1、21年高考英语阅读专项训练12-3心理精神类Passage 1Earworms, some people call them. Songs that get stuck in your head go round and round, sometimes for days, sometimes for months. For no clear reason you cannot help yourself from humming or singing a tune by Lady Gaga.To a psychologist, the most interesting thing about
2、 earworms is that they show a part of our mind that is clearly outside of our control. Earworms arrive without permission and refuse to leave when we tell them to. They are parasites (寄生虫) living in a part of our minds.If you have got an earworm you can suffer an attack of it simply by someone menti
3、oning the tune, without having to hear it. This proves that earworms are a part of long-term memory. Humans have an inner ear, for remembering phone numbers, for instance. When it gets infected with earworms, rather than review our plans for the day, or lists of things to remember, the inner ear get
4、s stuck on a few short bars of music or a couple of phrases from a song. A part of us that we normally do not have to think about, that should just do what we ask, has been turned against us, upsetting us with a request that we never asked for. The mind is an inner world which we do not have complet
5、e knowledge of, or have control over.Fortunately psychology can provide some advice on how to deal with an uncontrollable mind. Consider the famous dont think of a white bear problem, which tells you to try not to think about white bears, or to do something else, to avoid both thinking of the white
6、bear and not thinking of the white bear. For earworms, the solution may be the same. Our inner ear has become infected with an earworm. This is a part not under our control, so just sending in instructions to shut up is unlikely to be of much help (and has been shown to make it worse). Much better i
7、s to employ the inner ear in another task. If your mind is poisoned by Brittany Spears Toxic, for instance, then try singing Kylie Minogues Cant Get You out Of My Head. Let me know if it works!53. According to the passage, earworms are _.A. songs that keep going round in our mindB. worms that live i
8、n a part of our brainC. tunes by pop singers like Lady GagaD. parasites clearly under our control54. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Singing songs may get earworms out of your head.B. Earworms are used for keeping long-term memory.C. Humans do not have complete control over their mind.D
9、. You wont suffer from earworms unless you hear the song. 55. What does “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The instruction to shut up your mind.B. “Dont think of the white bear” problem.C. Kylie Minogues Cant Get You out Of My Head.D. Using the earworm-infected inner ear in another task.56. What
10、 is the passage mainly about?A. The causes and influences of earworms.B. What earworms are and how to deal with them.C. How to clear earworms out of your head.D. The relation between earworms and popular songs.Words and expressions1.Psychologistpsychology 2.attack 3.mention 4.infect 5.instructionins
11、truct 6.poison 7.get stuck in 8.cannot help doing 9.permissionpermit 10.shut up Passage 2 The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox (自相矛盾): it orders us to hold tightly to its many gifts even while it forces us to give up everything at last. As an old s
12、aying goes, “A man comes into this world with his fist clenched (握紧拳头), but when he dies, his hand is open.” Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wonderful, and full of beauty. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth too late. We remember what it was and then su
13、ddenly realize that it is no more. We remember a beauty or a love that disappeared. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered and that we failed to react with love when it was gentle. A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized followi
14、ng a serious heart attack and had been in intensive care (特别护理) for several days. It was not a pleasant place. One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard. As we go
15、t out from our unit, the sunlight hit me. Thats all there was to my experience, just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was how warming, how sparking, how brilliant! I looked to see whether anyone else was enjoying the suns golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eye
16、s fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the beauty of each day, too busy with something unimportant. Lifes gifts are valuable but we are too careless of them. So, we should never be too busy for the wonder and awe of life. We should hold fast to life, but a
17、lso learn to let go. This is the second side of lifes coin, the opposite pole of its paradox. We must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world belongs to us, that whatever we want can or will be ours if we
18、work with full force. But then reality finally hits us, and slowly but surely this truth comes to us.57. What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. Life seems strange with opposite ideas. B. Life teaches us to hold tight to our life. C. Life is a box of chocolates with secrets. D. Life is mainly about b
19、irth and death.58. The writer may agree that _. A. wise people can easily realize what they lost in time B. people in sickness usually understand life much better C. it does us harm to think about what happened in the past D. we must accept our losses and then move onto a new life59. The writer uses
20、 the example in Paragraph 4-6 in order to _. A. explained the importance of keeping healthy B. tell a meaningful story about his life in the hospital C. show his regret about not enjoying the sunshine in the past D. prove people fail to enjoy something small but valuableWords and expressions1.parado
21、x 2.tightly 3.hospitalize 4.heart attack 5.additional 6.courtyard 7.spark 8.brilliant 9.unimportant 10.be careless of 11.be located in 12.to and fro 13.fix on 14.belong to Passage 3Depression is not a choice. Rather, it is a true medical condition like high blood pressure or heart disease. In the Un
