal你最喜欢的动物是什么= _ a week一周两次 【解析】英语中，once表示“一次”，twice表示“两次”，从“三次”起用“基数词times”表示次数。three times三次，five times五次。7I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次。【解析】maybe adv. 大概；或许；可能Eg. Maybe that man is a poli
14、ceman. 或许那人是警察。maybe 和may bemaybe副词，意为“或许；大概”，常位于句首表推测。Maybe he is at Jims home.或许他在吉姆家。may be由情态动词may和 be构成，意为“可能是、也许是”，在句中作谓语。He may be right.他可能是对的。【解析1】go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film 去看电影【解析2】maybe/may be辨析： （1） maybe =perhaps adv 也许，可能，表示推测，通常用于句首，在句中作状语。( ) _ Li Hua wants t
15、o be an astronaut like Yang Liwei. A. May be B. May C. Also D. Maybe （2）may be 是“情态动词may +动词原形be”, 或许，可能是，也表示推测，在句中作谓语。可以和maybe 互换。Toms pen may be in his backpack. =Maybe Toms pen is in his backpack【江苏南通】Now all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day in and outside school. A. the ; a B. a; an C. /;
16、a D. /; an 8He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢(足球) 两次。【解析】least adv.最小；最少adj.& pron.最少的；最小的，它是little的最高级。Eg. He has least money of all of us. 在我们所有人中他的钱最少。She works least. 她工作最少。We have least time.我们时间最少。at least 至少；不少于；起码，其反义短语为：at most 至多9. On Wednesday and Friday. 在周三和周五 【解析】介词at/ in /on /for表
17、示时间：1)at.表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) In the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰
18、语或后有修饰语时. On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night g. At least he should say thanks. 他至少应该说声谢谢。10. 频度副词.【解析】频度副词表示经常性的动作或情况，常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作，按其频率发生的高低分别是：always 总是； usually 通常；often 经常； sometimes 有时；hardly ever 几乎不；never 从不。对这些频度副词进行提问时，用特殊疑问词how often，意为“多久一次”。Eg. They
19、always go to the park by bus. 他们总是乘公共汽车去公园。Kate is often late for school. 凯特经常上学迟到。I sometimes_watch TV programs.(对画线部分提问)How often do you watch TV programs 你多久看一次电视节目 many hours do you sleep every night你每天晚上睡几个小时【解析】how many 和how muchhow many和how much都可以表示“多少”，但how many后接可数名词复数，而how much后接不可数名词。Eg.
20、 How many girls can you see 你能看见多少个女孩How much milk do you want 你想要多少牛奶【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱12. Last month we
21、 asked our students about their free time activities. 上个月我们向学生询问了他们业余活动的情况。ask sb. about sth. “询问某人关于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework. _。【解析1 】ask sb about sth 向某人询问有关的情况 ask sb to do sth请/要某人去做某事(否定形式)ask sb. not to do sth ask sb. for sth 向某人要某物 【解析2】active adj. 活跃的 activity n 活动 My f
22、riend is _(active).14、Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although 连词。意为“虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outside.= It rained，but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了，但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。
23、1. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although15. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows，but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.尽管通过上网或观看游戏节目对放松很有好处，但是我们认为锻炼是最好的放松方式。【解析】这是一个“Its+adj+to do sth.”的句型结构，意为“做某事是.”。
24、其中it是形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式 to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows；拓展：Its + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth.Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是的”。该句中的形容词用于描述事物的特征，表客观情况，如difficult（困难的），hard(困难的)，easy（容易的）Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in clas
25、s. 上课认真听讲很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很容易。Its +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.： 意为“某人做某事是.”，该句中的形容词用于描述人物的品质，表主观情感和态度。By在此处表示方式、方法、手段，意为“凭借；靠；用；通过”。其后通常接名词或动名词，作方式状语，可放在句首也可放在句末。By作为介词用法：by+交通工具 乘. by+时间 在.之前，到.为止 by+地点 在.旁边；靠近.16、Although many students like to watch sports.
