1、2021年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句考点一引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh-ever等它们有词义,在从句中作成分。whatwhatever指物,作主语、宾语、 定语、表语;whowhoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whomwhomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;whichwhichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever的连接词意义上有“任何”之意。What I want to know is the price of the bike.我想知道的就是自行车的价格。You can buy
2、 whatever you need in the shop.在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。whoever,whatever,wherever.等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而who,what,where.等引导的句子表示具体的概念。如:What he said is right.他所说的是对的。(特指他这次所说的事情)Whatever he said is right.无论他说什么都是对的。此处,whatever= anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。Who will do it is not decided
3、.谁去做这件事还没有确定。(指一次具体的动作)Whoever does it will be punished.无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。(此处特别强调“无论是谁”)wh-ever这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+whowhatwhich.代替。2.连接副词when,where,why,how等它们有词义,在句中作状语。when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。This is why I came here.这是我来这儿的原因。I have no idea where he went.我不知道他去了哪里。I dont know when I wi
4、ll see her again.我不知道何时才能再见到她。He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。3.从属连词that,whether,if(1)that无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。I heard (that) he won the first prize.我听说他得了一等奖。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.我的建议是讨
5、论一下这件事。She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。(2)whether和if表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句一般由whether连接。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。4.as ifas though 引导的表语从句as ifas though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词,seem,look,taste,sound,fe
6、el,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾笼罩着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑毯子覆盖到它的上面。It seems as if it is going to rain.看上去好像要下雨了。此处使用陈述语气而非虚拟语气。5.because,why 引导的表语从句because,why 也可引导表语从句,但because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或cause (
7、该结构常用that 引导)。常用于以下句型:China is developing fast.Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。考点二that,what引导的名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句
8、中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(表语从句)她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。What was most imp
9、ortant to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句;what在从句中作主语)她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。As a young man,he doesnt know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾语从句;what在从句中作宾语)作为一名年轻人,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what在从句中作表语)中国不再是过去的样子了。考点三宾语从句的否定转移主句主语是第一人称,谓语为think,believe,suppose,
10、expect,imagine等时,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think he will come by train.我认为他不会坐火车来。I dont suppose that we can win the game.我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。名词性从句 语法训练.单句语法填空1.There were so many bright yellow Beta 400s cars in the car-park that he did not know was his car.2.It seems very ridiculous p
11、eople living so near dont know each other for such a long time.3.But most importantly,be careful about you shareyour future may depend on it.4.You have to be careful you say to thin-skinned people so as not to hurt their feelings.5.From space,the earth looks blue.This is about 71% of its surface is
12、covered by water.6.You have to knowyoure going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.7.Although there were no accidents,Timmis believes we should still be aware of is going on around us.8.Traveling to the past or future would allow you to live in exciting periods of history or get a glimp
13、se(一瞥) of the future holds.9.The more serious effect is they risk being unable to breast-feed.10.We must find outKarl is coming,so we can book a room for him.11.Here is could have and should have happened.12.He expressed his hope the cooperation will help to raise the awareness about environmental p
14、rotection.13.I didnt know he was at home instead of mom.14. Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.15. we understand things has a lot to do with how we feel.答案及剖析:1.which本句中,所填单词引导一个宾语从句,同时作句子的主语,指物,意为“哪一个”,因此用which。2.that考查主语从句。it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句:pe
15、ople living so near dont know each other for such a long time。3.what考查what宾语从句。句意:但最重要的是,小心你分享的东西你的未来可能取决于它。此处介词about后面是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,从句中谓语动词share缺少宾语,所以引导词起双重作用,故答案为what。4.what考查名词性从句。句意表示“你说的话”,由于从句中缺少say后面的宾语,故填what。5.because考查表语从句。句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约71%的表面都被水覆盖着。分析句子可知此处应填because引导表语从句。6.wher
16、e考查宾语从句。You have to know 后面是一个宾语从句。句意:如果你要计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你要去哪里。故用where引导宾语从句。7.what考查名词性从句。此处根据句意知,what引导的是be aware of后面的宾语从句,由于从句中缺少主语,所以填what。8.what考查名词性从句。根据of后句子可知,此处是宾语从句,从句缺少holds的宾语,故填what。9.that考查表语从句。句意:更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。句中that引导表语从句,在句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。所以要填that。10.when考查宾语从句。句意:我们必须弄明白
17、Karl什么时候来,以便我们能给他预订房间。find out后面跟宾语从句,由句意可知,空处表示时间,在句中作状语,因此用when。11.what考查表语从句。句意:以下是本可以发生、也应该发生的事情。 could have and should have happened是一个表语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,所以填what。12.that考查同位语从句。句意:他希望这次合作将有助于提高人们对环境保护的意识。此处hope后面是that引导的同位语从句,故答案为that。13.why考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道为什么在家里的是他而不是妈妈。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且根据句意可知从句的
18、引导词表示原因,故用why。14.Where考查主语从句。句意:李白是中国一位伟大的诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语,is前面是主语从句。结合句意可知,用where在从句中作地点状语。15.How考查主语从句。句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此用How。.语篇语法填空Kalawati Devi Rawat is known as the woman 1. brought electricity to her village.It was
19、the early 1980s and Kalawati had just been 2. (marry) and moved to Bacher village to live with her husband.The village had no electricity and she found life hard once 3. got dark in the hills.One day,she 4. (lead) a group of village women to meet government officials in Gopeshwar.They 5. (strong) re
20、quested that their village be provided with power.But the officials were unmoved.While walking back to the village,the women came across some electricity poles(电线杆),clearly to 6. (use) to provide light for an official programme.Kalawati persuaded the women 7. (carry) the electricity poles to their v
21、illage,situated at a 8. (high) of some 500 meters.The officials were very 9. (anger) and they threatened to bring a charge against the women.But more and more women came forward.In 10. end,the officials had to connect the village to the power grid(电网).语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。Kalawati Devi Rawat通过自己与同村妇女一同抗争,使当
22、地政府为她们的村子通电,为村子带来了光明。答案及剖析:1.who考查定语从句。所填单词引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词是the woman,故填who。2.married考查动词。be married表示“已婚的”。3.it考查代词。根据句意可知,此处表示“当天黑时”,故填it,表示时间。4.led考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语One day可知,空格处填lead的一般过去式led,表示过去发生的动作,故填led。5.strongly考查副词。此处修饰动词requested,故填副词strongly。6.be used考查动词的语态。electricity poles与use是被动关系,因此应该用被动语态。7.to carry考查动词不定式。persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事。8.height考查名词。“a height of+数字”为习惯用法,用来表示“高度为”。9.angry考查形容词。所填单词作表语,故填anger的形容词形式angry。10.the考查冠词。in the end最后;终于,为固定搭配。