22、ited States alone, more than 17 million people suffer from depression with women being twice as likely as men to suffer from the disease. Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines. Anyone can suffer from it, and those that do are not crazy or weak. They have a serious yet highly treatable di
23、sease. Feeling down? Youre not alone. If depression seems pretty common, it is. One in every ten adults suffers from depression. And thats what has scientists confused. If depression causes harm to the body, why is it so widespread in the population? Some scientists think they may have the answer. D
24、epression may have an evolutionary (进化) benefit. It may improve ones chances of fighting off infection (感染). Scientists have known that depressed people show an immunoreactive (免疫反应性的) condition known as inflammation (炎症), even when they are not infected. For several years they have been finding tha
25、t genes (基因) linked to depression also affect the function of the immune system. Stress, which can lead to depression, also change the immune system. These findings suggested that depression was somehow linked to the bodys ability to fight disease.Some scientists now come up with the idea that depre
26、ssion might have had an evolutionary advantage in the days before modern medicine and antibiotics (抗生素). Infection was a major cause of death in early human history. Surviving those infections determined which genes were passed to the next generation.They doubt that depression helped people, especia
27、lly children, stay alive from infection. Extreme tiredness leads to inactivity and less social contact which helps keep infection from spreading. Having no appetite helps avoid food sharing which can also spread infection. Sleeplessness, which is associated with both depression and immune system act
28、ivation, may have been a mechanism to keep a person alert(机警) to fight off enemies after injury.If scientists are correct about this link, it could lead to new treatments for depression. They are interested in drugs that treat conditions where the immune system attacks the persons own body, known as
29、 auto immune diseases. It is possible that medicine known to treat auto immune disease may be successful in treating depression also.56. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means _.A. there is a depression line between different groups and societiesB. people at a higher social position may tend t
30、o suffer from depressionC. people who are living with depression could connect with each otherD. anyone can get depression whatever their economic states and backgrounds are57. In Paragraph 2 the author _.A. introduces an idea on depressionB. gives an example to show his ideaC. explains how depressi
31、on worksD. describes the depression problems58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Depression can spread infection. B. Stress may affect the function of the immune system. C. Women are less likely to suffer from depression.D. Modern medicine is widely used for treating depre
32、ssion.59. The writer mainly wants to tell people that depression _.A. is serious but highly treatable diseaseB. could have its advantages in scientific researchC. may improve ones chances of fighting off infectionD. is a true medical condition like high blood pressureWords and expressions1.depressio
33、n 2.blood pressure 3.heart disease 4.suffer from 5.treatable 6.confuse 7.infect 8.linked to 9.affect e up with 11.extreme 12.inactivity 13.contact 14.appetite 15.be associated with 16.mechanism 17.economic states 18.backgrounds Passage 1 ACDBPassage 2 ADDPassage 3 DABC21年高考英语阅读专项训练12-4动物植物类 Exercise
34、 1 (2016北京高考C)California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue t
35、hese big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines,”
36、says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving t
37、hem a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantiti
38、es of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. Th
39、is work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital f
40、or now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”63.California condors attract researchers interest because they .A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found on in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have foun
41、d electrical lines are .A.blocking condors journey home B. big killers of Califorbnia condorasC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65.According to Paragraph 5 ,lead poisoning .A.makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors kidneysC. can hardly be gotten
42、rid of from condors bloodD. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds66.The passage shows that .A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found
43、 the final answers to the problemI.key words1. electrical-electric-electricity2. rescue3. undeadly4. effective-effect-effort-affect5. vitalII.key phrases1. die out2. kill sb off3. come up with4. pay off5. annual death rate6. average survival time7. put effort into doing sthIII.sentencesPassage 1What
44、 do three hearts, eight arms, and one huge brain add up to? An octopusa sea animal that can do amazing things. Octopuses are very smart. They can learn new things just like humans. Theyve even learned a few skills to get themselves out of dangerous situations. Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp (锋利的
45、) claws to protect themselves. Instead, they use more clever ways to fool their enemies. Octopuses like to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. It can change the color of its skin to match the sand. And this color change happens in less than a minute. Some octopuses like to
46、stay near rocks in shallow water. They can make themselves fit into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their enemies. Another way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink. The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus. By the time the ink clears, the octopus has swum away or hidden. If an octopus is in d