26、 虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节目【解析】 although=though conj 虽然，即使;不能与but 连用，引导让步状语从句【解析】through + 手段、 媒介 “以，凭借，穿过” by + ving/ 工具名词【辨析】through/across (1)through “从中经过” ，强调动作发生在立体空间，指从物体的空间内部穿过，如门、窗、洞、森林等(2) across “横越，穿过” , 指从表面走过或从一边到另一边。( ) _ he isnt rich enough, he often gives away money to some poor children. A. Tho
27、ugh B. When C. Because D. If( ) _ he is very tried, he still tries _. A. Because ; work B. Because; to work C. Although; working D. Although ;to work17. Exercise such as playing sports is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.像参加体育运动这样的锻炼是有趣的，并且你可以与你的朋友和家人一起花费时
28、间进行锻炼。【解析】such as 例如；像这样表示举例，相当于like。Eg. I like animals such as cats and dogs. 我喜欢动物，像猫和狗。such as结构既可表示为“名词such as例子”，也可表示为“such名词as例子”。Eg. I enjoy songs such as this one.I enjoy such songs as this one.我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。【解析1】such as/ for example辨析：（1）such as “例如，像一样” 常常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间。 I li
29、ke all kinds of sports such as running and swimming.（2）for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”，做插入语，位于句首、句中或句末。【解析2】 spend /pay /cost/ take 花费动词主语宾语句型结构spend 人时间或金钱sb. spend on sth/ in doing sthpay人金钱pay. for cost物金钱sth cost sb. some moneytake it时间It takes sb. . to do sth重点： spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱H
30、e didnt spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spend his time playing football. _Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that., doing , d
31、oing , for doing , to do18And remember，“old habits die hard”请记住：“旧习惯是很难摈弃的”。 【解析】die v. 消失；消灭；死亡(1)作“死亡”讲，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，强调动作，是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 grandfather died five years ago. 他祖父五年前去世的。(2)die可以用于进行时态，表示“即将死去，奄奄一息”。 is dying.他快要死了。dead 死的，是die的形容词形式。可作表语或定语。作表语时，表示状态。 dog has been dead for two
32、 weeks. 他的狗已死了两周了。death 死亡，是die的名词形式。 mothers death made him very sad. 他母亲的去世使他非常难过。20. She says she is afraid. 她说她害怕。_【解析】afraid adj “担心的，害怕的”.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，（强调主观上的原因不去做）Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飞机旅行。 . be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 （强调为担心出现的状况或结果，是客观造成的而不敢去做）Dont be afraid o
33、f asking questions. 不要怕问问题。be afraid of sb. sth. 害怕某人某物 Eg：She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。be afraid to do sth.= 害怕做某事语法归纳频度副词概念频度副词是用来表示动作发生频率的词，常用来表示不确定时间，主要包括always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never等，如果表示具体频度次 数，可采用次数加单位时间。例如：once a week 一周一次twice a month 每月两次如：He hardly never exer
34、cises.他几乎从不锻炼。注意：表示具体的次数、频率时，一次用once，两次用twice，三次及以上用“基数词+times”表示。如：I play soccer twice a week.我每周踢两次足球。She watches TV four times a week.她每周看四次电视。2.在句中的位置。1）一般放在实义动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。如：We never eat junk food.我们从来不吃垃圾食品。I can hardly say a word.我几乎说不出一句话来。He is sometimes very busy.他有时很忙。2）有些频度副词也可位于句首
35、，但表示不同的含义simetimes常用于句首，和位于句中区别不大。如：Sometimes Jack plays computer games.often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite,very修饰。如：Very often he goes online.他上网很经常。usually有时也可用于句首，其前不用修饰语。如：Usually my father gets up early.always一般不用于句首，但可用于祈使句中。如：Always remember this.请时刻记住这一点。3）对频度副词提问时，用特殊疑问词how often。如：-How often do you exerxise -Hardly ever.几乎从不。频度副词意思频度always 总是，一直，100%usually通常，经常90%often常常，经常70%sometimes 有时，不时40%hardly ever几乎从不5%never 从不，决不0%
