1、50套高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner. Dieticians at Newcastle University sai
2、d both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half. It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women st
3、ill have the strongest long-term influence over the couples diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households. The report, by Newcastle Universitys Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from the UK, No
4、rth America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples. The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partner Women also use food as a comfort when dealing with
5、emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men. Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many. Report author and registered die
6、tician Dr. Amelia Lake said, The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration.（1）According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men _. A.have few changes of their dietary h
7、abitsB.have to eat more unhealthy foodsC.dont like foods high in fat and sugar at allD.try to eat foods that their girlfriends like（2）The underlined word light (in Paragraph 4) probably means _. A.not very heavyB.less in fat and sugarC.gentleD.not serious or important（3）According to the report by Ne
8、wcastle Universitys Human Nutrition Research Centre, _. A.women put on weight only because they want to suit their other halfB.when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habitsC.eating together in the evening is a good way to communicate for couplesD.it is wrong to chan
9、ge your dietary habits to suit your partner（4）From the passage, we can infer that _. A.women should pay more attention to their partners influence on themB.more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most householdsC.couples will not change their dietary habits and lifestyle to please their part
10、nerD.long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner（5）What would be the best title for the passage? A.Dont be silly any more, women!B.Which are better dietary habits?C.Boyfriends make you fatD.Dr. Amelia Lake and his study【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养
11、学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“which may please their partner”可知，男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“salads, fruit and vegetables”可推断，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来
12、说特别重要，可知选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。可选A。 （5）考查主旨大意。纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。C项幽默风趣，能
13、吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units fr
14、om the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed. The sizes of similarly named uni
15、ts could also differ. The kings foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container vari
16、ed from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km
17、in the north to nearly 6 km in the south. Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Systme International dUnits (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became t
18、he official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet. At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies a
19、re almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly preci
20、sely, which would mean that from May 20th 2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mai
21、nly tell us? A.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things used to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraph? A.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space ord
22、er.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement? A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the worlds measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles? A.They will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new intern
23、ational festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“man has been the measure of many, if not all, things
24、 ”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The kings foot .around a centimetre shorter than the Belgic foot”和“Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos,以及The lieue (former measure of distance), f
25、or example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“it was the French who in 1799 made it law和The Systme International dUnits (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known)developed from it
26、and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States ”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制(SI)。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain
27、to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units.will follow the other three.in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 W
28、hile the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be taught by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is ju
29、st an avatar that appears on the students desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come. The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vectors Be sustainable with en
30、ergy a free program for Auckland elementary schools. Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instan
31、ce, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed. Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel w
32、ay to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.” The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, What was fascinating to
33、 me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention. However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.（1）What was special for some elementary school
34、 students in Auckland? A.A digital teacher taught them.B.They first saw something digital.C.This was the start of a new school year.D.They could get close to smartphone screen.（2）What is the benefit of this two-way interaction? A.It can smile back.B.It can use microphone.C.It can talk any topic for
35、free.D.It can change if necessary.（3）Whats Ravishankars attitude to Wills replacing Human educators soon? A.Optimistic.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Disapproving.（4）What might be the best title for the passage? A.New High-tech Contributes to EducationB.The Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.
36、C.The Worlds First Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD.New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They became the worlds first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之处在
37、于机器人老师教他们。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.”即“ 这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以做出变化。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
38、“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New
39、Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。之后文章就此展开，由此可推断出he Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom最符合本文的标题。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4Direc
40、tions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenlands past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discove
41、red lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods(间冰期)in northwest Greenland. Although researchers have long known these two periodsthe early Holocene and Last Interglacialexperienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly sp
42、ecies shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there, Axford said. We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙).
43、This new information could help researchers better measure Greenlands sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenlands ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland cov
44、ers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the t
45、eam. One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today, said Axford. People might be surprised to see how todays Greenland looked during the last two interglacia
46、l periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarcticas ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenlands ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland
47、 is more responsible for that sea-level rise. Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these c
