1、 状语从句用法详解在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。一 时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。1. when, while, as 1) when“当.的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。I was very happy when I heard from you.When you deal with them, you shoul
2、d be cautious. When I was young, I went to town myself. （延续性动词）When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.（非延续性动词）As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 My father was preparing a report while I was p
3、laying games. Please dont talk so loud while others are working.3) while 意为“虽然,尽管”,还能引导让步状语从句.While it was late, he went on working.（虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作.）While he is in poor health, he works hard.（虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作.）4）连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系.例如：He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里.）I li
4、ke singing while she likes dancing.（我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞.）You like sports, while I prefer music.5）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边.，一边.” 或“随着.”。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.注意：如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，when, while与as可互换。When/ Whil
5、e/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2. till, until和not. until 1）until/ till肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 He remained there until/ till she arrived. You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.2）否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。构成n
6、ot.until/till，意为“直到.才”。She didnt go to bed until I come back. Dont worry. We wont set off until you arrive. 3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it.4）not.until 句型中的强调和倒装用法。 强调句型：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 倒装句型：Not until you told me did I h
7、ave any idea of it. （not until置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构） Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.3. before1）before“没有来得及.就”“未.就”“.就.” Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.They had talked only a few minutes before they found they wer
8、e quite different in opinion.2）before作“.才.” The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me. The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.3）before可译为“趁”“以免”“以防”等。 Ill do it before I forgot it. 趁还没有忘，我现在就把这事做了。Wed better finish the work in time before the bo
9、ss scolds us.4）before可译为“（宁可.而）不愿”。 Hed die before he apologizes to them. 他宁死也不向他们道歉。 Id give up the plan before I turn to him for help.注意：“It + be + 一段时间+ before从句”中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况：如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”； It wont be long before we meet again. 不久我们就会再见的。如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”
10、。 It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才从国外回来。4. since译为“自从.”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.I havent heard any noise since I slept. He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment,
11、 the minute, the instant, no sooner. than. , hardly/scarcely. when.和once（一.就）这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作 “一.就.”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw hi
12、s mother. 注意：no sooner.than; hardly. when.时态搭配： no sooner与hardly引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时， 而than与when引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。 当把no sooner和hardly提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.6. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all
13、the time等名词短语用来引 导时间状语从句，表示“每当.；每次.；下次.”等。 Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. I think of the things and the people when we studied there every time I go by my mothe
14、r school.二 地点状语从句：在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等。Make marks where you have questions. You can go anywhere you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.注意：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需用先行词。Go back where you came from.Go b
15、ack to the village where you came from.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.（状语从句Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句）三 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有although, though, as, even if, even though, while, whether.or.,whether(.) or not, whatever, no matter what/ how
16、/ why等。1. though/although引导的让步状语从句1）although和though意义相同，都意为“虽然，即使”，表示让步，可互换使用，区别在于although语气较重，大多置于句首。2）though/ although引导让步状语从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更加强调对比性，但不可出现but。3）though引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。在as though, even though中一般不可用although代替。同时although不可当副词用，而though则可。 Although its raining, they are still wo
17、rking in the field. Short though it is, the article is very important.注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didnt, though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。2. even though/ even if 引导的让步状语从句Even though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He
18、 may be poor, yet she loves him.)3. as引导的让步状语从句,从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。 Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. Much as/ though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. Try a
19、s/though you may, you will never succeed. Tired as/though he was, he continued to work.4. whether. or/ whether (.) or not引导的让步状语从句 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, its true.5. while引导的让步状语从句表示“尽管”，比though/ although语气弱。while引导 的让步状语从句一般要位于句首
20、。 While I like the color, I dont like the shape. 我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。 While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 6. what-ever引导的让步状语从句,常可换成“no matter+wh-词”，但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。 Ill wait for you however (no matter how) late it is. Whoever (No matter) you are, you must keep the law.注意：“no
21、 matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而wh-ever类词还可以引导名词性从句或其他状语从句。Ill eat whatever you give me. （what引导宾语从句）Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever引导主语从句）四 原因状语从句 1.） because语气最强，用以回答why引起的提问，它还可用于强调结构。 She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her. Why did they fail? It was because they didnt do th
22、eir best. 2）as语气弱，较口语化， as从句多置于主句之前。 As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home. As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.3）since的语气比较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，往往相当于汉语的“既然”。 since从句多置于主句之前。 Since Monday is Bobs birthday, lets give him a party. Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess
