1、主语从句用法小结观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大
2、海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长
3、长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 请观察下列句子, 注意主语从句的特点。要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 1. That the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact.课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,
4、但学生写作文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。为什么?还是没有彻底“记死”的缘故。要解决这个问题,方法很简单,每天花3-5分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警句即可。可以写在后黑板的“积累专栏”上每日一换,可以在每天课前的3分钟让学生轮流讲解,也可让学生个人搜集,每天往笔记本上抄写,教师定期检查等等。这样,一年就可记300多条成语、300多则名言警句,日积月累,终究会成为一笔不小的财富。这些成语典故“贮藏”在学生脑中,自然会出口成章,写作时便会随心所欲地“提取”出来,使文章增色添辉。 2. Whether the artist can do it or not is uncert
5、ain. 这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗? 3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet.与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学
6、，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 4. Where the young man has gone is not known.5. When and where the test will be given is not yet decided.【归纳总结】主语从句必须有引导词；主语从句用陈述句
7、语气。1. 引导主语从句的词有：连词: that, whether；连接代词: who, whose, whom, whoever, what, which等；连接副词where, when, whenever, wherever, how, why等。主语从句引导词的选择：1).连接词: that, whether(1) That he will win is certain.(2) It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase.(3) Whether we shall raise ducks or geese
8、remains to be decided.(4) Whether he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.2) 连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。(1) It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.(2) Whose bag it is cannot be told.(3) What India needs is a law to make l
9、and ownership fairer.(4) It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year.(5) Whatever he said was right.(6) Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3) 连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how often等。(1) When well start tomorrow will be told soon.(
10、2) Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out.(3) How/ When he came here is not known.(4) How we can protect the grain needs to be discussed.(5) How many people died from starvation that year will never be known.(6) How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spar
11、e.归纳总结：主语从句引导词的选择主要是根据从句的结构和意义来选择。1.如果从句的意义和结构完整，则用that。2.如果从句的意义和结构不完整，则根据从句的意义和结构选择相应的引导词。比较that / what1. What he wants is a book. 2. That he wants to go there is obvious. 3. What happened is not clear. 4. This is the best TV that is made in China. 定语从句5. The first museum that he visited in China
12、was the History Museum. 定语从句that 和what 的选用：that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在主语从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。翻译和分析下列句子：1. It is well reported that a storm is coming.2. It is true that the earth moves around the sun.3. It is a pity that I missed the train.4. It doesnt matter wh
13、ether he will come or not. 5. It seems that it is going to rain. 6. It happened that they didnt know my address.归纳：为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句，而把主语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。常用句型如下：It+ be +名词+ that 从句It+ be + 形容词+ that从句It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句It+ be + 不及物动词+ that从句1. Its likely/possible/important/ne
14、cessary/clear that 很可能/重要的是 /必要的是/很清楚2. Its known/reported/ thought/said that 据说/据报道3. It seems/appears/happens that 显然、明显、碰巧.4. Its been announced/declared that 已经通知/宣布5. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑6. Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying（俗话说）that主语从句常见错误：下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析原因。
15、1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.改：在is后加that。that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.改：将If变为Whether。if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。3. That the professor said is of great importance.改：将That改为What。that引导主语从句时无词义，只起一个连
16、接的作用。What the professor said表示“教授所说的”，said后面还需要一个宾语，就只能用what。4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.改：将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.改：将No matter who变为whoever。引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.改：将remain变为remains。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。
