1、课程欧洲文化入门 考试时间 120 分钟 日期 年 月 日 姓名 学号 学院 班级 .Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the
2、 letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1. was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. Pythagoras B. DemocritusC. Aristotle D. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante
3、? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero3. _ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name_ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan
4、in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean _ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the _ swept into
5、Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the _ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,_ wa
6、s the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence C. Venice D. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning yield beauty”?. A. Boccaccio B. Shakespeare C. Raphael D. Petrar
7、ch11. _ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great impact on world literature. A. Don Quixote B. hamlet C. Gargantua and Pantagruel D. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Naturelaws lay hid in night.God said, “let_ be”, and all was light. A
8、. Copernicus B. Kepler C. Newton D. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with _ in France. A. Corneille B. Locke C. Rousseau D. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was _. A. the building of monasteries B. the translation of
9、 Old and New Testaments into Latin C. the setting up of the church system D. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante? A. Dante was a great Italian poet. B. Dante wrote Beowulf C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian D. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists i
10、n the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance to _ . A. deductive reasoning B. classical authority C. direct observation and experiment D. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle? A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of scien
11、ce meet. B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander. D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. _ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. . A. Sophists B. Cyni
12、cs C. Sceptics D. Epicureans19. _ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.” A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,_ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the unive
13、rse. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in
14、 the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil (d)Aeneid25.Constantine (e)Last Supper26.Augustine (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci (h)Frogs29.Rapha
15、el (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer (j)Odyssey.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four
16、 schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200
17、years?37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradi
18、tion in western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athensdemocrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the correspondi
19、ng space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程欧洲文化入门答案.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j.31.The major elements are
20、the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feud
21、alism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusad
22、es lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vincis most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democ
23、racy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of ora
24、l literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendels mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosoph
25、er, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife
26、 Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with is as in Schol
27、asticism.3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.