23、 with me? 注意：上述三个词为从属连词，而for是一个并列连词。for有时可用来作附加说明，必须把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后。We should be more careful, for it is already dark. 2. now that主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因， that有时可以省略。Now that you have come, you may as well stay.Now that everything is settled, I have no reason here.for the reason that的用法,that后是一个同位语从句，解释说明rea
24、son的内容。I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.For the reason that I havent worked hard, Ill have to cram before the coming examinations.由于平时不努力，考试前我只好临时抱佛脚。that后的从句be happy that, be surprised that等中的that从句有时也被认为是原因状语从句。Im sorry that I havent done so much as I should.We fee
25、l proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger.五 方式状语从句as, as if/though等as引导方式状语从句。You must do the experiment as I do./You are fine just as you are.as if/ though引导方式状语从句。1）as if/ though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，She closed her eyes as if she was tired.2）如果从句所表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气。He acted as
26、 if nothing had happened.He speaks English as if he were a foreiner.It sounds as if he could solve the problem.They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.注意：as if/though也可以引导一个分词短语，不定式短语或无动词短语。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. He cleared his throat as if t
27、o say something. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.六 条件状语从句常用引导词有if, unless, as/ so long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，I will definitely study medicine after I finish school.在条件状语从句中,一般过去时表
28、示过去将来时，We arrived at the airport before it rained.现在完成时表示将来完成时。Ill watch tv as soon as Ive finished my homework.if引导的条件状语从句 If you ask him, he will help you. If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.unless引导的条件状语从句, 意为“除非，若不”。 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. Unl
29、ess it rains, the game will be played.on condition (that) 引导的条件状语从句,“在.条件下”。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. I will do it on condition that you help me.supposing/ proving/ provided/ given (that)可以用作连词，意为“如果, 倘若”，引导条件从句表示一种假设条件。 Supposing (that) it rains, s
30、hall we continue the sports meeting? Providing/ Supposing/ Given/ Provided (that) you promise not to tell anyone else, Ill tell you the details. in case引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。 In case he comes, tell him to wait a while. In case anything important happens, please call me up.as/ so long as引导的条件状语从句
31、, 意思是“只要”。 So long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. As/ So long as we dont lose heart, well overcome any difficulty.once引导的条件状语从句，意为“一旦，一.就”，从句可置于主句前或后。 Once virtue is lost, all is lost. 一旦道德丢失了，什么都丢失了。 Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.七 目的状语从句,常用来引导目的状语从句的有so, so that, i
32、n order that, for fear that, in case (that), for the purpose that, lest等。 1. in order that, so that 引导的目的状语从句需要用情态动词，如 may/ might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ can/ could等。 They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should/ might remember what they had done. In or
33、der that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后，其中that有时可以省略。 We climbed high so (that) we might get a better view.2. for fear (that), in case, lest引导的目的状语从句 We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding
34、. 我们开了一个面对面的会议讨论这个问题，以免引起误会。in case表示以防（万一）发生某种情况。Lest意为“以防”。 Take an umbrella with you in case/ lest it should rain. 带着伞以防下雨。 八 结果状语从句1. that, so, so that, so.that.,such that, such.that.等。 We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city. He spoke at the top of his voice so
35、 that the students at the back heard him.2. so. that. 引导的结果状语从句so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数形式 + that从句Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.so + many/ much/ few/ little + 名词 + that从句There is so l
36、ittle time left that we have to speed up.3. such.that. 引导的结果状语从句such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数形式 + that从句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数形式/不可数名词 + that从句These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.We had such terrible weather that we couldnt fin
37、ish the work on time. so. that. 与such. that.的区别so是副词，其修饰的中心词是形容词、副词；such是形容词，其修饰的中心词是名词。 He spoke so fast that no one understand him. They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. = Jack is such an honest worker that we all be
38、lieve him.为了强调形容词或副词，so/such.that.引导的结果状语从句，可把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒装语序。 So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep. Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.九 比较状语从句常用as.as, not as/so.as., than等连词引导。“the + 比较级.，the + 比较级.”结构也可引导比较状语从句。 同级比较常用“as. as.”结构。 He speaks English as well as
39、 you do. He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.不同级比较常用“not as/so.as.”结构。 His handwriting is not as good as yours (is). He doesnt speak English as well as you do.差级或最高级比较常用结构“.than.”。 He was more successful than we had expected. He can earn no more money than you can.比较关系的状语从句常用结构为“the + 比较级
40、.，the + 比较级.”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. The sooner you are back, the better it will be.注意：what/as也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。 Food is to men what/ as oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 Engines are to machines what/ as hearts are to animals. 引擎对于机器而言就好比心脏对动物一样。十 状语从句中的省略在表示时间、地
41、点、条件、方式、比较或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it，那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（尤其是be动词）往往可以省略。 “从属连词 + 名词”式 Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions. As (he was) a child, he became interested in art.“从属连词 + 形容词”式 When (they are) ripe, the grapes will be delicious. Though (he was) young, he ha
42、d to live on himself. “从属连词 + 副词”式 Once (you are) inside, begin to work. Unless (you are) here, you cant find this kind of plants.“从属连词 + 介词短语”式 When (you are) in doubt, please look up the dictionary. The waves dashed on the rocks as if (they were) in anger. “从属连词 + 不定式”式 He moved his lips as if (he
43、 were) to speak something. He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. “从属连词 + 动词-ing”式 Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street. Before handing in the papers, check them carefully. = Before you hand in the papers, check them carefully.“从属连词 + 动词的-ed”式 When (it is) tak
44、en according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. Dont come in until (you are)asked to. She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected. if necessary, if possible, if true, if so, if not, if anyone, unless, once, as long as等词或短语也运用了省略形式。 If (it is) necessary, you can refer to the dictionary. If (it is) possible, Ill come to help.状语从句中“there be”常省略 Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes）in these sentences. We shouldnt lose heart as long as (there is) any hope with us.
